重回ubutntu12.04小记(装完ubuntu做的几件事)
原来一直是在windows下用虚拟机跑redhat 和debian 做实验和一些工程,以前也装过ubuntu和windows双系统,但是换电脑后,就一直懒得捣鼓了。
现在,由于长期需要在linux上做开发,就干脆重新装回ubutnu,为什么选择ubutnu而不是其他的发行版,原因也很简单:作为日用,它的桌面系统还是做的比较好的,APT安软件也比较方便
这次,还是用wubi装系统的,等后期再迁移吧。
用wubi装系统简单(但是好像13.04就不再支持了,先不做任何评价),只要把wubi.exe和 Ubuntu*.iso 的包放在某一空闲分区的根目录下,运行wubi就可以了,重启后就会自动安装,这里提醒一点一定要在断网情况下安装,不然等待时间,真是漫长.
安装好ubutnu,看到熟悉界面,很是欣喜,不多说
第一件事:更新源
因为我是用的教育网,所以,首选教育网的更新源,测试了很多,发现还是如下的源合适,当然,其他的可以选用163,sohu,cn99的源,网上都有,也可以先下载一个apt-spy在用它来更新源
1.sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list sources_backup
2.sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
3.复制下面,粘贴
4.sudo apt-get update
5.sudo apt-get upgrade
(如果要升级内核,sudo apt-get dist-upgrade)
点击(此处)折叠或打开
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#北京交通大学
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deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
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deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
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deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
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deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
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deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe
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deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
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deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
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deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
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deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
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deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe
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#清华
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deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
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#上海交通大学
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deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
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deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
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deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
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deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
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deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe
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deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
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deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe
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deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe
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deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
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deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe
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deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe
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#电子科技大学
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deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
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#中国科技大学
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deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
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deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
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deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy universe multiverse
- deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy universe multiverse
更新源是一个漫长的过程,之后就可以安装自己喜欢的软件啦。
第二件事:装必备软件
1.bleachbit
为什么第一件事装这个东东呢,这是做系统清理的,刚刚跟新完,肯定很多垃圾要清理,装这个挺好
2.rar
sudo apt-get install rar
自动安装,这个以后很有用,因为网上下的东西很多rar格式
3.vim
sudo apt-get install vim
不说了,编程利器
4.wps for linux
这个官网有提供,装完可能会出现字体错误,点击解决方案进去后,把帖子中的*.ttf 复制到/etc/fonts/wps*下
可以用sudo cp *.tty /usr/share/fonts/wps*
5.foxid阅读器
6.装解码器
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras
也可以装win32codecs,这个可以播放mkv等多种格式,得百度一下,有人提供的
这里我自己保存了一份
7.装qtcreator
这是我需要用的
1)装依赖包
sudo apt-get install libglib2.0-dev libSM-dev libxrender-dev libfontconfig1-dev libxext-dev libglui-dev
2)装编译工具
sudo apt-get install g++ make cmake pkg-config
3)下载qt*.bin文件
4)sudo ./qt*.bin 运行安装
5).在/etc/profile文件末尾加上下面四行
点击(此处)折叠或打开
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QTDIR=/opt/qtsdk-2010.02/qt
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PATH=$QTDIR/bin:$PATH
- LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$QTDIR/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATexport QTDIR PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH
其中第一行是qt这个目录所在的路径,而第二行是qmake可执行程序的路径,第三行是一个库的路径,第四行输出路径。
6)保存好后,执行: source /etc/profile ,使当前正被调用的我们刚修改过的profile文件立即生效,而不必注销并重新登录;
如果遇到图标问题,请使用sudo 打开creator
8.装wine,wineqq2012
http://www.winehq.org/download/ubuntu
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-05/59564.htm
9.xgcom
图形化的串口工具
首先,安装编译必须的库:
sudo apt-get install make automake libglib2.0-dev libvte-dev libgtk2.0-dev
下载源码
左边的Downloads:http://code.google.com/p/xgcom/
解压
tar -zxvf ****.tar.gz
tar -jxvf ****.tar.bz(或bz2)
用CD命令进入解压缩后的目录
zyx@zyx-desktop:~/Desktop$ cd xgcom.0.04.1/
zyx@zyx-desktop:~/Desktop/xgcom.0.04.1$
输入编译文件命令:./configure
然后编译,命令:make
将用户组加入dialout
sudo gpasswd -a yourname dialout
注销
查看用户属于哪些用户组:groups
第三件事:美化
1.装gnome,macbuntu
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-06/61996.htm
可以顺带删除unity
http://blog.csdn.net/thanklife/article/details/7207060
还得装个tweak
2.可以替换docky为cairo-dock
http://swsw4321.blog.163.com/blog/static/32452452009101374951564/
这里顺带装gconf-editor