Pivot C# Array or DataTable: Convert a Column To a Row with LINQ（c#列转行）

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My previous post explains how to convert a column to row in JavaScript array. In this post, we will do the same thing but with C# Array and DataTable using the power of LINQ or Lambda expression. For simplicity, I am using the same data.

C# Array To Pivot DataTable

1. Here is the C# array object:

var data = new[] { 
              new { Product = "Product 1", Year = 2009, Sales = 1212 },
              new { Product = "Product 2", Year = 2009, Sales = 522 },
              new { Product = "Product 1", Year = 2010, Sales = 1337 },
              new { Product = "Product 2", Year = 2011, Sales = 711 },
              new { Product = "Product 2", Year = 2012, Sales = 2245 },
              new { Product = "Product 3", Year = 2012, Sales = 1000 }
          };

2. On Googling, I found the following generic method in StackOverflow thread:

public static DataTable ToPivotTable<T, TColumn, TRow, TData>(
    this IEnumerable<T> source,
    Func<T, TColumn> columnSelector,
    Expression<Func<T, TRow>> rowSelector,
    Func<IEnumerable<T>, TData> dataSelector)
        {
            DataTable table = new DataTable();
            var rowName = ((MemberExpression)rowSelector.Body).Member.Name;
            table.Columns.Add(new DataColumn(rowName));
            var columns = source.Select(columnSelector).Distinct();
 
            foreach (var column in columns)
                table.Columns.Add(new DataColumn(column.ToString()));
 
            var rows = source.GroupBy(rowSelector.Compile())
                             .Select(rowGroup => new
                             {
                                 Key = rowGroup.Key,
                                 Values = columns.GroupJoin(
                                     rowGroup,
                                     c => c,
                                     r => columnSelector(r),
                                     (c, columnGroup) => dataSelector(columnGroup))
                             });
 
            foreach (var row in rows)
            {
                var dataRow = table.NewRow();
                var items = row.Values.Cast<object>().ToList();
                items.Insert(0, row.Key);
                dataRow.ItemArray = items.ToArray();
                table.Rows.Add(dataRow);
            }
 
            return table;
        }

3. You can create a static class for extension methods and put it there.
   To convert Year values to columns and get Pivot DataTable:

var pivotTable = data.ToPivotTable(
              item => item.Year, 
              item => item.Product,  
              items => items.Any() ? items.Sum(x=>x.Sales) : 0);

4. You will get the following output:
   

C# Array to Pivot Dynamic Array

1. You might want to get the List or dynamic[] instead of getting DataTable after converting columns to rows. It is handy in ASP.NET Web API to return JSON response.
2. To do it, I updated the extension method to get the dynamic object. use following extension method:

public static dynamic[] ToPivotArray<T, TColumn, TRow, TData>(
this IEnumerable<T> source,
Func<T, TColumn> columnSelector,
Expression<Func<T, TRow>> rowSelector,
Func<IEnumerable<T>, TData> dataSelector)
       {
 
           var arr = new List<object>();
           var cols = new List<string>();
           String rowName = ((MemberExpression)rowSelector.Body).Member.Name;
           var columns = source.Select(columnSelector).Distinct();       
 
           cols =(new []{ rowName}).Concat(columns.Select(x=>x.ToString())).ToList();
 
 
           var rows = source.GroupBy(rowSelector.Compile())
                            .Select(rowGroup => new
                            {
                                Key = rowGroup.Key,
                                Values = columns.GroupJoin(
                                    rowGroup,
                                    c => c,
                                    r => columnSelector(r),
                                    (c, columnGroup) => dataSelector(columnGroup))
                            }).ToArray();
 
 
           foreach (var row in rows)
           {
               var items = row.Values.Cast<object>().ToList();
               items.Insert(0, row.Key);
               var obj = GetAnonymousObject(cols, items);
               arr.Add(obj);               
           }
           return arr.ToArray();
       }
 private static dynamic GetAnonymousObject(IEnumerable<string> columns, IEnumerable<object> values)
       {
           IDictionary<string, object> eo = new ExpandoObject() as IDictionary<string, object>;
           int i;
           for (i = 0; i < columns.Count(); i++)
           {
               eo.Add(columns.ElementAt<string>(i), values.ElementAt<object>(i));
           }
           return eo;
       }

3. ExpandoObject is used to create dynamic object.
   Now, to convert row to column and get dynamic array:

var pivotArray = data.ToPivotArray(
                item => item.Year,
               item => item.Product,
               items => items.Any() ? items.Sum(x => x.Sales) : 0);

4. You can easily convert in JSON format

String json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(pivotArray, new KeyValuePairConverter());

5. Here is the result:
   

C# DataTable to Pivot DataTable

1. Let us have a DataTable with same data:

DataTable myDataTable = new DataTable();
myDataTable.Columns.AddRange(new DataColumn[3] { new DataColumn("Product"), new DataColumn("Year", typeof(int)), new DataColumn("Sales", typeof(int)) });
myDataTable.Rows.Add("Product 1", 2009, 1212);
myDataTable.Rows.Add("Product 2", 2009, 522);
myDataTable.Rows.Add("Product 1", 2010, 1337);
myDataTable.Rows.Add("Product 2", 2011, 711);
myDataTable.Rows.Add("Product 2", 2012, 2245);
myDataTable.Rows.Add("Product 3", 2012, 1000);

2. You can use the same extension method to get Pivot DataTable like below.

var data2 = myDataTable.AsEnumerable().Select(x=> new { 
               Product =x.Field<String>("Product"), 
               Year= x.Field<int>("Year"), 
               Sales = x.Field<int>("Sales") });
           
           DataTable pivotDataTable =data2.ToPivotTable(
                item => item.Year,
               item => item.Product,
               items => items.Any() ? items.Sum(x => x.Sales) : 0);

3. Here is the result:
   

DataTable to List

1. If you need to convert DataTable to List of dynamic object then use following extension method:

public static List<dynamic> ToDynamicList(this DataTable dt)
       {
           var list = new List<dynamic>();
           foreach (DataRow row in dt.Rows)
           {
               dynamic dyn = new ExpandoObject();
               list.Add(dyn);
               foreach (DataColumn column in dt.Columns)
               {
                   var dic = (IDictionary<string, object>)dyn;
                   dic[column.ColumnName] = row[column];
               }
           }
           return list;
       }

2. Here is the result:
   

Conclusion

In this post, we played with C# Array, DataTable and implemented to convert row to column and get Pivot Array, DataTable and List of dynamic object.

Hope, It helps.