25+ Useful Selenium Web driver Code Snippets For GUI Testing Automation
本文总结了使用Selenium Web driver 做页面自动化测试的一些 tips, tricks, snippets.
1. Chrome Driver 如何安装 extensions
两种方式
a) Packed (.crx file) -- crx为Chrome的插件后缀名,FireFox的是xpi
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); options.addExtensions(new File("/path/to/extension.crx")); DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities(); capabilities.setCapability(ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY, options); ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(capabilities);
b) Unpacked (directory)
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); options.addArguments("load-extension=/path/to/extension"); DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities(); capabilities.setCapability(ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY, options); ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(capabilities);
2. 使用自定义的profile (即 user data directory)
因为WebDriver每次启动一个实例时,会生成一个匿名的profile, 如果想用自己的profile (包括extensions, 还有settings), 可以定义user data directory 路径
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); options.addArguments("user-data-dir=C:/Users/user_name/AppData/Local/Google/Chrome/User Data");
3. 最大化窗口
网上有很多方式但好多试了都不行,下面这个是可行的
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); options.addArguments("start-maximized"); DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.chrome(); capabilities.setCapability(ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY, options);
4. 摆脱Google Analytics
由于很多网页嵌入Google Analytics, 这会导致Web Driver 访问的时候超慢, 下载这个no_google_analytics-0.6-an+fx.xpi文件, FireFox的插件, Chrome的网上也有,参考这里。
FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(); profile.addExtension(new File(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("no_google_analytics-0.6-an+fx.xpi").getFile())); desiredCapabilities.setCapability(FirefoxDriver.PROFILE, profile);
5. 设置代理
a) 不使用代理
FirefoxProfile firefoxProfile = new FirefoxProfile(); firefoxProfile.setPreference("network.proxy.type", 0); driver = new FirefoxDriver(firefoxProfile);
b) 手动配置代理 http
FirefoxProfile firefoxProfile = new FirefoxProfile(); firefoxProfile.setPreference("network.proxy.type", 1); firefoxProfile.setPreference("network.proxy.http", "10.51.1.140"); firefoxProfile.setPreference("network.proxy.http_port", "8080"); driver = new FirefoxDriver(firefoxProfile);
c) 自动代理配置
FirefoxProfile firefoxProfile = new FirefoxProfile(); profile.setPreference("network.proxy.type", 2); profile.setPreference("network.proxy.autoconfig_url", "http://proxy.xxx.net:8001"); //Auto config url driver = new FirefoxDriver(firefoxProfile);
##转载注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4846155.html
6. 禁用image, javascript, css, document
firefoxProfile.setPreference("permissions.default.image", 2); firefoxProfile.setPreference("permissions.default.script", 2); firefoxProfile.setPreference("permissions.default.stylesheet", 2); firefoxProfile.setPreference("permissions.default.subdocument", 2);
7. 上传文件
String filePath = "path\\to\\file\for\\upload"; JavascriptExecutor jsx = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; jsx.executeScript("document.getElementById('fileName').value='" + filePath + "';");
8. Frame切换
WebElement frameElement = driver.findElement(By.id("id-of-frame"));
driver.switchTo().frame(frameElement);
9. Get page source
String content = driver.getPageSource();
10. Get 页面元素的 HTML source
JavascriptExecutor jsx = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; String elementId = "element-id"; String html =(String) jsx.executeScript("return document.getElementById('" + elementId + "').innerHTML;");
##转载注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4846155.html
11. Scroll Up, Down
JavascriptExecutor jsx = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; //Vertical scroll - down by 100 pixels jsx.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,100)", ""); //Vertical scroll - up by 55 pixels (note the number is minus 55) jsx.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,-55)", "");
也可以左右scroll
12. 多层菜单的处理
Actions actions = new Actions(driver); WebElement menuElement = driver.findElement(By.id("menu-element-id")); actions.moveToElement(menuElement).moveToElement(subMenuElement).click();
有些情况下,move到一级菜单 需要等待一会儿 才能定位到子菜单里的选项,可以thread sleep一会儿
actions.moveToElement(menuElement); Thread.sleep(1); actions.moveToElement(subMenuElement); Thread.sleep(1); actions.moveToElement(subSubMenuElement).click().perform();
13. 提取元素的 CSS 属性
背景色, 文字颜色, 文字字号
String bgcolor = driver.findElement(By.id("id123")).getCssValue("background-color"); String textColor = driver.findElement(By.id("id123")).getCssValue("color");
String textFont = dr.findElement(By.tagName("h3")).getCssValue("font")
14. 非常特殊的一个输入框
鼠标需要一直按在上面才可定位到该元素,不然元素隐藏着,解决办法用Action, moveToElement然后Click 输入键盘动作Ctrl+A (全选)然后输入数据,最后perform(), 全选输入是为了清除原来的数据
action.moveToElement(textSpan).click().sendKeys(Keys.chord(Keys.CONTROL, "a")).sendKeys(input).perform();
15. 执行JS命令直接Click button
有时候Button元素在页面底部,屏幕只能显示页面上班部分, click不到元素, 这种方式任何时候都可行。
((JavascriptExecutor)webDriver).executeScript("arguments[0].click();", webElement);
##转载注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4846155.html
16. 取得页面上所有的link
比如 html 如下
<div class="cities_boxer"> <div class="left_side"> <dl> <dt>A</dt> <dd> <a href="http://anshan.anjuke.com" class="">鞍山</a> <a href="http://anyang.anjuke.com" class="">安阳</a> <a href="http://anqing.anjuke.com" class="">安庆</a> </dd> </dl> </div> </div>
String link = null; List<WebElement> ls = driver.findElements(By.tagName("a")); List<String> links = new ArrayList<String>(); for (WebElement a : ls) { link = a.getAttribute("href"); links.add(link); }
17. 查找最后一个子节点
比如浏览器F12 控制台输入
$$('.cities_boxer > div.left_side > dl:nth-child(1) > dd > a:nth-last-child(1)')
返回 <a href="http://anshun.anjuke.com" class="">安顺</a>
注: $$() Returns an array of all the elements that match the specified CSS selector.
另一种方式
$x("//*[@id='content']/div[4]/div[1]/dl[1]/dd/a[last()]")
注:$x() Returns an array of elements that match the specified XPath.
测试站点:http://www.anjuke.com/sy-city.html
18. 等待 FluentWait
wait = new FluentWait<WebDriver>(webDriver).withTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) .pollingEvery(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS).ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class);
In FluentWait you have more options to configure apart from Maximum wait time like polling interval, exceptions to ignore etc.
19. Take A Screenshot
File screenshot =((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
20. WebDriverWait 等待元素的预期状态
public void waitUntilBecomesVisible(WebElement webElement) { new WebDriverWait(webDriver, 10).until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf(webElement)); }
public void waitTextToBePresentInElement(WebElement element, String text) { new WebDriverWait(webDriver, 10).until(ExpectedConditions.textToBePresentInElement(element, text)); }
public void waitUntilInvisible(By by) { new WebDriverWait(webDriver, 10).until(ExpectedConditions.invisibilityOfElementLocated(by)); }
public void WaitUntilClickable(WebElement element) { new WebDriverWait(webDriver, 10).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(element)); }
21. 隐性等待
webDriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
22. AjaxElementLocatorFactory
public class PageBase { public PageBase(WebDriver driver) { AjaxElementLocatorFactory finder = new AjaxElementLocatorFactory(driver, 10); PageFactory.initElements(finder, this); } }
注: 常用于Web application 有很多Ajax组件元素
Selenium does comes with AjaxElementLocatorFactory, which creates instances of AjaxElementLocator. Now the idea is, if you send an Ajax request, this ElementLocator waits for 250 milliseconds to look for the element, till it ultimately times out (configurable). The only exposed API from Selenium, that I found, was PageFactory, whose main purpose is to create a DefaultElementLocatorFactory, which does not wait.
23. 弹出对话框
Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
alert.accept();
alert.dismiss();
alert.getText();
24. 拖拉(Drag andDrop)
WebElement element =driver.findElement(By.name("source")); WebElement target = driver.findElement(By.name("target")); (new Actions(driver)).dragAndDrop(element, target).perform();
25. WebDriver设置元素焦点
if("input".equals(element.getTagName()){ element.sendKeys(""); } else{ new Actions(driver).moveToElement(element).perform(); }
或
((JavascriptExecutor)webDriver).executeScript("document.getElementById('elementid').focus();");
##转载注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4846155.html
26. 浏览器 Navigate Back And Forward
//Go back to the last visited page driver.navigate().back(); //go forward to the next page driver.navigate().forward();
27. Check If An Element Exists
driver.findElements(By.id("element-id")).size()!=0
28. Check If An Element Is Visible
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("element-id")); if(element instanceof RenderedWebElement) { System.out.println("Element visible"); } else { System.out.println("Element Not visible"); }
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##转载注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4846155.html