C++ 的有理数类 Rational 实现

class Rational
{
    static inline int gcd(int a, int b)
    {
        if (!b) return abs(a);
        while ((a %= b) && (b %= a)) ; // do in while
        return a + b;
    }
 
public:
    static const Rational Infinity;
    static const Rational Nan;
 
    Rational(int numerator, int denominator)
        : n(numerator), d(denominator) { symplify(); }
    constexpr Rational(int number) : n(number), d(1) {}
    constexpr Rational() : n(0), d(1) {}
 
    const Rational &operator=(const Rational &other)
    {
        n = other.n;
        d = other.d;
        return *this;
    }
 
    const int numerator() const { return n; }
    const int denominator() const { return d; }
 
private:
    void symplify()
    {
        int cd = gcd(n, d);
        if (cd) {
            n /= cd;
            d /= cd;
        }
        if (d < 0) {
            n = -n;
            d = -d;
        }
    }
    int n, d;
};
const Rational Rational::Infinity = Rational(1, 0);
const Rational Rational::Nan = Rational(0, 0);
 
inline const Rational operator-(const Rational &a)
{ return Rational(-a.numerator(), a.denominator()); }
inline const Rational operator+(const Rational &a, const Rational &b)
{
    return Rational(a.numerator() * b.denominator() +
                        a.denominator() * b.numerator(),
                    a.denominator() * b.denominator());
}
inline const Rational operator-(const Rational &a, const Rational &b)
{ return a + -b; }
inline const Rational operator*(const Rational &a, const Rational &b)
{
    return Rational(a.numerator() * b.numerator(),
                    a.denominator() * b.denominator());
}
inline const Rational operator/(const Rational &a, const Rational &b)
{
    return Rational(a.numerator() * b.denominator(),
                    a.denominator() * b.numerator());
}
 
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Rational &r)
{
    switch (r.denominator())
    {
    case 0:
        if (r.numerator() == 0) return os << "NaN";
        if (r.numerator() < 0) os << '-';
        return os << "Inf";
    case 1:
        return os << r.numerator();
    default:
        return os << '(' << r.numerator() << '/' << r.denominator() << ')';
    }
}
 
void test_rational()
{
    Rational a(6, -2);
    cout << a << '\n';
    cout << Rational(9, 33) + 5 << '\n';
    cout << Rational(-9, 33) * 2 << '\n';
    cout << Rational(-9, -33) - 1 << '\n';
    cout << Rational(9, -33) / 8 << '\n';
    cout << 1 / Rational(9, -33) << '\n';
    cout << "-----Inf------\n";
    cout << a * -Rational::Infinity << '\n';
    cout << a * - -Rational::Infinity << '\n';
    cout << a + Rational::Infinity << '\n';
    cout << a - Rational::Infinity << '\n';
    cout << "-----NaN------\n";
    cout << Rational::Nan - Rational::Infinity << '\n';
    cout << a * Rational::Nan << '\n';
    cout << a / Rational::Nan << '\n';
    cout << a + Rational::Nan << '\n';
    cout << a - Rational::Nan << '\n';
}