silverlight游戏设计（四）角色/精灵篇之 -- 精灵的设计

精灵的呈现基础

silverlight的那套api并不是一个为游戏设计的，你找不到现成的”精灵”相关的类。

最简单的精灵用一个Image就可以充当，但游戏中总是存在各式各样的精灵，不同精灵又有不同的逻辑，为了方便设计我们有必要定义一些接口。

呈现器接口—IPresenter

namespace Sopaco.Silverlight.GameFramewrok.Sprite
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 呈现器
    /// </summary>
    public interface IPresenter : IDisposable
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 用于标识咯咯呈现器
        /// </summary>
        string Id { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        EmRoleBehavior CurrentBehavior { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        EmRoleDir CurrentDir  { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 附加到容器中以显示
        /// </summary>
        void AttachOnContainer(Panel container);
        /// <summary>
        /// 从容器中脱离
        /// </summary>
        void RemoveFromContainer();
        /// <summary>
        /// 是否可见
        /// </summary>
        bool IsVisiable { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 是否启用特效
        /// </summary>
        bool IsEnableEffect { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 特效
        /// </summary>
        Effect Effect { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 相对父容器的X轴偏移
        /// </summary>
        double X { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 相对父容器的Y轴偏移
        /// </summary>
        double Y { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 相对父容器的Z轴值
        /// </summary>
        int ZIndex { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// X偏移
        /// </summary>
        double OffsetX { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// Y偏移
        /// </summary>
        double OffsetY { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 运动控制模式
        /// </summary>
        EmSpriteControlMode ControlMode { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        PresenterResource Resource { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 显示的帧速
        /// </summary>
        TimeSpan FrameFrequency { get; set; }
        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        void SetViewSource(ImageSource source);

        /// <summary>
        /// ControlMode为RefreshOnPerFrame时调用此方法执行逻辑
        /// </summary>
        void OnFrame();
        /// <summary>
        /// 播放一套完整的动画序列，直到将ControlMode设置为非AniSequenceMode值
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="behavior"></param>
        /// <param name="dir"></param>
        /// <param name="?"></param>
        void DoAniSequence(EmRoleBehavior behavior, EmRoleBehavior dir, AniTimes time, Action onAniCompleted);
    }
}

 

 

Id：精灵的标识值

CurrentBehavior：精灵动作

CurrentDir：精灵方向

IsVisiable：是否可见

IsEnableEffect：是否开启特Effect效

Effect：对呈现器进行渲染的BitmapEffect

X：相对呈现器父容器的X轴偏移

Y：相对呈现器父容器的Y轴偏移

ZIndex：Z轴权重值

OffsetX：在整个精灵容器内部X偏移

OffsetY：在整个精灵容器内部Y偏移

CenterX：X轴中心点偏移量

CenterY：Y轴中心点偏移量

ControlMode：运动模式。OnFrame/Story/混合

Resource：这里是精灵序列帧的图片资源，我从其精灵本身给分离出来了。

FrameFrequency：帧速设定

可添加部件的精灵

稍微玩过一些rpg游戏的人都知道，游戏中有个概念叫“装备”，顽疾通常会在通过打怪、任务、升级奖励等来得到新的装备，不同装备下角色的外观是不同的，同样的也会需求出现在”纸娃娃”、装备预览等需求上。我们在设计之处就应该考虑到这种复合的精灵角色，所以要进一步加入一个接口：IPartable。、

namespace Sopaco.Silverlight.GameFramewrok.Sprite
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 支持部件添加的呈现器
    /// </summary>
    public interface IPartable : IPresenter
    {
        void AddPart(IPresenter part);
        void AddPart(string partKey, IPresenter part);
        void RemovePart(string partKey);
    }
}

 

 

 

 

进一步，具体的实现

 

 

上面把接口定义好，接下来只需实现即可。对于silverlight，任何一个UIElement的子类都可以作为呈现器，而如果要添加部件的话很容易想到的是Canvas，因为Canvas一方面本身就是个容器，其次是一种绝对布局，我们可以通过设定UIElement对应的Canvas.LeftProperty调整其位置。有了这样的思路，具体实现如下：

namespace Sopaco.Silverlight.GameFramewrok.Sprite
{
    public abstract class PresenterBase : IPresenter
    {
        #region Fields
        private Panel _preContainer;
        private bool _isEnableEffect;
        private long _preRefreshTimeTicks;
        #endregion
        #region ctors
        public PresenterBase()
        {
            CurrentBehavior = EmRoleBehavior.站立;
            CurrentDir = EmRoleDir.默认;
        }
        #endregion
        protected abstract UIElement InnerUIElement { get; }

        #region IPresenter Members
        public virtual EmRoleBehavior CurrentBehavior { get; set; }
        public virtual EmRoleDir CurrentDir { get; set; }
        public string Id 
        {
            get; 
            set;    
        }
        public double X
        {
            get
            {
                return Canvas.GetLeft(InnerUIElement) - OffsetX;
            }
            set
            {
                Canvas.SetLeft(InnerUIElement, value + OffsetX);
            }
        }

        public double Y
        {
            get
            {
                return Canvas.GetTop(InnerUIElement) - OffsetY;
            }
            set
            {
                Canvas.SetTop(InnerUIElement, value + OffsetY);
            }
        }

        public double OffsetX
        {
            get;
            set;
        }

        public double OffsetY
        {
            get;
            set;
        }

        public int ZIndex
        {
            get
            {
                return Canvas.GetZIndex(InnerUIElement);
            }
            set
            {
                Canvas.SetZIndex(InnerUIElement, value);
            }
        }

        public void AttachOnContainer(Panel container)
        {
            RemoveFromContainer();
            container.Children.Add(container);
            _preContainer = container;
        }

        public void RemoveFromContainer()
        {
            if (_preContainer != null)
                _preContainer.Children.Remove(InnerUIElement);
        }
        public bool IsEnableEffect
        {
            get
            {
                return _isEnableEffect;
            }
            set
            {
                if (_isEnableEffect == value)
                    return;
                _isEnableEffect = value;
                InnerUIElement.Effect = Effect;
            }
        }

        public System.Windows.Media.Effects.Effect Effect
        {
            get;
            set;
        }
        public bool IsVisiable
        {
            get
            {
                return InnerUIElement.Visibility.ToBoolean();
            }
            set
            {
                InnerUIElement.Visibility = value.ToVisibility();
            }
        }
        public abstract void SetViewSource(ImageSource source);
        /// <summary>
        /// 呈现器的图片资源
        /// </summary>
        public PresenterResource Resource 
        {
            get; set; 
        }
        public TimeSpan FrameFrequency 
        {
            get; set; 
        }
        public virtual void OnFrame()
        {
            var span = TimeSpan.FromTicks(DateTime.Now.Ticks - _preRefreshTimeTicks);
            if (span >= FrameFrequency)
            {
                RefreshOnFrameImmediately();
            }
        }
        public virtual void Dispose()
        {
            RemoveFromContainer();
            _preContainer = null;
        }

        public abstract EmSpriteControlMode ControlMode 
        {
            get; set;
        }
        public abstract void DoAniSequence(EmRoleBehavior behavior, EmRoleBehavior dir, AniTimes time, Action onAniCompleted);
        /// <summary>
        /// 立即刷新
        /// </summary>
        protected abstract void RefreshOnFrameImmediately();
        #endregion
    }
}

 

 

 

namespace Sopaco.Silverlight.GameFramewrok.Sprite
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 可添加部件的呈现器
    /// </summary>
    public class AddPartablePresenter : PresenterBase, IPartable
    {
        #region Fields
        protected Dictionary<string, IPresenter> _parts = new Dictionary<string, IPresenter>();
        public static readonly string DEFAULT_PARTKEY = "unipart";
        private static int autoId = 0;
        protected EmSpriteControlMode _controlMode;
        protected Canvas _container = new Canvas();
        #endregion

        #region IPresenter  Members
        public override EmSpriteControlMode ControlMode
        {
            get
            {
                return _controlMode;
            }
            set
            {
                _controlMode = value;
            }
        }
        public override void SetViewSource(ImageSource source)
        {
            _container.Background = new ImageBrush()
            {
                ImageSource = source
            };
        }
        #endregion

        #region IPartable Members
        public void AddPart(IPresenter part)
        {
            AddPart(CURRENT_DEFAULT_PARTKEY, part);
        }
        public void AddPart(string partKey, IPresenter part)
        {
            attachSelf(partKey, part);
        }
        public void RemovePart(string partKey)
        {
            deteachSelf(partKey);
        }
        #endregion

        #region IDisposable Members

        public override void Dispose()
        {

            base.Dispose();
        }

        #endregion

        protected override UIElement InnerUIElement
        {
            get { return _container; }
        }

        #region Private Helper Methods
        private void attachSelf(string partKey, IPresenter part)
        {
            part.AttachOnContainer(_container);
            _parts.Add(partKey, part);
        }
        private void deteachSelf(string partKey)
        {
            if(_parts.ContainsKey(partKey))
            {
                _parts[partKey].RemoveFromContainer();
            }
            _parts.Remove(partKey);
        }
        private string CURRENT_DEFAULT_PARTKEY
        {
            get
            {
                return string.Format("{0}-{1}", DEFAULT_PARTKEY, ++autoId);
            }
        }
        #endregion

        public override void DoAniSequence(EmRoleBehavior behavior, EmRoleBehavior dir, AniTimes time, Action onAniCompleted)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

        protected override void RefreshOnFrameImmediately()
        {
            foreach (var part in _parts.Values)
            {
                part.OnFrame();
            }
        }
    }
}

 

 

namespace Sopaco.Silverlight.GameFramewrok.Sprite
{
    public class GameRole : AddPartablePresenter
    {
        public string RoleId
        {
            get;
            set;
        }
        public override void OnFrame()
        {
            if(base.ControlMode == EmSpriteControlMode.RefreshPerFrame)
            {
                foreach (var part in base._parts.Values)
                {
                    part.OnFrame();
                }
            }
        }
        public override EmRoleBehavior CurrentBehavior
        {
            get
            {
                return base.CurrentBehavior;
            }
            set
            {
                base.CurrentBehavior = value;
                //更新所有部件的行为
                foreach (var part in base._parts.Values)
                {
                    part.CurrentBehavior = CurrentBehavior;
                }
            }
        }
        public override EmRoleDir CurrentDir
        {
            get
            {
                return base.CurrentDir;
            }
            set
            {
                base.CurrentDir = value;
                //更新所有部件的方向
                foreach (var part in base._parts.Values)
                {
                    part.CurrentDir = CurrentDir;
                }
            }
        }
        #region Private Helper Methods
        #endregion
    }
}