Flask - flask-script | 多app应用 | wtforms
flask-script
用于实现类似于django中 python3 manage.py runserver ...类似的命令
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安装
>: pip3 install flask-script
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使用
manage.py
from flask import Flask # 1.导入Manager from flask_script import Manager # 2. 实例化Flask生成对象app app = Flask(__name__) # 3.实例化Manager并将app传入生成对象manager manager=Manager(app) @app.route("/") def index(): return "ok" if __name__ == '__main__': # 4. 用manager.run()启动flask,即可实现类似django启动命令 manager.run() # flask 启动命令 python3 文件名.py runserver 这里的文件名是manage
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自定制命令
manage.py
from flask import Flask from flask_script import Manager app = Flask(__name__) manager=Manager(app) @app.route("/") def index(): return "ok" # 1.装饰命令体函数 @manager.command def custom1(arg,a): # 2.命令体函数 """ 使用自定义命令: python 文件名.py 函数名 参数1 参数2 python manage.py custom 123 :param arg: :return: """ print(arg,a) @manager.option('-n', '--name', dest='name') @manager.option('-u', '--url', dest='url') def cmd(name, url): """ 自定义命令（-n也可以写成--name） 执行： python manage.py cmd -n haha -u http://www.baidu.com 执行： python manage.py cmd --name haha --url http://www.baidu.com :param name: :param url: :return: """ print(name, url) if __name__ == '__main__': manager.run()
多app应用(了解)
from werkzeug.wsgi import DispatcherMiddleware from werkzeug.serving import run_simple from flask import Flask app1 = Flask('app01') app2 = Flask('app02') @app1.route('/index') def index(): return "app01" @app2.route('/index') def index2(): return "app2"
当访问的url是 /index 时,调用的是app1的 index函数
当访问的url是 /sec12/index 时, 调用的是app2的index2函数
dm = DispatcherMiddleware(app1, { '/sec12': app2, 根据访问的url前缀进行路由分发 }) if __name__ == "__main__": run_simple('localhost', 5000, dm)
wtforms
类似django的form组件
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安装
>: pip3 install wtforms
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使用1
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect from wtforms import Form from wtforms.fields import simple from wtforms import validators from wtforms import widgets app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates') app.debug = True class LoginForm(Form): # 字段（内部包含正则表达式） name = simple.StringField( label='用户名', validators=[ validators.DataRequired(message='用户名不能为空.'), validators.Length(min=6, max=18, message='用户名长度必须大于%(min)d且小于%(max)d') ], widget=widgets.TextInput(), # 页面上显示的插件 render_kw={'class': 'form-control'} ) # 字段（内部包含正则表达式） pwd = simple.PasswordField( label='密码', validators=[ validators.DataRequired(message='密码不能为空.'), validators.Length(min=8, message='用户名长度必须大于%(min)d'), validators.Regexp(regex="^(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*\d)(?=.*[$@$!%*?&])[A-Za-z\d$@$!%*?&]{8,}", message='密码至少8个字符，至少1个大写字母，1个小写字母，1个数字和1个特殊字符') ], widget=widgets.PasswordInput(), render_kw={'class': 'form-control'} ) @app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def login(): if request.method == 'GET': form = LoginForm() return render_template('login.html', form=form) else: form = LoginForm(formdata=request.form) if form.validate(): print('用户提交数据通过格式验证，提交的值为：', form.data) else: print(form.errors) return render_template('login.html', form=form) if __name__ == '__main__': app.run()
login.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>登录</h1> <form method="post"> <p>{{form.name.label}} {{form.name}} {{form.name.errors[0] }}</p> <p>{{form.pwd.label}} {{form.pwd}} {{form.pwd.errors[0] }}</p> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>
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使用2：
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect from wtforms import Form from wtforms.fields import core from wtforms.fields import html5 from wtforms.fields import simple from wtforms import validators from wtforms import widgets app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates') app.debug = True class RegisterForm(Form): name = simple.StringField( label='用户名', validators=[ validators.DataRequired() ], widget=widgets.TextInput(), render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}, default='alex' ) pwd = simple.PasswordField( label='密码', validators=[ validators.DataRequired(message='密码不能为空.') ], widget=widgets.PasswordInput(), render_kw={'class': 'form-control'} ) pwd_confirm = simple.PasswordField( label='重复密码', validators=[ validators.DataRequired(message='重复密码不能为空.'), validators.EqualTo('pwd', message="两次密码输入不一致") ], widget=widgets.PasswordInput(), render_kw={'class': 'form-control'} ) email = html5.EmailField( label='邮箱', validators=[ validators.DataRequired(message='邮箱不能为空.'), validators.Email(message='邮箱格式错误') ], widget=widgets.TextInput(input_type='email'), render_kw={'class': 'form-control'} ) gender = core.RadioField( label='性别', choices=( (1, '男'), (2, '女'), ), coerce=int # “1” “2” ) city = core.SelectField( label='城市', choices=( ('bj', '北京'), ('sh', '上海'), ) ) hobby = core.SelectMultipleField( label='爱好', choices=( (1, '篮球'), (2, '足球'), ), coerce=int ) favor = core.SelectMultipleField( label='喜好', choices=( (1, '篮球'), (2, '足球'), ), widget=widgets.ListWidget(prefix_label=False), option_widget=widgets.CheckboxInput(), coerce=int, default=[1, 2] ) def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(RegisterForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.favor.choices = ((1, '篮球'), (2, '足球'), (3, '羽毛球')) def validate_pwd_confirm(self, field): """ 自定义pwd_confirm字段规则，例：与pwd字段是否一致 :param field: :return: """ # 最开始初始化时，self.data中已经有所有的值 if field.data != self.data['pwd']: # raise validators.ValidationError("密码不一致") # 继续后续验证 raise validators.StopValidation("密码不一致") # 不再继续后续验证 @app.route('/register', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def register(): if request.method == 'GET': form = RegisterForm(data={'gender': 2,'hobby':[1,]}) # initial return render_template('register.html', form=form) else: form = RegisterForm(formdata=request.form) if form.validate(): print('用户提交数据通过格式验证，提交的值为：', form.data) else: print(form.errors) return render_template('register.html', form=form) if __name__ == '__main__': app.run()
login.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>用户注册</h1> <form method="post" novalidate style="padding:0 50px"> {% for field in form %} <p>{{field.label}}: {{field}} {{field.errors[0] }}</p> {% endfor %} <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>
