django系列笔记

说明:本文环境windows+pycharm专业版

1.HelloDjando

环境搭建:为django项目创建自己独立的python虚拟环境,并在pycharm中选择解释器为刚刚创建的python虚拟环境

进入到要创建django项目的目录,执行如下命令

django-admin startproject HelloDjango  #创建项目
python manage.py startapp App #创建应用,注意创建后先把该应用注册到settings.py中,以免后续忘记
python manage.py runserver  #启动服务    

浏览器访问:http://127.0.0.1:8000/ 可看到django的欢迎界面

2.MTV

模板配置:需要在项目目录中创建templates文件夹并标记;需要在settings中进行注册

路由优化配置:拆分为多个app;继承拆分路由器

例子1:

 

 

 浏览器访问:http://127.0.0.1:8000/hello/

 例子2:

项目根目录下创建文件夹templates(如果想让代码自动提示,需要右击templates Mark Directory as Templates)

 

 

 

 访问: http://127.0.0.1:8000/home/ 可看到如下界面

 3.model的介绍与简单使用

Object Relational Mapping 对象关系映射

迁移的概念:就是将模型映射到数据库的过程

编写models.py后,执行如下命令:

python manage.py makemigrations  #生成迁移
python manage.py migrate   #执行迁移

 如何使用mysql数据库?(django默认的是sqlite3) 

1.修改setting.py文件
2.安装pymysql ,pip install pymysql(如果原来已安装的话不需要安装)
3.在 项目根目录/HelloDjango/__init__.py增加如下内容:
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
使用mysql数据库
1.首先编写应用下的models.py
from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class Student(models.Model):
    s_name = models.CharField(max_length=16)
    s_age = models.IntegerField(default=1)

2.应用下新建urls.py并写入如下代码(注意鼠标定位到函数上就可以使用快捷键alt+enter进行快速导包与创建view对应的函数)
from django.conf.urls import url

from Two import views




urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^index/',views.index),
    url(r'^addstudent/',views.add_student),
    url(r'^getstudents/',views.get_students),
    url(r'^updatestudent/',views.update_student),
    url(r'^deletestudent/',views.delete_student),
]

3.项目下的urls.py增加如下
url(r'^two/',include('Two.urls')),

4.编写应用下的views.py
import random

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
from Two.models import Student


def index(request):
    return HttpResponse("Two index")


def add_student(request):
    student = Student()
    student.s_name = 'Tom%d'%random.randrange(100)
    student.save()

    return HttpResponse("Add Success %s"%student.s_name)


def get_students(request):
    students = Student.objects.all()
    for student in students:
        print(student.s_name)
    context = {
        "hobby":"play",
        "students":students
    }
    return render(request,"student_list.html",context=context)


def update_student(request):
    student = Student.objects.get(pk= 2)
    student.s_name = 'pomelo'
    student.save()
    return HttpResponse("student update success")


def delete_student(request):
    student =  Student.objects.get(pk=3)
    student.delete()
    return HttpResponse("delete student success")

5.如果4中有些使用到了html,则需要在项目根目录下的templates下创建对应的html文件
如:student_list.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>StudentList</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Ubuntu</h2>
<h3>{{ hobby }}</h3>
<h1>Student List</h1>
<hr>
<ul>
    {% for student in students %}
        <li>{{ student.s_name }}</li>
    {% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
</html>
model的简单使用一

render的原理,了解即可:

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render  # 其实是个快捷键

# Create your views here.
from django.template import loader


def index(request):
    three_index  = loader.get_template('three_index.html')  # 获取模板
    result = three_index.render()   # 渲染
    print(result)
    return HttpResponse(result)
View Code

4.model-数据常规操作、级联数据

python manage.py shell:可以用来调试数据

D:\django_project\day01\HelloDjango>python manage.py shell
Python 3.6.5 (v3.6.5:f59c0932b4, Mar 28 2018, 17:00:18) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
(InteractiveConsole)
>>> from Two.models import Student
>>> students = Student.objects.all()
>>> students
<QuerySet [<Student: Student object (1)>, <Student: Student object (2)>, <Student: Student object (3)>, <Student: Student object (4)>, <Student: Student object (5)>, <Student: Student ob
ject (6)>, <Student: Student object (7)>]>
>>> for student in students:
...     print(student.s_name)
...
Tom8
Tom97
Tom2
Tom45
Tom16
Tom30
Tom28
shell

表关系:

  1:1     给外键加上唯一约束

  1:M   外键

  M:N  额外创建一张表,记录另外两张表间的关系

posted @ 2020-04-03 22:52  爱打盹的猫猫  阅读(209)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报