1、Python优点

简单,优雅,明确

强大的模块第三方库

易移植

面向对角

可扩展

 

2、缺点

代码不能加密

执行速度慢

 

3、变量定义

第一个字母必须是字母表中的大小写,或下划线。不能以数字为开头。

1)变量赋值举例

eg:

>>> x=123

>>> y=x

>>> id(x)

22582176

>>> id(y)

22582176

>>> x=100

>>> id(x)

22580736

>>> id(y)

22582176

>>> tast-date = 1

  File "<stdin>", line 1

SyntaxError: can't assign to operator             ; 不能以非大小写下划线定义变量

>>> tast_date = 1

2)变量值类型

布尔型:true,false

eg:

If True: print ‘ddd’

ddd

整型,长整型,浮点型:

eg:

>>> type(a)  

<type 'long'>

>>> a = 2**34

>>> type(a) 

<type 'int'>

>>> a=1.34

>>> type(a)

<type 'float'>

>>> a=3

>>> type(a)

<type 'int'>

>>> b=2.3

>>> type(b)

<type 'float'>

字符串:

>>> name='wang'

>>> type(name)

<type 'str'>

序列类型:列表,数组……

>>> name_list=['wang','bai','gui']

>>> type(name_list)

<type 'list'>

 

4、运算

a) "/"  除法,默认取只为整,可跟小数点。

>>> 3/2

1

>>> 3.0/2

1.5

b)   取被除数 

>>> 10//2

5

>>> 10//4

2

>>> 10//3

3

c)   加减乘除法 

+=  “c+=a等于c=c+a”

*=   “c*=a等于c=c*a”

**=  “c**=a等于c=c**a”

 

d)   与运算&:

10和15的与运算

1010  1111  è10

10    20

1010  10100  è

>>> 10 & 20

0

>>> 10  & 15

10

e)   或运算:

10  20

1010 10100 è 11110  30

>>> 10 | 20

30

 

 

5、注释

单行注释:#

多行注释:三个章引号’’’  ‘’’或者三个双引号”””  “””  ,另一种也可做为格式化输出

提示:单引号和双引号无区别

 

6、理解字符编码

三种字符级:ASSIC(默认一个字节)  Unicode(两个字节)  UTF-8(可变字节,汉字三个字节)

概述:一个字节8位 111111  256个字,两个字节16位  65536个字

1024字节=1KB

1)(ACCIS)

一个字节举例:

>>> ord('a')

97              ;  a对应8位的某几位

>>> ord('A')

65              ;A对应8位的某几位

相当于每个对应256里个的各一位,一一对应。

 

2)UTF-8编码:可变的

存英文用一个字节存,汉字用三个字节存。

>>> a='wang'

>>> type(a)

<type 'str'>

>>> a=u'wang'

>>> type(a)

<type 'unicode'>

>>> a

u'wang'

>>> name=u'王小哥'

>>> type (name)

<type 'unicode'>

>>> name

u'\u738b\u67cf\u8d35'

 

>>> name = "王小哥"

>>> name

'\xe7\x8e\x8b\xe6\x9f\x8f\xe8\xb4\xb5'

>>> name = u"王小哥"

>>> name

u'\u738b\u67cf\u8d35'

 

3)unicode转换成UTF-8

>>> name = u'王小哥'

>>> name

u'\u738b\u67cf\u8d35'

>>> name.encode('utf-8')

'\xe7\x8e\x8b\xe6\x9f\x8f\xe8\xb4\xb5'

 

4)UTF-8转换成unicode

>>> wang="王小哥"

>>> wang

'\xe7\x8e\x8b\xe6\x9f\x8f\xe8\xb4\xb5'

>>> wang.decode('utf-8')

u'\u738b\u67cf\u8d35'  

 

提示:

  python系统里默认是ASSIC码编码格式,对应一个字节,所以在python里面存中文,会有问题,应该转换成UTF8编码格式

#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_

Name = u”中文”

Print name

提示:

  系统中读到内存里默认是unicode格式,存到硬盘可以以UTF-8格式存,因为unicode默认都是以两个字节存的,占空间。

 

8、导入模块

三种导入方式:

1) import modulename

2) from module import sayHi

3) import moduleName as newname

eg:

  Import sys

  Print sys.argv

    或

  From sys import argv

  Print argv

    或

  From sys import *     ;不建议使用

    或

  Import multiprocessing as nulte

========================= 

eg:

a) 调用系统命令

>>> import os

>>> os.system('df')

Filesystem     1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda3       18423556 1691736  15795936  10% /

tmpfs             405824       0    405824   0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1         198337   29668    158429  16% /boot 

0         ;默认会输出返回上一条指令的返回值

==>     将返回值存入并输出

>>> cru_dir = os.system('pwd')

/root/python/day01

>>> print cru_dir

0

b) 如何将输出结果输出?

倒入import commands模块

>>> import commands

>>> res = commands.getstatusoutput('pwd')

>>> res

(0, '/root/python/day01')

 

3) 倒入import sys模块

[root@localhost day01]# cat test1.py

import sys

print sys.argv

print sys.argv[2]

 

[root@localhost day01]# python test1.py a b c

['test1.py', 'a', 'b', 'c']

b

  

9、用户交互

1) raw_input

[root@localhost day01]# cat test2.py

#!/usr/bin/env ptyhon

#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_

name = raw_input('please input your name:')

age =  raw_input('age:')

print name , age

 

[root@localhost day01]# cat test2.py

#!/usr/bin/env ptyhon

#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_

name = raw_input('please input your name:')

age =  raw_input('age:')           ;raw_input无论输入任何都当字符串来解释

job = raw_input('job:')             ;可通过int(raw_input(‘age:’)) 转换成数字,或直接用input(‘age:’),注意:imput后面跟的是原生态,之前是什么,就是什么,定要指明是什么类型等,不然会有错误。

salary = raw_input('salary:')

print '''

     name: %s

     age : %s

     job : %s         ;%s代表字符串,%d代表数字,%f代表浮点数

  salary : %s

-----------------

''' %(name,age,job,salary)

 

 

Imput举例:

[root@localhost day01]# vim test2.py   

#!/usr/bin/env ptyhon

#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_

name = raw_input('please input your name:')

age = input('age:')

job = raw_input('job:')

salary = raw_input('salary:')

print type(age)

print '''

     name: %s

     age : %s

     job : %s

  salary : %s

-----------------

''' %(name,age,job,salary)

 

[root@localhost day01]# python test2.py

please input your name:wangbaigui

age:28

job:it

salary:2w

<type 'int'>

 

     name: wangbaigui

     age : 28

     job : it

  salary : 2w

-----------------

  

[root@localhost day01]# vim test2.py   

#!/usr/bin/env ptyhon

#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_

 

AGE = 28

name = raw_input('please input your name:')

age = input('age:')

job = raw_input('job:')

salary = raw_input('salary:')

print type(age)

print '''

     name: %s

     age : %s

     job : %s

  salary : %s

-----------------

''' %(name,age,job,salary)

 

[root@localhost day01]# python test2.py

please input your name:wangbaigui

age:AGE

job:it

salary:3w

<type 'int'>

 

     name: wangbaigui

     age : 28

     job : it

  salary : 3w

 

 

10、流程控制

1) if… else…举例:

#!/usr/bin/env ptyhon

#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_

name = raw_input('please input your name:')

age = input('age:')

job = raw_input('job:')

salary = raw_input('salary:')

 

if age > 30:

   meg = 'you are so old...'

elif age >20:

          meg = ‘…’

else:

        meg = 'you are so yongest...'

 

print '''

     name: %s

     age : %d

     job : %s

  salary : %s

-----------------

%s

''' % (name,age,job,salary,meg)

 

2) for循环

[root@localhost day01]# cat test4.py

#!/usr/bin/env ptyhon

#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_

name = raw_input('please input your name:')

job = raw_input('job:')

salary = raw_input('salary:')

 

relea_age = 28

for i in range(10):

   age =  input('age:')

   if age >30:

        meg = "think small..."

   elif age == 28:

        meg = "good!,you are right."

        break

   else:

        meg = "go to think"

   print meg

   print "you have only %s times to trye" %(9 - i)

 

print '''

     name: %s

     age : %d

     job : %s

  salary : %s

-----------------

%s

''' % (name,age,job,salary,meg)

 

3)while循环

[root@localhost day01]# cat test5.py

slect_num = input('which num you want:')

count = 0

while count < 100:

   if count == slect_num:

         print 'you slect right:%s'%(slect_num)

         choice = raw_input('you want go on or contine (Y/N)')

         if choice == 'Y':

            while True:

                slect_num = input('which num you want agan:')

                if slect_num <= count:

                        print "lookup alred past..,ples input newest num!"

                else:

                        break

            continue

         else:

                break

   else:

         print 'lookup',count

   count +=1

else:

        print 'Alread more then 100.. so Bye!'

 

 posted on 2015-04-10 14:20  阿~贵  阅读(699)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报