构建之法--软件工程学习随笔之二

      大三下学期第二周,有时候不得不感叹,在匆忙中时间真的过得好快,一转眼就过去了一周。软件工程的个人项目作业又来了一个新的任务,在上周自动生成30道小学数学加减法题、并能够判断对错的基础上,根据自己情况选择扩展如下的功能:

  • 题目避免重复,可制定打印数量和打印方式。
  • 是否有乘除法。
  • 是否有括号。
  • 数值范围。
  • 加减有无负数。
  • 除法有无余数。
  • 是否支持分数(真分数、假分数...)。
  • 是否支持小树(精确到多少位?)。
  • 打印中每行的间隔。

      在上周的作业中,确实小看了这道题目。上周的作业中,就用了随机数发生器的初始化函数srand和随机函数rand,并且完全没有模块化。显然,在这周的作业中是行不通的。

      因此,这周不得不采取模块化的方式:

      所用函数览表:

void menu ();              //目录
void jiben (int m,int n);  //基本算式
void fenshu (int m,int n); //分数算式
void zonghe (int m,int n); //综合算式
int gongyue (int m,int n); //分数求最大公约数
void huajian(int m,int n); //分数化简

      目录函数:

void menu ()  //目录
{
    int a,m = 0,n = 0;
    printf ("\t请选择题目难度:\n\n");
    printf ("    1.基本运算    2.分数运算\n    3.综合运算    4.退出程序\n");
    scanf ("%d",&a);
    switch (a)
    {
    case 1:jiben (m,n);break;
    case 2:fenshu (m,n);break;
    case 3:zonghe (m,n);break;
    default :break;
    }
}

      采用了switch-case语句。选择所要的操作。

      基本算式函数:

void jiben (int m,int n)
{
    int i,x,s,y;
    srand (time (NULL));
    for (i = 0;i < 30;i ++)
    {
        x = rand ()%4;
        m = rand ()%100;
        n = rand ()%100;
        if (x == 0)
        {
            printf ("%d + %d = ",m,n);
            scanf ("%d",&s);
            if (m + n == s)
                printf ("回答正确。");
            else
                printf ("回答错误,正确答案是:%d。",m + n);
        }
        else if (x == 1)
        {
            printf ("%d - %d = ",m,n);
            scanf ("%d",&s);
            if (m - n == s)
                printf ("回答正确。");
            else
                printf ("回答错误,正确答案是:%d。",m - n);
        }
        else if (x == 2)
        {
            printf ("%d * %d = ",m,n);
            scanf ("%d",&s);
            if (m * n == s)
                printf ("回答正确。");
            else
                printf ("回答错误,正确答案是:%d。",m * n);
        }
        else 
        {
            if (n != 0)
            {
                printf ("%d / %d = ",m,n);
                scanf ("%d",&s);
                scanf("%d",&y);
                if ((m / n == s)&&(m % n == y))
                    printf ("回答正确。");
                else
                    printf ("回答错误,正确答案是:%d %d。",m / n,m % n);
            }
            else break;
        }
        printf ("请继续做题...\n");
    }
}

      基本算式函数可以实现两位数的加、减、乘、除算法,同时,除法可以实现商和余数的结果判断。只有在商和余数都回答正确时才提示答案正确,否则答案错误。在所有的基本算式题目中,如果做出回答,会立即判断正误。如果回答错误,会立即给出正确答案,以供重算、反省。

      分数算式函数:

void fenshu (int m,int n)  //分数算式函数
{
    int i,a,s,x,y;
    srand (time (NULL));
    for (i = 0;i < 30;i ++)
    {
        a = rand ()%4;
        m = rand ()%10 + 1;
        n = rand ()%10 + 1;
        x = rand ()%10 + 1;
        y = rand ()%10 + 1;
        if (a == 0)
        {
            printf ("%d/%d + %d/%d = ",m,n,x,y);
            s = gongyue (n,y);
            m = (s / n) * m + (s / y)*x;
            n = s;
            huajian (m,n);
        }
        else if (a == 1)
        {
            printf ("%d/%d - %d/%d = ",m,n,x,y);
            s = gongyue (n,y);
            m = (s / n) * m - (s / y)*x;
            n = s;
            huajian (m,n);
        }
        else if (a == 3)
        {
            printf ("%d/%d * %d/%d = ",m,n,x,y);
            m = m * x;
            n = n * y;
            huajian (m,n);
        }
        else
        {
            printf ("%d/%d / %d/%d = ",m,n,x,y);
            m = m * y;
            n = n * x;
            huajian (m,n);
        }
        printf ("请继续做题...\n");
    }
}

      在分数算式函数中,调用了求最大公约数函数和化简函数:

int gongyue (int m,int n)
{
    int x = m <n ? m :n;
    while ((x % m) != 0||(x % n) != 0 )
        x ++;
    return x;
}

      求最大公约数函数中,首先申请一个变量,把所要求公约数的两个分数的分母中较小的一个数放在变量中。做while循环,变量内容逐渐加1,直到该数同时满足整除两个分数的分母时,该变量内容即是最大公约数。并返回最大公约数。

      分数化简函数:

void huajian (int m,int n)  //分数化简函数
{
    int a,b,x,y;
    a = abs(m);
    b = abs(n);
    int i = a < b?a : b;
    if (i > 1)
    {
        while (i != 1)
        {
            if ((a%i ==0)&&(b%i == 0))
            {
                a = a/i;
                b = b/i;
            }
            i --;
        }
    }
    scanf ("%d%d",&x,&y);
    if (a == x&&b == y)
        printf ("回答正确。");
    else 
    {
        if (b == 1)
        {
            printf ("回答错误。正确答案是:");
            if ((m > 0 &&n < 0)||(m < 0 ||n > 0))
                printf ("-");
            printf ("%d。",a);
        }
        else
        {
            printf ("回答错误。正确答案是:");
            if ((m > 0 &&n < 0)||(m < 0&&n > 0))
                printf ("-");
            printf ("%d/%d。",a,b);
        }
    }
}

      在化简函数中,首先申请四个变量,变量a,b用于保存所要化简分数的分子和分母的绝对值,以便后面判断该分数的符号。变量x,y用于输入数据,以便判断结果的正确性。化简过程是找到需要化简得两数的绝对值较小的数,从该数开始到1过程中,发现某数可以被分子和分母的绝对值整除,则分子和分母同时除该数。直到较小数为一为止。最后,输入结果,判断正误。若错误,给出正确结果。

      综合算式函数:

void zonghe (int m,int n)
{
    int i,a,s;
    srand (time (NULL));
    for (i = 0;i <30;i ++)
    {
        a = rand ()%4;
        m = rand ()%20;
        n = rand ()%20;
        if (a == 0)
        {
            printf ("%d + %d ",m,n);
            a = rand ()%4;
            n = rand ()%20;
            if (a == 0)
                printf ("+ %d = ",n);
            else if (a == 1)
                printf ("- %d = ",n);
            else if (a == 2)
                printf ("* %d = ",n);
            else 
            {
                while (n == 0)
                    n = rand ()%20;
                printf ("/ %d = ",n);
            }
            scanf ("%d",&s);
            printf ("请继续做题...\n");
        }
        else if (a == 1)
        {
            printf ("%d - %d ",m,n);
            a = rand ()%4;
            n = rand ()%20;
            if (a == 0)
                printf ("+ %d = ",n);
            else if (a == 1)
                printf ("- %d = ",n);
            else if (a == 2)
                printf ("* %d = ",n);
            else
            {
                while (n == 0)
                    n = rand ()%20;
                printf ("/ %d = ",n);
            }
            scanf ("%d",&s);
            printf ("请继续做题...\n");        
        }
        else if (a == 3)
        {
            printf ("%d * %d ",m,n);
            a = rand ()%4;
            n = rand ()%20;
            if (a == 0)
                printf ("+ %d = ",n);
            else if (a == 1)
                printf ("- %d = ",n);
            else if (a == 2)
                printf ("* %d = ",n);
            else
            {
                while (n == 0)
                    n = rand ()%20;
                printf ("/ %d = ",n);
            }
            scanf ("%d",&s);
            printf ("请继续做题...\n");
        }
        else
        {
            while (n == 0)
                n = rand ()%20;
            printf ("%d / %d ",m,n);
            a = rand ()%4;
            n = rand ()%20;
            if (a == 0)
                printf ("+ %d = ",n);
            else if (a == 1)
                printf ("- %d = ",n);
            else if (a == 2)
                printf ("* %d = ",n);
            else 
            {
                while (n == 0)
                    n = rand ()%20;
                printf ("/ %d = ",n);
            }
            scanf ("%d",&s);
            printf ("请继续做题...\n");
        }
    }

}

      在该函数中,实现了三个数的综合加、减、乘、除运算。由于时间关系,判断正确过程还没写出,等待下周作业中升级。

      菜单选择界面:

      基本算式界面:

      分数算式界面:

      综合算式界面:

      在这次作业中,实现正负数整数的加、减、乘、除法运算,并判断结果正误。实现了约束数值的取值范围。实现除法的商和余数的计算和判断。实现了分数的加、减、乘、除运算,并判断正误。当然,可能还有一些细节不够完善,还有很多代码非常臃肿,完全可以再细分为几个模块完成,不够简洁。也有一些功能还没有完善,如多项式的结果判断等。期待在下次的作业中做得完美。

      附上完整的代码:

// yunsuan.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "time.h"

void menu ();              //目录
void jiben (int m,int n);  //基本算式
void fenshu (int m,int n); //分数算式
void zonghe (int m,int n); //综合算式
int gongyue (int m,int n); //分数求最大公约数
void huajian(int m,int n); //分数化简

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    menu ();
    return 0;
}

void menu ()  //目录
{
    int a,m = 0,n = 0;
    printf ("\t请选择题目难度:\n\n");
    printf ("    1.基本运算    2.分数运算\n    3.综合运算    4.退出程序\n");
    scanf ("%d",&a);
    switch (a)
    {
    case 1:jiben (m,n);break;
    case 2:fenshu (m,n);break;
    case 3:zonghe (m,n);break;
    default :break;
    }
}


void jiben (int m,int n)
{
    int i,x,s,y;
    srand (time (NULL));
    for (i = 0;i < 30;i ++)
    {
        x = rand ()%4;
        m = rand ()%100;
        n = rand ()%100;
        if (x == 0)
        {
            printf ("%d + %d = ",m,n);
            scanf ("%d",&s);
            if (m + n == s)
                printf ("回答正确。");
            else
                printf ("回答错误,正确答案是:%d。",m + n);
        }
        else if (x == 1)
        {
            printf ("%d - %d = ",m,n);
            scanf ("%d",&s);
            if (m - n == s)
                printf ("回答正确。");
            else
                printf ("回答错误,正确答案是:%d。",m - n);
        }
        else if (x == 2)
        {
            printf ("%d * %d = ",m,n);
            scanf ("%d",&s);
            if (m * n == s)
                printf ("回答正确。");
            else
                printf ("回答错误,正确答案是:%d。",m * n);
        }
        else 
        {
            if (n != 0)
            {
                printf ("%d / %d = ",m,n);
                scanf ("%d",&s);
                scanf("%d",&y);
                if ((m / n == s)&&(m % n == y))
                    printf ("回答正确。");
                else
                    printf ("回答错误,正确答案是:%d %d。",m / n,m % n);
            }
            else break;
        }
        printf ("请继续做题...\n");
    }
}

int gongyue (int m,int n)
{
    int x = m <n ? m :n;
    while ((x % m) != 0||(x % n) != 0 )
        x ++;
    return x;
}

void huajian (int m,int n)  //分数化简函数
{
    int a,b,x,y;
    a = abs(m);
    b = abs(n);
    int i = a < b?a : b;
    if (i > 1)
    {
        while (i != 1)
        {
            if ((a%i ==0)&&(b%i == 0))
            {
                a = a/i;
                b = b/i;
            }
            i --;
        }
    }
    scanf ("%d%d",&x,&y);
    if (a == x&&b == y)
        printf ("回答正确。");
    else 
    {
        if (b == 1)
        {
            printf ("回答错误。正确答案是:");
            if ((m > 0 &&n < 0)||(m < 0 ||n > 0))
                printf ("-");
            printf ("%d。",a);
        }
        else
        {
            printf ("回答错误。正确答案是:");
            if ((m > 0 &&n < 0)||(m < 0&&n > 0))
                printf ("-");
            printf ("%d/%d。",a,b);
        }
    }
}

void fenshu (int m,int n)  //分数算式函数
{
    int i,a,s,x,y;
    srand (time (NULL));
    for (i = 0;i < 30;i ++)
    {
        a = rand ()%4;
        m = rand ()%10 + 1;
        n = rand ()%10 + 1;
        x = rand ()%10 + 1;
        y = rand ()%10 + 1;
        if (a == 0)
        {
            printf ("%d/%d + %d/%d = ",m,n,x,y);
            s = gongyue (n,y);
            m = (s / n) * m + (s / y)*x;
            n = s;
            huajian (m,n);
        }
        else if (a == 1)
        {
            printf ("%d/%d - %d/%d = ",m,n,x,y);
            s = gongyue (n,y);
            m = (s / n) * m - (s / y)*x;
            n = s;
            huajian (m,n);
        }
        else if (a == 3)
        {
            printf ("%d/%d * %d/%d = ",m,n,x,y);
            m = m * x;
            n = n * y;
            huajian (m,n);
        }
        else
        {
            printf ("%d/%d / %d/%d = ",m,n,x,y);
            m = m * y;
            n = n * x;
            huajian (m,n);
        }
        printf ("请继续做题...\n");
    }
}

void zonghe (int m,int n)
{
    int i,a,s;
    srand (time (NULL));
    for (i = 0;i <30;i ++)
    {
        a = rand ()%4;
        m = rand ()%20;
        n = rand ()%20;
        if (a == 0)
        {
            printf ("%d + %d ",m,n);
            a = rand ()%4;
            n = rand ()%20;
            if (a == 0)
                printf ("+ %d = ",n);
            else if (a == 1)
                printf ("- %d = ",n);
            else if (a == 2)
                printf ("* %d = ",n);
            else 
            {
                while (n == 0)
                    n = rand ()%20;
                printf ("/ %d = ",n);
            }
            scanf ("%d",&s);
            printf ("请继续做题...\n");
        }
        else if (a == 1)
        {
            printf ("%d - %d ",m,n);
            a = rand ()%4;
            n = rand ()%20;
            if (a == 0)
                printf ("+ %d = ",n);
            else if (a == 1)
                printf ("- %d = ",n);
            else if (a == 2)
                printf ("* %d = ",n);
            else
            {
                while (n == 0)
                    n = rand ()%20;
                printf ("/ %d = ",n);
            }
            scanf ("%d",&s);
            printf ("请继续做题...\n");        
        }
        else if (a == 3)
        {
            printf ("%d * %d ",m,n);
            a = rand ()%4;
            n = rand ()%20;
            if (a == 0)
                printf ("+ %d = ",n);
            else if (a == 1)
                printf ("- %d = ",n);
            else if (a == 2)
                printf ("* %d = ",n);
            else
            {
                while (n == 0)
                    n = rand ()%20;
                printf ("/ %d = ",n);
            }
            scanf ("%d",&s);
            printf ("请继续做题...\n");
        }
        else
        {
            while (n == 0)
                n = rand ()%20;
            printf ("%d / %d ",m,n);
            a = rand ()%4;
            n = rand ()%20;
            if (a == 0)
                printf ("+ %d = ",n);
            else if (a == 1)
                printf ("- %d = ",n);
            else if (a == 2)
                printf ("* %d = ",n);
            else 
            {
                while (n == 0)
                    n = rand ()%20;
                printf ("/ %d = ",n);
            }
            scanf ("%d",&s);
            printf ("请继续做题...\n");
        }
    }

}

 

posted @ 2016-03-14 20:36  明明VISION  阅读(290)  评论(2编辑  收藏  举报