synchronized和lock详解

一、synchronized原理详解

　　1. 设计同步器的意义

　　　　多线程可能会同时访问一个共享、可变的资源，这个资源称之为临界资源，需要同步机制来协同对象可变状态的访问，同步器的本质就是加锁，即同一时刻只能有同一个线程访问临界资源，也称为同步互斥访问

　　　　sychronized内置锁是一种对象锁(锁的是对象,而非引用),可以实现临界资源的互斥访问,是可重入的

　　2. 加锁的方式

1. 1. 同步实例方法,锁是当前实例对象
   2. 同步类方法,锁是当前类对象
   3. 同步代码块,锁是括号里面的对象

　　3. synchronized原理详解

　　　　JVM在1.5之后版本做了重大的优化,如锁粗化,锁消除,偏向锁,轻量级锁,锁自旋等操作来减少锁的开销

　　　　① 偏向锁 : 在大多数情况下,锁不仅存在多线程竞争,而且总是由同一个线程多次获得,故而引入偏向锁,核心思想是 : 如果一个线程获取了锁,那么进入偏向模式,此时Mark Word 的结构也就变成了偏向锁结构,当线程再次请求锁时,无需做任何同步操作,即可获取锁的过程,省去了大量的有关锁申请的操作,从而提高了程序的性能

　　　　② 轻量级锁 : 轻量级锁所适应的场景是,线程交替执行同步代码块的场合,如果存在同一时间内访问同一锁的场合,就会导致轻量级锁膨胀为重量级锁

　　　　③ 自旋锁 : 应用场景是,大多数情况下,线程持有锁的时间都不会太长,如果直接挂起操作系统层面的线程就会得不偿失,毕竟线程之间的切换需要从用户状态转换到核心态,这个状态之间的转换需要较长的时间,虚拟机假设在不久的将来,当前线程可以获得锁,虚拟机会让当前获取锁的线程做几个空循环,经过几次空循环后,如果得到锁,就顺利进入临界区,如果得不到锁,就系统层面挂起

　　　　④ 锁消除 : java虚拟机在JIT编译时,通过上下文的扫描,去除不存在共享资源竞争的锁,通过这种方式消除没有必要的锁,可以节省毫无意义的请求锁的时间

　　　　⑤ 重量级锁 : synchronized是基于JVM内置锁的实现,通过内部对象Monitor(监视器锁)实现,基于进入与退出monitor对象实现方法与代码块同步,监视器锁的实现依赖底层操作系统Mutex lock的实现,他是一个重量级锁,性能较低.

　　4. ReentrantLock

　　　　是一种基于AQS框架的实现,是JDK中的线程并发访问的同步手段,他的功能类似于synchronized,是一种互斥锁,可以保证线程安全.而且比synchronized具有更多的特性,比如它支持手动加锁与解锁,支持锁的公平性.
　　　　除了Lock外, java.current.util当中同步器的实现如Latch, Barrier, BlockingQueue等,都是基于AQS框架实现.

　　　　一般是通过定义内部类Sync集成AQS, 将同步器所有都映射到Sync对应的方法

　　5. AQS

　　　　特性 : 阻塞等待队列, 共享/独占 ,公平/非公平, 可重入, 允许中断

　　　　内部维护属性 : volatile int state ,state表示资源的可用状态

　　　　State三种访问方式 : getState(), setState(), compareAndSetState()

　　　　两种资源的共享方式 : 
　　　　　　Exclusive-独占 : 只有一个线程能执行, 如ReentrantLock

　　　　　　share-共享 : 多个线程可以同时执行, 如Semphore/CountdownLatch

　　　　定义两种队列 : 

　　　　　　同步等待队列

　　　　　　条件等待队列

　　　　自定义同步器主要实现以下几种方法 : 

　　　　　　isHeldExclusively() : 该线程是否正在独占资源. 只有用到condition才需要去实现它.

　　　　　　tryAcquire(int) : 独占方式. 尝试获取资源,成功返回true, 失败返回false.

　　　　　　tryRelease(int) : 独占方式, 尝试释放资源,成功返回true,失败返回false.

　　　　　　tryAcquireShared(int) : 共享方式. 尝试获取资源,负数表示失败; 0表示成功,但没有剩余剩余可用资源; 正数表示成功,且有剩余资源.

　　　　　　tryReleaseShared(int) : 共享方式. 尝试释放资源, 如果释放后允许唤醒后续等待节点返回true,否则返回false. 

　　　　CLH同步等待队列

　　　　　　CLH是一种FIFO先入先出线程等待队列,Java中的CLH是原CLH的一个变种,线程由原自旋改为阻塞机制

　　　　Condition条件等待队列

　　　　　　是一个多线程协调通信的工具类,使得某个或者某些线程一起等待某个条件,只有当条件具备时,这些线程才会被唤醒,从而重新争夺锁

　　AQS源码分析

public abstract class AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
        extends AbstractOwnableSynchronizer
        implements java.io.Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 7373984972572414691L;

    /**
     * Creates a new {@code AbstractQueuedSynchronizer} instance
     * with initial synchronization state of zero.
     */
    protected AbstractQueuedSynchronizer() { }

    /**
     * Wait queue node class.
     *
     * 不管是条件队列，还是CLH等待队列
     * 都是基于Node类
     * 
     * AQS当中的同步等待队列也称CLH队列，CLH队列是Craig、Landin、Hagersten三人
     * 发明的一种基于双向链表数据结构的队列，是FIFO先入先出线程等待队列，Java中的
     * CLH队列是原CLH队列的一个变种,线程由原自旋机制改为阻塞机制。
     */
    static final class Node {
        /**
         * 标记节点未共享模式
         * */
        static final Node SHARED = new Node();
        /**
         *  标记节点为独占模式
         */
        static final Node EXCLUSIVE = null;

        /**
         * 在同步队列中等待的线程等待超时或者被中断，需要从同步队列中取消等待
         * */
        static final int CANCELLED =  1;
        /**
         *  后继节点的线程处于等待状态，而当前的节点如果释放了同步状态或者被取消，
         *  将会通知后继节点，使后继节点的线程得以运行。
         */
        static final int SIGNAL    = -1;
        /**
         *  节点在等待队列中，节点的线程等待在Condition上，当其他线程对Condition调用了signal()方法后，
         *  该节点会从等待队列中转移到同步队列中，加入到同步状态的获取中
         */
        static final int CONDITION = -2;
        /**
         * 表示下一次共享式同步状态获取将会被无条件地传播下去
         */
        static final int PROPAGATE = -3;

        /**
         * 标记当前节点的信号量状态 (1,0,-1,-2,-3)5种状态
         * 使用CAS更改状态，volatile保证线程可见性，高并发场景下，
         * 即被一个线程修改后，状态会立马让其他线程可见。
         */
        volatile int waitStatus;

        /**
         * 前驱节点，当前节点加入到同步队列中被设置
         */
        volatile Node prev;

        /**
         * 后继节点
         */
        volatile Node next;

        /**
         * 节点同步状态的线程
         */
        volatile Thread thread;

        /**
         * 等待队列中的后继节点，如果当前节点是共享的，那么这个字段是一个SHARED常量，
         * 也就是说节点类型(独占和共享)和等待队列中的后继节点共用同一个字段。
         */
        Node nextWaiter;

        /**
         * Returns true if node is waiting in shared mode.
         */
        final boolean isShared() {
            return nextWaiter == SHARED;
        }

        /**
         * 返回前驱节点
         */
        final Node predecessor() throws NullPointerException {
            Node p = prev;
            if (p == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            else
                return p;
        }
        //空节点，用于标记共享模式
        Node() {    // Used to establish initial head or SHARED marker
        }
        //用于同步队列CLH
        Node(Thread thread, Node mode) {     // Used by addWaiter
            this.nextWaiter = mode;
            this.thread = thread;
        }
        //用于条件队列
        Node(Thread thread, int waitStatus) { // Used by Condition
            this.waitStatus = waitStatus;
            this.thread = thread;
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 指向同步等待队列的头节点
     */
    private transient volatile Node head;

    /**
     * 指向同步等待队列的尾节点
     */
    private transient volatile Node tail;

    /**
     * 同步资源状态
     */
    private volatile int state;

    /**
     * 
     * @return current state value
     */
    protected final int getState() {
        return state;
    }

    protected final void setState(int newState) {
        state = newState;
    }

    /**
     * Atomically sets synchronization state to the given updated
     * value if the current state value equals the expected value.
     * This operation has memory semantics of a {@code volatile} read
     * and write.
     *
     * @param expect the expected value
     * @param update the new value
     * @return {@code true} if successful. False return indicates that the actual
     *         value was not equal to the expected value.
     */
    protected final boolean compareAndSetState(int expect, int update) {
        // See below for intrinsics setup to support this
        return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, expect, update);
    }

    // Queuing utilities

    /**
     * The number of nanoseconds for which it is faster to spin
     * rather than to use timed park. A rough estimate suffices
     * to improve responsiveness with very short timeouts.
     */
    static final long spinForTimeoutThreshold = 1000L;

    /**
     * 节点加入CLH同步队列
     */
    private Node enq(final Node node) {
        for (;;) {
            Node t = tail;
            if (t == null) { // Must initialize
                //队列为空需要初始化，创建空的头节点
                if (compareAndSetHead(new Node()))
                    tail = head;
            } else {
                node.prev = t;
                //set尾部节点
                if (compareAndSetTail(t, node)) {//当前节点置为尾部
                    t.next = node; //前驱节点的next指针指向当前节点
                    return t;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates and enqueues node for current thread and given mode.
     *
     * @param mode Node.EXCLUSIVE for exclusive, Node.SHARED for shared
     * @return the new node
     */
    private Node addWaiter(Node mode) {
        // 1. 将当前线程构建成Node类型
        Node node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), mode);
        // Try the fast path of enq; backup to full enq on failure
        Node pred = tail;
        // 2. 1当前尾节点是否为null？
        if (pred != null) {
            // 2.2 将当前节点尾插入的方式
            node.prev = pred;
            // 2.3 CAS将节点插入同步队列的尾部
            if (compareAndSetTail(pred, node)) {
                pred.next = node;
                return node;
            }
        }
        enq(node);
        return node;
    }

    /**
     * Sets head of queue to be node, thus dequeuing. Called only by
     * acquire methods.  Also nulls out unused fields for sake of GC
     * and to suppress unnecessary signals and traversals.
     *
     * @param node the node
     */
    private void setHead(Node node) {
        head = node;
        node.thread = null;
        node.prev = null;
    }

    /**
     *
     */
    private void unparkSuccessor(Node node) {
        //获取wait状态
        int ws = node.waitStatus;
        if (ws < 0)
            compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, ws, 0);// 将等待状态waitStatus设置为初始值0

        /**
         * 若后继结点为空，或状态为CANCEL（已失效），则从后尾部往前遍历找到最前的一个处于正常阻塞状态的结点
         * 进行唤醒
         */
        Node s = node.next; //head.next = Node1 ,thread = T3
        if (s == null || s.waitStatus > 0) {
            s = null;
            for (Node t = tail; t != null && t != node; t = t.prev)
                if (t.waitStatus <= 0)
                    s = t;
        }
        if (s != null)
            LockSupport.unpark(s.thread);//唤醒线程,T3唤醒
    }

    /**
     * 把当前结点设置为SIGNAL或者PROPAGATE
     * 唤醒head.next(B节点)，B节点唤醒后可以竞争锁，成功后head->B，然后又会唤醒B.next，一直重复直到共享节点都唤醒
     * head节点状态为SIGNAL，重置head.waitStatus->0，唤醒head节点线程，唤醒后线程去竞争共享锁
     * head节点状态为0，将head.waitStatus->Node.PROPAGATE传播状态，表示需要将状态向后继节点传播
     */
    private void doReleaseShared() {
        for (;;) {
            Node h = head;
            if (h != null && h != tail) {
                int ws = h.waitStatus;
                if (ws == Node.SIGNAL) {//head是SIGNAL状态
                    /* head状态是SIGNAL，重置head节点waitStatus为0，E这里不直接设为Node.PROPAGAT,
                     * 是因为unparkSuccessor(h)中，如果ws < 0会设置为0，所以ws先设置为0，再设置为PROPAGATE
                     * 这里需要控制并发，因为入口有setHeadAndPropagate跟release两个，避免两次unpark
                     */
                    if (!compareAndSetWaitStatus(h, Node.SIGNAL, 0))
                        continue; //设置失败，重新循环
                    /* head状态为SIGNAL，且成功设置为0之后,唤醒head.next节点线程
                     * 此时head、head.next的线程都唤醒了，head.next会去竞争锁，成功后head会指向获取锁的节点，
                     * 也就是head发生了变化。看最底下一行代码可知，head发生变化后会重新循环，继续唤醒head的下一个节点
                     */
                    unparkSuccessor(h);
                    /*
                     * 如果本身头节点的waitStatus是出于重置状态（waitStatus==0）的，将其设置为“传播”状态。
                     * 意味着需要将状态向后一个节点传播
                     */
                }
                else if (ws == 0 &&
                        !compareAndSetWaitStatus(h, 0, Node.PROPAGATE))
                    continue;                // loop on failed CAS
            }
            if (h == head) //如果head变了，重新循环
                break;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 把node节点设置成head节点，且Node.waitStatus->Node.PROPAGATE
     */
    private void setHeadAndPropagate(Node node, int propagate) {
        Node h = head; //h用来保存旧的head节点
        setHead(node);//head引用指向node节点
        /* 这里意思有两种情况是需要执行唤醒操作
         * 1.propagate > 0 表示调用方指明了后继节点需要被唤醒
         * 2.头节点后面的节点需要被唤醒（waitStatus<0），不论是老的头结点还是新的头结点
         */
        if (propagate > 0 || h == null || h.waitStatus < 0 ||
                (h = head) == null || h.waitStatus < 0) {
            Node s = node.next;
            if (s == null || s.isShared())//node是最后一个节点或者 node的后继节点是共享节点
                /* 如果head节点状态为SIGNAL，唤醒head节点线程，重置head.waitStatus->0
                 * head节点状态为0(第一次添加时是0)，设置head.waitStatus->Node.PROPAGATE表示状态需要向后继节点传播
                 */
                doReleaseShared();
        }
    }

    // Utilities for various versions of acquire

    /**
     * 终结掉正在尝试去获取锁的节点
     * @param node the node
     */
    private void cancelAcquire(Node node) {
        // Ignore if node doesn't exist
        if (node == null)
            return;

        node.thread = null;

        // 剔除掉一件被cancel掉的节点
        Node pred = node.prev;
        while (pred.waitStatus > 0)
            node.prev = pred = pred.prev;

        // predNext is the apparent node to unsplice. CASes below will
        // fail if not, in which case, we lost race vs another cancel
        // or signal, so no further action is necessary.
        Node predNext = pred.next;

        // Can use unconditional write instead of CAS here.
        // After this atomic step, other Nodes can skip past us.
        // Before, we are free of interference from other threads.
        node.waitStatus = Node.CANCELLED;

        // If we are the tail, remove ourselves.
        if (node == tail && compareAndSetTail(node, pred)) {
            compareAndSetNext(pred, predNext, null);
        } else {
            // If successor needs signal, try to set pred's next-link
            // so it will get one. Otherwise wake it up to propagate.
            int ws;
            if (pred != head &&
                    ((ws = pred.waitStatus) == Node.SIGNAL ||
                            (ws <= 0 && compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL))) &&
                    pred.thread != null) {
                Node next = node.next;
                if (next != null && next.waitStatus <= 0)
                    compareAndSetNext(pred, predNext, next);
            } else {
                unparkSuccessor(node);
            }

            node.next = node; // help GC
        }
    }

    /**
     * 
     */
    private static boolean shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(Node pred, Node node) {
        int ws = pred.waitStatus;
        if (ws == Node.SIGNAL)
            /*
             * 若前驱结点的状态是SIGNAL，意味着当前结点可以被安全地park
             */
            return true;
        if (ws > 0) {
            /*
             * 前驱节点状态如果被取消状态，将被移除出队列
             */
            do {
                node.prev = pred = pred.prev;
            } while (pred.waitStatus > 0);
            pred.next = node;
        } else {
            /*
             * 当前驱节点waitStatus为 0 or PROPAGATE状态时
             * 将其设置为SIGNAL状态，然后当前结点才可以可以被安全地park
             */
            compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL);
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 中断当前线程
     */
    static void selfInterrupt() {
        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
    }

    /**
     * 阻塞当前节点，返回当前Thread的中断状态
     * LockSupport.park 底层实现逻辑调用系统内核功能 pthread_mutex_lock 阻塞线程
     */
    private final boolean parkAndCheckInterrupt() {
        LockSupport.park(this);//阻塞
        return Thread.interrupted();
    }

    /**
     * 已经在队列当中的Thread节点，准备阻塞等待获取锁
     */
    final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) {
        boolean failed = true;
        try {
            boolean interrupted = false;
            for (;;) {//死循环
                final Node p = node.predecessor();//找到当前结点的前驱结点
                if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {//如果前驱结点是头结点，才tryAcquire，其他结点是没有机会tryAcquire的。
                    setHead(node);//获取同步状态成功，将当前结点设置为头结点。
                    p.next = null; // help GC
                    failed = false;
                    return interrupted;
                }
                /**
                 * 如果前驱节点不是Head，通过shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire判断是否应该阻塞
                 * 前驱节点信号量为-1，当前线程可以安全被parkAndCheckInterrupt用来阻塞线程
                 */
                if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
                        parkAndCheckInterrupt())
                    interrupted = true;
            }
        } finally {
            if (failed)
                cancelAcquire(node);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 与acquireQueued逻辑相似，唯一区别节点还不在队列当中需要先进行入队操作
     */
    private void doAcquireInterruptibly(int arg)
            throws InterruptedException {
        final Node node = addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE);//以独占模式放入队列尾部
        boolean failed = true;
        try {
            for (;;) {
                final Node p = node.predecessor();
                if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
                    setHead(node);
                    p.next = null; // help GC
                    failed = false;
                    return;
                }
                if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
                        parkAndCheckInterrupt())
                    throw new InterruptedException();
            }
        } finally {
            if (failed)
                cancelAcquire(node);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 独占模式定时获取
     */
    private boolean doAcquireNanos(int arg, long nanosTimeout)
            throws InterruptedException {
        if (nanosTimeout <= 0L)
            return false;
        final long deadline = System.nanoTime() + nanosTimeout;
        final Node node = addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE);//加入队列
        boolean failed = true;
        try {
            for (;;) {
                final Node p = node.predecessor();
                if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
                    setHead(node);
                    p.next = null; // help GC
                    failed = false;
                    return true;
                }
                nanosTimeout = deadline - System.nanoTime();
                if (nanosTimeout <= 0L)
                    return false;//超时直接返回获取失败
                if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
                        nanosTimeout > spinForTimeoutThreshold)
                    //阻塞指定时长，超时则线程自动被唤醒
                    LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanosTimeout);
                if (Thread.interrupted())//当前线程中断状态
                    throw new InterruptedException();
            }
        } finally {
            if (failed)
                cancelAcquire(node);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 尝试获取共享锁
     */
    private void doAcquireShared(int arg) {
        final Node node = addWaiter(Node.SHARED);//入队
        boolean failed = true;
        try {
            boolean interrupted = false;
            for (;;) {
                final Node p = node.predecessor();//前驱节点
                if (p == head) {
                    int r = tryAcquireShared(arg); //非公平锁实现，再尝试获取锁
                    //state==0时tryAcquireShared会返回>=0(CountDownLatch中返回的是1)。
                    // state为0说明共享次数已经到了，可以获取锁了
                    if (r >= 0) {//r>0表示state==0,前继节点已经释放锁，锁的状态为可被获取
                        //这一步设置node为head节点设置node.waitStatus->Node.PROPAGATE，然后唤醒node.thread
                        setHeadAndPropagate(node, r);
                        p.next = null; // help GC
                        if (interrupted)
                            selfInterrupt();
                        failed = false;
                        return;
                    }
                }
                //前继节点非head节点，将前继节点状态设置为SIGNAL，通过park挂起node节点的线程
                if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
                        parkAndCheckInterrupt())
                    interrupted = true;
            }
        } finally {
            if (failed)
                cancelAcquire(node);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Acquires in shared interruptible mode.
     * @param arg the acquire argument
     */
    private void doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg)
            throws InterruptedException {
        final Node node = addWaiter(Node.SHARED);
        boolean failed = true;
        try {
            for (;;) {
                final Node p = node.predecessor();
                if (p == head) {
                    int r = tryAcquireShared(arg);
                    if (r >= 0) {
                        setHeadAndPropagate(node, r);
                        p.next = null; // help GC
                        failed = false;
                        return;
                    }
                }
                if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
                        parkAndCheckInterrupt())
                    throw new InterruptedException();
            }
        } finally {
            if (failed)
                cancelAcquire(node);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Acquires in shared timed mode.
     *
     * @param arg the acquire argument
     * @param nanosTimeout max wait time
     * @return {@code true} if acquired
     */
    private boolean doAcquireSharedNanos(int arg, long nanosTimeout)
            throws InterruptedException {
        if (nanosTimeout <= 0L)
            return false;
        final long deadline = System.nanoTime() + nanosTimeout;
        final Node node = addWaiter(Node.SHARED);
        boolean failed = true;
        try {
            for (;;) {
                final Node p = node.predecessor();
                if (p == head) {
                    int r = tryAcquireShared(arg);
                    if (r >= 0) {
                        setHeadAndPropagate(node, r);
                        p.next = null; // help GC
                        failed = false;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                nanosTimeout = deadline - System.nanoTime();
                if (nanosTimeout <= 0L)
                    return false;
                if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
                        nanosTimeout > spinForTimeoutThreshold)
                    LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanosTimeout);
                if (Thread.interrupted())
                    throw new InterruptedException();
            }
        } finally {
            if (failed)
                cancelAcquire(node);
        }
    }

    // Main exported methods

    /**
     * 尝试获取独占锁，可指定锁的获取数量
     */
    protected boolean tryAcquire(int arg) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    /**
     * 尝试释放独占锁，在子类当中实现
     */
    protected boolean tryRelease(int arg) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    /**
     * 共享式：共享式地获取同步状态。对于独占式同步组件来讲，同一时刻只有一个线程能获取到同步状态，
     * 其他线程都得去排队等待，其待重写的尝试获取同步状态的方法tryAcquire返回值为boolean，这很容易理解；
     * 对于共享式同步组件来讲，同一时刻可以有多个线程同时获取到同步状态，这也是“共享”的意义所在。
     * 本方法待被之类覆盖实现具体逻辑
     *  1.当返回值大于0时，表示获取同步状态成功，同时还有剩余同步状态可供其他线程获取；
     *
     *　2.当返回值等于0时，表示获取同步状态成功，但没有可用同步状态了；

     *　3.当返回值小于0时，表示获取同步状态失败。
     */
    protected int tryAcquireShared(int arg) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    /**
     * 释放共享锁，具体实现在子类当中实现
     */
    protected boolean tryReleaseShared(int arg) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    /**
     * 当前线程是否持有独占锁
     */
    protected boolean isHeldExclusively() {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    /**
     * 获取独占锁
     */
    public final void acquire(int arg) {
        //尝试获取锁
        if (!tryAcquire(arg) &&
                acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))//独占模式
            selfInterrupt();
    }

    /**
     * 
     */
    public final void acquireInterruptibly(int arg)
            throws InterruptedException {
        if (Thread.interrupted())
            throw new InterruptedException();
        if (!tryAcquire(arg))
            doAcquireInterruptibly(arg);
    }

    /**
     * 获取独占锁，设置最大等待时间
     */
    public final boolean tryAcquireNanos(int arg, long nanosTimeout)
            throws InterruptedException {
        if (Thread.interrupted())
            throw new InterruptedException();
        return tryAcquire(arg) ||
                doAcquireNanos(arg, nanosTimeout);
    }

    /**
     * 释放独占模式持有的锁
     */
    public final boolean release(int arg) {
        if (tryRelease(arg)) {//释放一次锁
            Node h = head;
            if (h != null && h.waitStatus != 0)
                unparkSuccessor(h);//唤醒后继结点
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 请求获取共享锁
     */
    public final void acquireShared(int arg) {
        if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0)//返回值小于0，获取同步状态失败，排队去；获取同步状态成功，直接返回去干自己的事儿。
            doAcquireShared(arg);
    }


    /**
     * Releases in shared mode.  Implemented by unblocking one or more
     * threads if {@link #tryReleaseShared} returns true.
     *
     * @param arg the release argument.  This value is conveyed to
     *        {@link #tryReleaseShared} but is otherwise uninterpreted
     *        and can represent anything you like.
     * @return the value returned from {@link #tryReleaseShared}
     */
    public final boolean releaseShared(int arg) {
        if (tryReleaseShared(arg)) {
            doReleaseShared();
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    // Queue inspection methods

    public final boolean hasQueuedThreads() {
        return head != tail;
    }

    public final boolean hasContended() {
        return head != null;
    }

    public final Thread getFirstQueuedThread() {
        // handle only fast path, else relay
        return (head == tail) ? null : fullGetFirstQueuedThread();
    }

    /**
     * Version of getFirstQueuedThread called when fastpath fails
     */
    private Thread fullGetFirstQueuedThread() {
        Node h, s;
        Thread st;
        if (((h = head) != null && (s = h.next) != null &&
                s.prev == head && (st = s.thread) != null) ||
                ((h = head) != null && (s = h.next) != null &&
                        s.prev == head && (st = s.thread) != null))
            return st;

        Node t = tail;
        Thread firstThread = null;
        while (t != null && t != head) {
            Thread tt = t.thread;
            if (tt != null)
                firstThread = tt;
            t = t.prev;
        }
        return firstThread;
    }

    /**
     * 判断当前线程是否在队列当中
     */
    public final boolean isQueued(Thread thread) {
        if (thread == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        for (Node p = tail; p != null; p = p.prev)
            if (p.thread == thread)
                return true;
        return false;
    }

    final boolean apparentlyFirstQueuedIsExclusive() {
        Node h, s;
        return (h = head) != null &&
                (s = h.next)  != null &&
                !s.isShared()         &&
                s.thread != null;
    }

    /**
     * 判断当前节点是否有前驱节点
     */
    public final boolean hasQueuedPredecessors() {
        Node t = tail; // Read fields in reverse initialization order
        Node h = head;
        Node s;
        return h != t &&
                ((s = h.next) == null || s.thread != Thread.currentThread());
    }


    // Instrumentation and monitoring methods

    /**
     * 同步队列长度
     */
    public final int getQueueLength() {
        int n = 0;
        for (Node p = tail; p != null; p = p.prev) {
            if (p.thread != null)
                ++n;
        }
        return n;
    }

    /**
     * 获取队列等待thread集合
     */
    public final Collection<Thread> getQueuedThreads() {
        ArrayList<Thread> list = new ArrayList<Thread>();
        for (Node p = tail; p != null; p = p.prev) {
            Thread t = p.thread;
            if (t != null)
                list.add(t);
        }
        return list;
    }

    /**
     * 获取独占模式等待thread线程集合
     */
    public final Collection<Thread> getExclusiveQueuedThreads() {
        ArrayList<Thread> list = new ArrayList<Thread>();
        for (Node p = tail; p != null; p = p.prev) {
            if (!p.isShared()) {
                Thread t = p.thread;
                if (t != null)
                    list.add(t);
            }
        }
        return list;
    }

    /**
     * 获取共享模式等待thread集合
     */
    public final Collection<Thread> getSharedQueuedThreads() {
        ArrayList<Thread> list = new ArrayList<Thread>();
        for (Node p = tail; p != null; p = p.prev) {
            if (p.isShared()) {
                Thread t = p.thread;
                if (t != null)
                    list.add(t);
            }
        }
        return list;
    }


    // Internal support methods for Conditions

    /**
     * 判断节点是否在同步队列中
     */
    final boolean isOnSyncQueue(Node node) {
        //快速判断1：节点状态或者节点没有前置节点
        //注：同步队列是有头节点的，而条件队列没有
        if (node.waitStatus == Node.CONDITION || node.prev == null)
            return false;
        //快速判断2：next字段只有同步队列才会使用，条件队列中使用的是nextWaiter字段
        if (node.next != null) // If has successor, it must be on queue
            return true;
        //上面如果无法判断则进入复杂判断
        return findNodeFromTail(node);
    }

    private boolean findNodeFromTail(Node node) {
        Node t = tail;
        for (;;) {
            if (t == node)
                return true;
            if (t == null)
                return false;
            t = t.prev;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 将节点从条件队列当中移动到同步队列当中，等待获取锁
     */
    final boolean transferForSignal(Node node) {
        /*
         * 修改节点信号量状态为0，失败直接返回false
         */
        if (!compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, Node.CONDITION, 0))
            return false;

        /*
         * 加入同步队列尾部当中，返回前驱节点
         */
        Node p = enq(node);
        int ws = p.waitStatus;
        //前驱节点不可用 或者 修改信号量状态失败
        if (ws > 0 || !compareAndSetWaitStatus(p, ws, Node.SIGNAL))
            LockSupport.unpark(node.thread); //唤醒当前节点
        return true;
    }

    final boolean transferAfterCancelledWait(Node node) {
        if (compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, Node.CONDITION, 0)) {
            enq(node);
            return true;
        }
        /*
         * If we lost out to a signal(), then we can't proceed
         * until it finishes its enq().  Cancelling during an
         * incomplete transfer is both rare and transient, so just
         * spin.
         */
        while (!isOnSyncQueue(node))
            Thread.yield();
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 入参就是新创建的节点，即当前节点
     */
    final int fullyRelease(Node node) {
        boolean failed = true;
        try {
            //这里这个取值要注意，获取当前的state并释放，这从另一个角度说明必须是独占锁
            //可以考虑下这个逻辑放在共享锁下面会发生什么？
            int savedState = getState();
            if (release(savedState)) {
                failed = false;
                return savedState;
            } else {
                //如果这里释放失败，则抛出异常
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            }
        } finally {
            /**
             * 如果释放锁失败，则把节点取消，由这里就能看出来上面添加节点的逻辑中
             * 只需要判断最后一个节点是否被取消就可以了
             */
            if (failed)
                node.waitStatus = Node.CANCELLED;
        }
    }

    // Instrumentation methods for conditions

    public final boolean hasWaiters(ConditionObject condition) {
        if (!owns(condition))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not owner");
        return condition.hasWaiters();
    }

    /**
     * 获取条件队列长度
     */
    public final int getWaitQueueLength(ConditionObject condition) {
        if (!owns(condition))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not owner");
        return condition.getWaitQueueLength();
    }

    /**
     * 获取条件队列当中所有等待的thread集合
     */
    public final Collection<Thread> getWaitingThreads(ConditionObject condition) {
        if (!owns(condition))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not owner");
        return condition.getWaitingThreads();
    }

    /**
     * 条件对象，实现基于条件的具体行为
     */
    public class ConditionObject implements Condition, java.io.Serializable {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1173984872572414699L;
        /** First node of condition queue. */
        private transient Node firstWaiter;
        /** Last node of condition queue. */
        private transient Node lastWaiter;

        /**
         * Creates a new {@code ConditionObject} instance.
         */
        public ConditionObject() { }

        // Internal methods

        /**
         * 1.与同步队列不同，条件队列头尾指针是firstWaiter跟lastWaiter
         * 2.条件队列是在获取锁之后，也就是临界区进行操作，因此很多地方不用考虑并发
         */
        private Node addConditionWaiter() {
            Node t = lastWaiter;
            //如果最后一个节点被取消，则删除队列中被取消的节点
            //至于为啥是最后一个节点后面会分析
            if (t != null && t.waitStatus != Node.CONDITION) {
                //删除所有被取消的节点
                unlinkCancelledWaiters();
                t = lastWaiter;
            }
            //创建一个类型为CONDITION的节点并加入队列，由于在临界区，所以这里不用并发控制
            Node node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), Node.CONDITION);
            if (t == null)
                firstWaiter = node;
            else
                t.nextWaiter = node;
            lastWaiter = node;
            return node;
        }

        /**
         * 发信号，通知遍历条件队列当中的节点转移到同步队列当中，准备排队获取锁
         */
        private void doSignal(Node first) {
            do {
                if ( (firstWaiter = first.nextWaiter) == null)
                    lastWaiter = null;
                first.nextWaiter = null;
            } while (!transferForSignal(first) && //转移节点
                    (first = firstWaiter) != null);
        }

        /**
         * 通知所有节点移动到同步队列当中，并将节点从条件队列删除
         */
        private void doSignalAll(Node first) {
            lastWaiter = firstWaiter = null;
            do {
                Node next = first.nextWaiter;
                first.nextWaiter = null;
                transferForSignal(first);
                first = next;
            } while (first != null);
        }

        /**
         * 删除条件队列当中被取消的节点
         */
        private void unlinkCancelledWaiters() {
            Node t = firstWaiter;
            Node trail = null;
            while (t != null) {
                Node next = t.nextWaiter;
                if (t.waitStatus != Node.CONDITION) {
                    t.nextWaiter = null;
                    if (trail == null)
                        firstWaiter = next;
                    else
                        trail.nextWaiter = next;
                    if (next == null)
                        lastWaiter = trail;
                }
                else
                    trail = t;
                t = next;
            }
        }

        // public methods

        /**
         * 发新号，通知条件队列当中节点到同步队列当中去排队
         */
        public final void signal() {
            if (!isHeldExclusively())//节点不能已经持有独占锁
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            Node first = firstWaiter;
            if (first != null)
                /**
                 * 发信号通知条件队列的节点准备到同步队列当中去排队
                 */
                doSignal(first);
        }

        /**
         * 唤醒所有条件队列的节点转移到同步队列当中
         */
            public final void signalAll() {
            if (!isHeldExclusively())
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            Node first = firstWaiter;
            if (first != null)
                doSignalAll(first);
        }

        /**
         * Implements uninterruptible condition wait.
         * <ol>
         * <li> Save lock state returned by {@link #getState}.
         * <li> Invoke {@link #release} with saved state as argument,
         *      throwing IllegalMonitorStateException if it fails.
         * <li> Block until signalled.
         * <li> Reacquire by invoking specialized version of
         *      {@link #acquire} with saved state as argument.
         * </ol>
         */
        public final void awaitUninterruptibly() {
            Node node = addConditionWaiter();
            int savedState = fullyRelease(node);
            boolean interrupted = false;
            while (!isOnSyncQueue(node)) {
                LockSupport.park(this);
                if (Thread.interrupted())
                    interrupted = true;
            }
            if (acquireQueued(node, savedState) || interrupted)
                selfInterrupt();
        }

        /** 该模式表示在退出等待时重新中断 */
        private static final int REINTERRUPT =  1;
        /** 异常中断 */
        private static final int THROW_IE    = -1;

        /**
         * 这里的判断逻辑是：
         * 1.如果现在不是中断的，即正常被signal唤醒则返回0
         * 2.如果节点由中断加入同步队列则返回THROW_IE，由signal加入同步队列则返回REINTERRUPT
         */
        private int checkInterruptWhileWaiting(Node node) {
            return Thread.interrupted() ?
                    (transferAfterCancelledWait(node) ? THROW_IE : REINTERRUPT) :
                    0;
        }

        /**
         * 根据中断时机选择抛出异常或者设置线程中断状态
         */
        private void reportInterruptAfterWait(int interruptMode)
                throws InterruptedException {
            if (interruptMode == THROW_IE)
                throw new InterruptedException();
            else if (interruptMode == REINTERRUPT)
                selfInterrupt();
        }

        /**
         * 加入条件队列等待，条件队列入口
         */
        public final void await() throws InterruptedException {

            //T2进来
            //如果当前线程被中断则直接抛出异常
            if (Thread.interrupted())
                throw new InterruptedException();
            //把当前节点加入条件队列
            Node node = addConditionWaiter();
            //释放掉已经获取的独占锁资源
            int savedState = fullyRelease(node);//T2释放锁
            int interruptMode = 0;
            //如果不在同步队列中则不断挂起
            while (!isOnSyncQueue(node)) {
                LockSupport.park(this);//T1被阻塞
                //这里被唤醒可能是正常的signal操作也可能是中断
                if ((interruptMode = checkInterruptWhileWaiting(node)) != 0)
                    break;
            }
            /**
             * 走到这里说明节点已经条件满足被加入到了同步队列中或者中断了
             * 这个方法很熟悉吧？就跟独占锁调用同样的获取锁方法，从这里可以看出条件队列只能用于独占锁
             * 在处理中断之前首先要做的是从同步队列中成功获取锁资源
             */
            if (acquireQueued(node, savedState) && interruptMode != THROW_IE)
                interruptMode = REINTERRUPT;
            //走到这里说明已经成功获取到了独占锁，接下来就做些收尾工作
            //删除条件队列中被取消的节点
            if (node.nextWaiter != null) // clean up if cancelled
                unlinkCancelledWaiters();
            //根据不同模式处理中断
            if (interruptMode != 0)
                reportInterruptAfterWait(interruptMode);
        }


        /**
         * Implements timed condition wait.
         * <ol>
         * <li> If current thread is interrupted, throw InterruptedException.
         * <li> Save lock state returned by {@link #getState}.
         * <li> Invoke {@link #release} with saved state as argument,
         *      throwing IllegalMonitorStateException if it fails.
         * <li> Block until signalled, interrupted, or timed out.
         * <li> Reacquire by invoking specialized version of
         *      {@link #acquire} with saved state as argument.
         * <li> If interrupted while blocked in step 4, throw InterruptedException.
         * <li> If timed out while blocked in step 4, return false, else true.
         * </ol>
         */
        public final boolean await(long time, TimeUnit unit)
                throws InterruptedException {
            long nanosTimeout = unit.toNanos(time);
            if (Thread.interrupted())
                throw new InterruptedException();
            Node node = addConditionWaiter();
            int savedState = fullyRelease(node);
            final long deadline = System.nanoTime() + nanosTimeout;
            boolean timedout = false;
            int interruptMode = 0;
            while (!isOnSyncQueue(node)) {
                if (nanosTimeout <= 0L) {
                    timedout = transferAfterCancelledWait(node);
                    break;
                }
                if (nanosTimeout >= spinForTimeoutThreshold)
                    LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanosTimeout);
                if ((interruptMode = checkInterruptWhileWaiting(node)) != 0)
                    break;
                nanosTimeout = deadline - System.nanoTime();
            }
            if (acquireQueued(node, savedState) && interruptMode != THROW_IE)
                interruptMode = REINTERRUPT;
            if (node.nextWaiter != null)
                unlinkCancelledWaiters();
            if (interruptMode != 0)
                reportInterruptAfterWait(interruptMode);
            return !timedout;
        }


        final boolean isOwnedBy(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer sync) {
            return sync == AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.this;
        }

        /**
         * Queries whether any threads are waiting on this condition.
         * Implements {@link AbstractQueuedSynchronizer#hasWaiters(ConditionObject)}.
         *
         * @return {@code true} if there are any waiting threads
         * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if {@link #isHeldExclusively}
         *         returns {@code false}
         */
        protected final boolean hasWaiters() {
            if (!isHeldExclusively())
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            for (Node w = firstWaiter; w != null; w = w.nextWaiter) {
                if (w.waitStatus == Node.CONDITION)
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

        /**
         * Returns an estimate of the number of threads waiting on
         * this condition.
         * Implements {@link AbstractQueuedSynchronizer#getWaitQueueLength(ConditionObject)}.
         *
         * @return the estimated number of waiting threads
         * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if {@link #isHeldExclusively}
         *         returns {@code false}
         */
        protected final int getWaitQueueLength() {
            if (!isHeldExclusively())
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            int n = 0;
            for (Node w = firstWaiter; w != null; w = w.nextWaiter) {
                if (w.waitStatus == Node.CONDITION)
                    ++n;
            }
            return n;
        }

        /**
         * 得到同步队列当中所有在等待的Thread集合
         */
        protected final Collection<Thread> getWaitingThreads() {
            if (!isHeldExclusively())
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            ArrayList<Thread> list = new ArrayList<Thread>();
            for (Node w = firstWaiter; w != null; w = w.nextWaiter) {
                if (w.waitStatus == Node.CONDITION) {
                    Thread t = w.thread;
                    if (t != null)
                        list.add(t);
                }
            }
            return list;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Setup to support compareAndSet. We need to natively implement
     * this here: For the sake of permitting future enhancements, we
     * cannot explicitly subclass AtomicInteger, which would be
     * efficient and useful otherwise. So, as the lesser of evils, we
     * natively implement using hotspot intrinsics API. And while we
     * are at it, we do the same for other CASable fields (which could
     * otherwise be done with atomic field updaters).
     * unsafe魔法类，直接绕过虚拟机内存管理机制，修改内存
     */
    private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
    //偏移量
    private static final long stateOffset;
    private static final long headOffset;
    private static final long tailOffset;
    private static final long waitStatusOffset;
    private static final long nextOffset;

    static {
        try {
            //状态偏移量
            stateOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
                    (AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.class.getDeclaredField("state"));
            //head指针偏移量，head指向CLH队列的头部
            headOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
                    (AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.class.getDeclaredField("head"));
            tailOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
                    (AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.class.getDeclaredField("tail"));
            waitStatusOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
                    (Node.class.getDeclaredField("waitStatus"));
            nextOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
                    (Node.class.getDeclaredField("next"));

        } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Error(ex); }
    }

    /**
     * CAS 修改头部节点指向. 并发入队时使用.
     */
    private final boolean compareAndSetHead(Node update) {
        return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(this, headOffset, null, update);
    }

    /**
     * CAS 修改尾部节点指向. 并发入队时使用.
     */
    private final boolean compareAndSetTail(Node expect, Node update) {
        return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(this, tailOffset, expect, update);
    }

    /**
     * CAS 修改信号量状态.
     */
    private static final boolean compareAndSetWaitStatus(Node node,
                                                         int expect,
                                                         int update) {
        return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(node, waitStatusOffset,
                expect, update);
    }

    /**
     * 修改节点的后继指针.
     */
    private static final boolean compareAndSetNext(Node node,
                                                   Node expect,
                                                   Node update) {
        return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(node, nextOffset, expect, update);
    }
}


AQS框架具体实现-独占锁实现ReentrantLock

public class ReentrantLock implements Lock, java.io.Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 7373984872572414699L;
    /**
     * 内部调用AQS的动作，都基于该成员属性实现
     */
    private final Sync sync;

    /**
     * ReentrantLock锁同步操作的基础类,继承自AQS框架.
     * 该类有两个继承类，1、NonfairSync 非公平锁，2、FairSync公平锁
     */
        abstract static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -5179523762034025860L;

        /**
         * 加锁的具体行为由子类实现
         */
        abstract void lock();

        /**
         * 尝试获取非公平锁
         */
        final boolean nonfairTryAcquire(int acquires) {
            //acquires = 1
            final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            /**
             * 不需要判断同步队列（CLH）中是否有排队等待线程
             * 判断state状态是否为0，不为0可以加锁
             */
            if (c == 0) {
                //unsafe操作，cas修改state状态
                if (compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
                    //独占状态锁持有者指向当前线程
                    setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            /**
             * state状态不为0，判断锁持有者是否是当前线程，
             * 如果是当前线程持有 则state+1
             */
            else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
                int nextc = c + acquires;
                if (nextc < 0) // overflow
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                setState(nextc);
                return true;
            }
            //加锁失败
            return false;
        }

        /**
         * 释放锁
         */
        protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
            int c = getState() - releases;
            if (Thread.currentThread() != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            boolean free = false;
            if (c == 0) {
                free = true;
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
            }
            setState(c);
            return free;
        }

        /**
         * 判断持有独占锁的线程是否是当前线程
         */
        protected final boolean isHeldExclusively() {
            return getExclusiveOwnerThread() == Thread.currentThread();
        }

        //返回条件对象
        final ConditionObject newCondition() {
            return new ConditionObject();
        }


        final Thread getOwner() {
            return getState() == 0 ? null : getExclusiveOwnerThread();
        }

        final int getHoldCount() {
            return isHeldExclusively() ? getState() : 0;
        }

        final boolean isLocked() {
            return getState() != 0;
        }

        /**
         * Reconstitutes the instance from a stream (that is, deserializes it).
         */
        private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
                throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
            s.defaultReadObject();
            setState(0); // reset to unlocked state
        }
    }

    /**
     * 非公平锁
     */
    static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7316153563782823691L;
        /**
         * 加锁行为
         */
        final void lock() {
            /**
             * 第一步：直接尝试加锁
             * 与公平锁实现的加锁行为一个最大的区别在于，此处不会去判断同步队列(CLH队列)中
             * 是否有排队等待加锁的节点，上来直接加锁（判断state是否为0,CAS修改state为1）
             * ，并将独占锁持有者 exclusiveOwnerThread 属性指向当前线程
             * 如果当前有人占用锁，再尝试去加一次锁
             */
            if (compareAndSetState(0, 1))
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
            else
                //AQS定义的方法,加锁
                acquire(1);
        }

        /**
         * 父类AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.acquire()中调用本方法
         */
        protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
            return nonfairTryAcquire(acquires);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 公平锁
     */
    static final class FairSync extends Sync {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -3000897897090466540L;
        final void lock() {
            acquire(1);
        }
        /**
         * 重写aqs中的方法逻辑
         * 尝试加锁，被AQS的acquire()方法调用
         */
        protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
            final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            if (c == 0) {
                /**
                 * 与非公平锁中的区别，需要先判断队列当中是否有等待的节点
                 * 如果没有则可以尝试CAS获取锁
                 */
                if (!hasQueuedPredecessors() &&
                        compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
                    //独占线程指向当前线程
                    setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
                int nextc = c + acquires;
                if (nextc < 0)
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                setState(nextc);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 默认构造函数，创建非公平锁对象
     */
    public ReentrantLock() {
        sync = new NonfairSync();
    }

    /**
     * 根据要求创建公平锁或非公平锁
     */
    public ReentrantLock(boolean fair) {
        sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
    }

    /**
     * 加锁
     */
    public void lock() {
        sync.lock();
    }

    /**
     * 尝试获去取锁，获取失败被阻塞，线程被中断直接抛出异常
     */
    public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {
        sync.acquireInterruptibly(1);
    }

    /**
     * 尝试加锁
     */
    public boolean tryLock() {
        return sync.nonfairTryAcquire(1);
    }

    /**
     * 指定等待时间内尝试加锁
     */
    public boolean tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
            throws InterruptedException {
        return sync.tryAcquireNanos(1, unit.toNanos(timeout));
    }

    /**
     * 尝试去释放锁
     */
    public void unlock() {
        sync.release(1);
    }

    /**
     * 返回条件对象
     */
    public Condition newCondition() {
        return sync.newCondition();
    }

    /**
     * 返回当前线程持有的state状态数量
     */
    public int getHoldCount() {
        return sync.getHoldCount();
    }

    /**
     * 查询当前线程是否持有锁
     */
    public boolean isHeldByCurrentThread() {
        return sync.isHeldExclusively();
    }

    /**
     * 状态表示是否被Thread加锁持有
     */
    public boolean isLocked() {
        return sync.isLocked();
    }

    /**
     * 是否公平锁？是返回true 否则返回 false
     */
    public final boolean isFair() {
        return sync instanceof FairSync;
    }

    /**
     * 获取持有锁的当前线程
     */
    protected Thread getOwner() {
        return sync.getOwner();
    }

    /**
     * 判断队列当中是否有在等待获取锁的Thread节点
     */
    public final boolean hasQueuedThreads() {
        return sync.hasQueuedThreads();
    }

    /**
     * 当前线程是否在同步队列中等待
     */
    public final boolean hasQueuedThread(Thread thread) {
        return sync.isQueued(thread);
    }

    /**
     * 获取同步队列长度
     */
    public final int getQueueLength() {
        return sync.getQueueLength();
    }

    /**
     * 返回Thread集合，排队中的所有节点Thread会被返回
     */
    protected Collection<Thread> getQueuedThreads() {
        return sync.getQueuedThreads();
    }

    /**
     * 条件队列当中是否有正在等待的节点
     */
    public boolean hasWaiters(Condition condition) {
        if (condition == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        if (!(condition instanceof AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("not owner");
        return sync.hasWaiters((AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject)condition);
    }

}