radon变换用于车牌图像倾斜矫正[水平倾斜和垂直倾斜]

  Radon变换定义:下图显示了在指定的旋转角度的单一投影。间距为1个像素的平行光穿过图像,则radon变换计算穿过图像长度上的积分,即

    式中   
 
   旋转角度为θ的平行束投影
 

    f(x,y) 在垂直方向的线积分是f(X,Y)投影到X轴;在水平方向的积分是f(X,Y)投影到Y轴。可以沿任意角度θ计算投影,下图说明了Radon变换沿角度θ的几何形状。

   
   其实可以通俗地理解为将图像上每一个点向一个旋转的新坐标系y'作投影,在得到的投影合集中找到最大投影就能知道图像的最大化为偏角,使用旋转公式就能将图像矫正过来。
  车牌识别中遇到两种倾斜,垂直和水平倾斜。两种倾斜都是因为相机安装位置和监控过车角度没有对好导致。
  垂直倾斜二值图:

  

  水平倾斜二值图:

  

  

  垂直倾斜为菱形扭曲,水平倾斜车牌字符仍保留原来的比例特征。理论上通过从radon变换结果中取得最大投影的角度,然后就可以将图像进行旋转矫正。下面是Matlab实现:

clear all
clc
close all

[inputfilename,dirname] = uigetfile('*.*');
inputfilename = [dirname, inputfilename];
im = imread(inputfilename); % For example: 'input.jpg'

grayImage = rgb2gray(im);
%%%%%

%%%%% Edge detection and edge linking....
binaryImage = edge(grayImage,'canny'); % 'Canny' edge detector
binaryImage = bwmorph(binaryImage,'thicken'); % A morphological operation for edge linking
%%%%%

%%%%% Radon transform projections along 180 degrees, from -90 to +89....
% R: Radon transform of the intensity image 'grayImage' for -90:89 degrees.
% In fact, each column of R shows the image profile along corresponding angle. 
% xp: a vector containing the radial coordinates corresponding to each row of 'R'.
% Negative angles correspond to clockwise directions, while positive angles
% correspond to counterclockwise directions around the center point (up-left corner).
% R1: A 1x180 vector in which, each element is equal the maximum value of Radon transform along each angle.
% This value reflects the maximum number of pixels along each direction. 
% r_max: A 1x180 vector, which includes corresponding radii of 'R1'.
theta = -90:89;
[R,xp] = radon(binaryImage,theta);
imagesc(theta,xp, R); colormap(jet);
xlabel('theta (degrees)');ylabel('x''');
title('theta方向对应的Radon变换R随着x''的变化图');
colorbar
%%%%%

[R1,r_max] = max(R);
theta_max = 90;
while(theta_max > 50 || theta_max<-50)
    [R2,theta_max] = max(R1); % R2: Maximum Radon transform value over all angles. 
                              % theta_max: Corresponding angle 
    R1(theta_max) = 0; % Remove element 'R2' from vector 'R1', so that other maximum values can be found.
    theta_max = theta_max - 91;
end

correctedImage = imrotate(im,-theta_max); % Rotation correction
correctedImage(correctedImage == 0) = 255; % Converts black resgions to white regions

subplot(1,2,1), subimage(im)
subplot(1,2,2), subimage(correctedImage)

   垂直倾斜矫正结果:

  

  水平倾斜旋转后结果:

  

  垂直倾斜还需要将每一个字符纵向移动,保证水平。

  发现从radon变换结果R中统计最大角度有时有问题,还需再改进。另外还没有使用C实现radon变换。

posted @ 2012-05-22 23:58  virqin  阅读(13965)  评论(1编辑  收藏  举报