springcloud 基础部分:创建项目

一、基本环境

参考:
1、B站尚硅谷视频:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV18E411x7eT
2、笔记:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36903261/category_10087946.html

 

二、创建父项目

1、选择maven项目

  2、填写项目信息

  3、选择本地maven

 

三、环境配置

1、添加自动引入

 2、设置字符编码 UTF-8

3、 工程目录显示的文件过滤

 4、java编译版本选择

5、注解生效激活

  

四、父工程POM文件

 <!--统一管理jar包版本-->
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
    <lombok.version>1.18.10</lombok.version>
    <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
    <mysql.version>8.0.18</mysql.version>
    <druid.version>1.1.20</druid.version>
    <mybatis.spring.boot.version>1.3.2</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
  </properties>

  <!--子模块继承之后,提供作用:锁定版本+子module不用写groupId和version-->
  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <!--spring boot 2.2.2-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
      <!--spring cloud Hoxton.SR1-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>Hoxton.SR1</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
      <!--spring cloud alibaba-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
      <!--mysql-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>${mysql.version}</version>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
      </dependency>
      <!-- druid-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>${druid.version}</version>
      </dependency>

      <!--mybatis-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <!--junit-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>${junit.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <!--log4j-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        <version>${log4j.version}</version>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>

  </dependencyManagement>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <configuration>
          <fork>true</fork>
          <addResources>true</addResources>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

</project>

  

错误处理:Plugin ‘org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-maven-plugin:‘ not found

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>    <!-- 添加版本号,和springboot保持一致 -->
</plugin>

// 重启idea环境后生效 

 

五、maven测试验证

1、选中maven生命周期,执行,测试是否正常。

2、关闭test环节。

 

六、创建子模块

  2、选择jdk环境

 3、填写模块名称

 

4、在POM添加依赖

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.20</version>
            <!--子工程写了版本号,就使用子工程的版本号,如果没写版本,找父工程中规定的版本号-->
        </dependency>
        <!--mysql-connector-java-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--jdbc-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--热部署-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

 

5、写yml

在resources目录下新建application.yml配置文件

#微服务建议一定要写服务端口号和微服务名称
server:
  #端口号
  port: 8081

spring:
  application:
    #微服务名称
    name: cloud-payment-service
  #数据库配置
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    #mysql5.x的没有cj
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    #记得先创建数据库
    url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.138:3306/testdb?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true&serverTimezone=GMT
    username: root
    password: 123456

#mybatis配置
mybatis:
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
  type-aliases-package: com.hr.springcloud.entities  #所有Entity别名类所在包

 

6、主启动

在java包下创建主启动类com.hr.springcloud.PaymentMain8081

@SpringBootApplication
public class PaymentMain8081 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain8081.class, args);
    }
}

 

七、子模块业务类

1、建表SQL

CREATE TABLE `payment`(
    `id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'ID',
    `serial` VARCHAR(200) DEFAULT '',
    PRIMARY KEY(`id`)
)ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO payment(`serial`)VALUES("张三");

2、entities
在springcloud包下新建实体类entities.Payment

//这三个注解是lombok的,除了导入依赖,idea还需要安装插件(具体操作问度娘)
@Data   //set/get方法
@AllArgsConstructor //有参构造器
@NoArgsConstructor  //无参构造器
public class Payment implements Serializable {
    private long id;
    private String serial;
}

在entities包下新建CommonResult(json封装体,传给前端的)

//返回给前端的通用json数据串
@Data   //set/get方法
@AllArgsConstructor //有参构造器
@NoArgsConstructor  //无参构造器
public class CommonResult<T> {
    private Integer code;
    private String message;
    private T data; //泛型,对应类型的json数据

    //自定义两个参数的构造方法
    public CommonResult(Integer code, String message){
        this(code, message, null);
    }
}

3、dao
在springcloud包下新建dao.PaymentDao接口

@Mapper
public interface PaymentDao {

    //
    int create(Payment payment);

    //改     加上@Param注解,mapper中就可以采用#{}的方式把@Param注解括号内的参数进行引用
    Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
    
    //这里用增和改进行演示,有兴趣的可以自己加其他的方法
}

4、mapper
在resources目录下新建mapper/PaymentMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.hr.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao">

    <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.hr.springcloud.entities.Payment">
        <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
        <id column="serial" property="serial" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
    </resultMap>
    

    <!---->
    <!--  Payment标红了不用管,因为我们已经在yml文件中指定了Payment的位置了  -->
    <insert id="create" parameterType="Payment" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
        insert into payment(serial) values(#{serial});
    </insert>

    <!---->
    <!--返回用resultMap,防止命名不规范-->
    <select id="getPaymentById" parameterType="Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
        select * from payment where id=#{id};
    </select>
</mapper>

5、service
在springcloud包下新建service.PaymentService接口

public interface PaymentService {

    int create(Payment payment);

    Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);

}

在service包下新建impl.PaymentServiceIpml实现类

@Service
public class PaymentServiceIpml implements PaymentService {

    @Resource   //@Autowired也可以
    private PaymentDao paymentDao;

    public int create(Payment payment){
        return paymentDao.create(payment);
    }

    public Payment getPaymentById(Long id){
        return paymentDao.getPaymentById(id);
    }

}

6、controller
在springcloud包下新建controller.PaymentController

@RestController
@Slf4j  //日志
public class PaymentController {

    @Resource
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    //前后端分离,所以不能直接返回对象,数据要先经过CommonResult封装再返回
    @PostMapping("/payment/create")
    public CommonResult create(@RequestBody Payment payment){
        int result = paymentService.create(payment);
        log.info("******插入的数据为:" + payment);
        log.info("******插入结果:" + result);

        if(result > 0){
            //插入成功
            return new CommonResult(200, "插入数据库成功", result);
        }else{
            return new CommonResult(444, "插入数据库失败");
        }
    }


    @GetMapping("/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        Payment payment = paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
        log.info("******查询结果:" + payment);

        if(payment != null){
            //查询成功
            return new CommonResult(200, "查询成功", payment);
        }else{
            return new CommonResult(444, "没有对应记录,查询ID:" + id);
        }
    }

}

错误处理:...class not find

PaymentMapper.xml、application.yml 检查路径名是否正确。

 

八、子模块运行测试

1、启动项目

 

2、浏览器输入http://localhost:8081/payment/get/1,查询成功。

 

3、使用postman工具,输入 http://localhost:8081/payment/create,发送post请求进行测试

 

// 注意:参数传递写在Body中,写在Params中会报错400

 

九、消费者子模块

1、新建模块

// 参照子模块创建步骤

2、改POM

往pom中添加:

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--热部署-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

3、写yml

在resources目录下新建application.yml文件

#访问一个网站时,默认是80端口,给用户80端口,用户就可以不用加端口直接访问页面
server:
  port: 8082

4、主启动

com.hr.springcloud.OrderMain8082

@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderMain8082 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderMain8082.class, args);
    }
}

 

十、消费者模块业务类

1、复制cloud-provider-payment8081项目里的entities(里面2个实体类)到本项目(cloud-consumer-order8082)的springcloud包下。(在后面的工程重构,会把实体类抽取出来)

2、在springcloud包下新建config.ApplicationContextConfig

@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {

    //往容器中添加一个RestTemplate
    //RestTemplate提供了多种便捷访问远程http访问的方法
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

}

3、在springcloud包下新建controller.OrderController

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {

    public static final String PAYMENT_URL = "http://localhost:8081";

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    //因为浏览器只支持get请求,为了方便这里就用get
    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/create")
    public CommonResult<Payment> create(Payment payment){
        log.info("********插入的数据:" + payment);
        //postForObject分别有三个参数:请求地址,请求参数,返回的对象类型
        return restTemplate.postForObject(PAYMENT_URL + "/payment/create", payment, CommonResult.class);
    }

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> getPayment(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        log.info("********查询的id:" + id);
        //getForObject两个参数:请求地址,返回的对象类型
        return restTemplate.getForObject(PAYMENT_URL + "/payment/get/" + id, CommonResult.class);
    }
}

 

十一、服务者、消费者整合测试

启动两个项目进行测试,两个项目都启动后,右下角会弹出个services提示,点击show,运行的项目合并在一起显示:

 

 

 在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8082/consumer/payment/get/1成功查询到数据。

 

 在浏览器中输入 http://localhost:8082/consumer/payment/create?serial=钱七 插入一条数据。  

// 备注:消费者模块,插入数据的controller采用了get方式提交,因此才能用浏览器直接验证。

 

十一、工程重构

目的:对系统重复部分进行重构,提取公共模块。

1、新建模块:cloud-api-commons

2、改pom
添加依赖:

   <dependencies>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
           <scope>runtime</scope>
           <optional>true</optional>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
           <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
           <optional>true</optional>
       </dependency>
       <!--   一个Java工具包     -->
       <dependency>
           <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
           <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
           <version>5.1.0</version>
       </dependency>
   </dependencies>

3、拷贝entities到本项目中(路径需要一样:com.hr.springcloud)

4、对项目进行打包

5、删除另外两个项目的entities包

6、给两个项目引入打包后项目的坐标

       <!-- 引用自己定义的api通用包 -->
       <dependency>
           <groupId>com.hr.springcloud</groupId>
           <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
           <version>${project.version}</version>
       </dependency>

7、重新测试

查询:http://localhost:8082/consumer/payment/get/1

 

新增:http://localhost:8082/consumer/payment/create?serial=赵六

 

 

 

 

 十二、常见错误

1、错误:The server time zone value 'EDT' is unrecognized or represents more than one time zone.

// 解决:参照linux、linux安装配置文档,修改mysql系统时间

 

2、报错:java: 程序包lombok不存在

// idea设置:File->Settings->builder->maven->Runner->Delegate IDE build/run actions to Maven勾上,然后重启idea

 

3、配置services 只能显示5个运行项目的限制

 

posted @ 2021-12-20 11:47  vv_online  阅读(126)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报