如下:

1、空闲状态为SDA和SCL都为高电平

2、开始状态为：保持SCL，SDA高电平不变，SDA 保持最少4us，之后SDA为低，保持最少4us

3、结束状态为：保持SCL为高、SDA为低电平不变，保持最少4us，SDA为高保持最少4us

4、时间间隔4us要求来源（上面数据为24LC04，下面数据为24LC04B）

初步估算了一下时钟要求，100k（10us）符合要求，由于start有效位是在SCL高电平中间，所以SCL的上升沿和下降沿之间可以假设2个时钟周期，由上升沿触发，之后可以开始写程序了。

一、写流程

写寄存器的标准流程为：
1.    Master发起START
2.    Master发送I2C addr（7bit）和w操作0（1bit），等待ACK
3.    Slave发送ACK
4.    Master发送reg addr（8bit），等待ACK
5.    Slave发送ACK
6. Master发送data（8bit），即要写入寄存器中的数据，等待ACK
7.    Slave发送ACK
8.    第6步和第7步可以重复多次，即顺序写多个寄存器
9.    Master发起STOP

二、数据写入芯片时间

由芯片资料得到3ms，为了方便程序中设置为4ms，其中为了方便调试，放入了很多测试点以及led灯显示。

三、读流程

1.    Master发送I2Caddr（7bit）和 w操作0（1bit），等待ACK
2.    Slave发送ACK
3.    Master发送reg addr（8bit），等待ACK
4.    Slave发送ACK
5. Master发起START
6.    Master发送I2C addr（7bit）和R读1位，等待ACK
7.    Slave发送ACK
8.   Slave发送data（8bit），即寄存器里的值
9.   Master发送ACK
10.    第8步和第9步可以重复多次，即顺序读多个寄存器

四、程序

top和iic文件，时钟文件自己写吧，采用10us为周期的时钟。

top文件

`timescale 1ns / 1ps

module model(
                       CLK_50M,
                       reset,
                       led,
                       SDA,SCL,
                       clk_1s,
                       clk_100ms,
                       clk_10ms,
                       clk_1ms,
                       clk_10us,
                       bit_state,
                       write_down,read_down,
                       test0,test1,test2,test3,test4,test5,test6,test7,test8,test9,
                       read_data

);
input CLK_50M,reset;
output SCL,write_down,read_down,test0,test1,test2,test3,test4,test5,test6,test7,test8,test9;
output [3:0]led;
output [7:0]bit_state;
output [7:0]read_data;
inout SDA;
output clk_1s,clk_100ms,clk_10ms,clk_1ms,clk_10us;
//output [3:0] led;
//output [5:0] sel;
//output [7:0] LED;
wire clk_1s,clk_100ms,clk_10ms,clk_1ms,clk_10us;
//分析仪采样频率
clkdiv u0(.reset                           (reset),
           .CLK_50M                (CLK_50M),
           .clkout (clk_1s),
           .clkout1 (clk_100ms),
           .clkout2 (clk_10ms),
           .clkout3 (clk_1ms),
           .clkout4 (clk_10us)
);
wirte_iic u1(
           .clk_10us (clk_10us),
           .reset                           (reset),
           .led                               (led),
           .SDA                           (SDA),
           .SCL                          (SCL),
           .bit_state                       (bit_state),
           .write_down                       (write_down),
           .read_down                       (read_down),
           .test0                           (test0),
           .test1                           (test1),
           .test2                           (test2),
           .test3                           (test3),
           .test4                           (test4),
           .test5                           (test5),
           .test6                           (test6),
           .test7                           (test7),
           .test8                           (test8),
           .test9                           (test9),
           .read_data                       (read_data)

);

/***************************/
//chipscope icon和ila, 用于观察信号//
/***************************/
wire [35:0] CONTROL0;
wire [255:0] TRIG0;
chipscope_icon icon_debug (
.CONTROL0(CONTROL0) // INOUT BUS [35:0]
);

chipscope_ila ila_filter_debug (
.CONTROL(CONTROL0), // INOUT BUS [35:0]
// .CLK(dma_clk), // IN
.CLK(clk_10us), // IN, chipscope的采样时钟
.TRIG0(TRIG0) // IN BUS [255:0], 采样的信号
//.TRIG_OUT(TRIG_OUT0)
);
assign TRIG0[0] = test0; //采样
assign TRIG0[1] = test1; //采样
assign TRIG0[2] = test2; //采样
assign TRIG0[3] = test3; //采样
assign TRIG0[4] = test4; //采样
assign TRIG0[5] = test5; //采样
assign TRIG0[6] = test6; //采样
assign TRIG0[7] = test7; //采样
assign TRIG0[8] = test8; //采样
assign TRIG0[9] = test9; //采样
assign TRIG0[10] = read_down; //采样
assign TRIG0[11] = write_down; //采样
assign TRIG0[12] = SDA; //采样
assign TRIG0[13] = clk_1ms; //采样

assign TRIG0[21:14] = bit_state;
assign TRIG0[29:22] = read_data; //采样

//采样

endmodule

iic文件

`timescale 1ns / 1ps

module wirte_iic(   clk_10us,
                       reset,
                       led,
                       SDA,
                       SCL,
                       bit_state,
                       write_down,
                       test0,test1,test2,test3,test4,,test5,test6,test7,test8,test9,
                       read_data,
                       read_down
);
input clk_10us,reset;
inout SDA;
output SCL;
output reg [3:0]led;
output reg [7:0]bit_state;//bit_state为第几个信号 ,byte_state
output reg write_down,read_down,test0,test1,test2,test3,test4,test5,test6,test7,test8,test9;
output reg [7:0]read_data;
reg SCL;
reg isOut,tx_SDA;
reg [1:0]cnt;
reg [4:0]byte_state;
reg [7:0]write_data;
reg [16:0]   buf_time;//stop后，需要至少3ms写入页
parameter            write_address =8'b1010_0000,
                       write_chipaddress =8'b0000_0000,
                       write_bit =8'b0001_1000;

assign SDA = isOut ? tx_SDA : 1'bz;

always @(posedge clk_10us or negedge reset)
begin
   if(!reset)
       cnt <=0;
   else begin
           if(cnt ==3)
               cnt <=0;
           else
               cnt <= cnt +1'b1;
   end
end

always @(posedge clk_10us or negedge reset)
begin
   if(!reset)begin
           tx_SDA <=0;
           SCL <=0;
           isOut <=0;
           led<=4'b0000;
           bit_state <=0;
           byte_state <=0; //第几个8位包
           write_data <=0;
           write_down <=0;
           read_down <=0;
           read_data <=0;
           test0<=0;test1<=0;test2<=0;test3<=0;test4<=0;
           test5<=0;test6<=0;test7<=0;test8<=0;test9<=0;
           buf_time<=0;
       end
   else if(write_down==0&&read_down==0) begin
       case (bit_state)
       0:begin//起始位
           if(cnt==0)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1;isOut <=1;end
           if(cnt==1)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1;end
           if(cnt==2)begin tx_SDA<=0;SCL<=1;end
           if(cnt==3)begin tx_SDA<=0;SCL<=0;bit_state<=bit_state +1;write_data<=write_address;   end
           end
       1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8:begin//数据写入
           if(cnt==0)begin SCL<=0; tx_SDA <= write_data[8-bit_state];isOut <=1;end //高位先发送
           if(cnt==1)begin SCL<=1;end
           if(cnt==2)begin SCL<=1;end
           if(cnt==3)begin SCL<=0;bit_state <= bit_state +1;end
           end
       9:begin//判断ACK
           if(cnt==0)begin isOut<=0; end               //释放SDA
           if(cnt==1)begin SCL<=1;end
           if(cnt==2)begin
               if(SDA==0&&byte_state==0)begin
                   byte_state <=1;write_data<=write_chipaddress;end
               else if(SDA==0&&byte_state==1)begin
                   byte_state <=2;write_data<=write_bit;end
               else if(SDA==0&&byte_state==2)begin
                   byte_state <=3;write_data<=write_address;   end
               else begin   SCL<=1;end
           end
           if(cnt==3)begin
               if(byte_state==1)begin
                   SCL<=0;bit_state<=1;end
               else if(byte_state==2)begin
                   SCL<=0;bit_state<=1;   end
               else if(byte_state==3)begin
                   SCL<=0;bit_state<=10;end
               else begin SCL<=0; end
           end
       end
       10:begin//停止位
           if(cnt==0)begin tx_SDA<=0;SCL<=0;isOut<=1;end
           if(cnt==1)begin tx_SDA<=0;SCL<=1;end
           if(cnt==2)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1;end
           if(cnt==3)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=0;bit_state<=11; end
           end
       11:begin//缓存3ms写入数据
           if(cnt==0)begin tx_SDA<=1'bz;SCL<=1'bz;isOut<=0;end
           if(cnt==1)begin tx_SDA<=1'bz;SCL<=1'bz;end
           if(cnt==2)begin tx_SDA<=1'bz;SCL<=1'bz;end
           if(cnt==3)begin
                   if(buf_time==100)begin
                       write_down <=1;
                       bit_state<=0; end
                   else begin
                       bit_state<=11;
                       buf_time<=buf_time+1;end
               end
       end
       default:begin isOut <=0;led<=4'b1111; end
       endcase
       end
   else if(write_down==1&&read_down==0)begin//读取数据
   case(bit_state)
           0:begin//起始位
           if(cnt==0)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1;isOut <=1;end
           if(cnt==1)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1;end
           if(cnt==2)begin tx_SDA<=0;SCL<=1;end
           if(cnt==3)begin tx_SDA<=0;SCL<=0;bit_state<=bit_state +1;
               if(byte_state==5)write_data<=8'b10100001;else write_data<=write_address;end
           end
       1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8:begin//数据写入
           if(cnt==0)begin SCL<=0; tx_SDA <= write_data[8-bit_state];isOut <=1;end//高位先发送
           if(cnt==1)begin SCL<=1;end
           if(cnt==2)begin SCL<=1;end
           if(cnt==3)begin SCL<=0;bit_state <= bit_state +1;end
           end
       9:begin//判断ACK
           if(cnt==0)begin isOut<=0;end               //释放SDA
           if(cnt==1)begin SCL<=1;   end
           if(cnt==2)begin
               if(SDA==0&&byte_state==3)begin
                   byte_state <=4;write_data<=write_chipaddress;end
               else if(SDA==0&&byte_state==4)begin
                   byte_state <=5;   end
               else if(SDA==0&&byte_state==5)begin
                   byte_state <=6;   end
               else begin   SCL<=1;end
           end
           if(cnt==3)begin
               if(byte_state==4)begin
                   SCL<=0;bit_state<=1;end
               else if(byte_state==5)begin
                   SCL<=0;bit_state<=0;   end
               else if(byte_state==6)begin
                   SCL<=0;bit_state<=10;end
               else begin SCL<=0; end
           end
       end
       10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17:begin//数据读
           if(cnt==0)begin SCL<=0; isOut<=0; end
           if(cnt==1)begin SCL<=1;end
           if(cnt==2)begin
                   if(byte_state==6)begin
                       SCL<=1;
                       read_data[17-bit_state] <= SDA;end
           end
           if(cnt==3)begin SCL<=0;bit_state <= bit_state +1;end
           end
       18:begin//NACK to 1
           if(cnt==0)begin SCL<=0;isOut<=0;   end
           if(cnt==1)begin SCL<=1;end
           if(cnt==2)begin
               if(SDA==1)begin
                       SCL<=1;end
               else begin   SCL<=1;bit_state<=0;end
           end
           if(cnt==3)begin SCL<=0; bit_state <= bit_state +1; end
           end
       19:begin//stop
           if(cnt==0)begin tx_SDA<=0;SCL<=0;isOut<=1;end
           if(cnt==1)begin tx_SDA<=0;SCL<=1;end
           if(cnt==2)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1;end
           if(cnt==3)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=0;bit_state <= bit_state +1; end
           end
       20:begin//空闲信号只能在边沿变化，同步非常重要
           if(cnt==0)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1;isOut<=1;end
           if(cnt==1)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1; end
           if(cnt==2)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1; end
           if(cnt==3)begin read_down<=1;bit_state<=0; led<=4'b0001;end
       end
       default:begin isOut <=0;end
       endcase
       end
   else if(write_down==1&&read_down==1)begin
           if(cnt==0)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1;isOut<=0;end
           if(cnt==1)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1; end
           if(cnt==2)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1; end
           if(cnt==3)begin tx_SDA<=1;SCL<=1; end
       end
   else begin led<=4'b1111;end

end