Oracle 更改字符集

装了一个oracle练手,入数据时汉字显示异常,与正常工作的服务器做了对比,发现字符集设的不对

按照如下方法更改字符集,

SQL> conn /as sysdba 
Connected. 
SQL> shutdown immediate; 
Database closed. 
Database dismounted. 
ORACLE instance shut down. 
SQL> startup mount 
ORACLE instance started. 
Total System Global Area  236000356 bytes 
Fixed Size                   451684 bytes 
Variable Size             201326592 bytes 
Database Buffers           33554432 bytes 
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes 
Database mounted. 
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION; 
System altered. 
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0; 
System altered. 
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0; 
System altered. 
SQL> alter database open; 
Database altered. 
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK; 
ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK 
* 
ERROR at line 1: 
ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set 
提示我们的字符集:新字符集必须为旧字符集的超集,这时我们可以跳过超集的检查做更改: 
SQL> ALTER DATABASE character set INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK; 
Database altered. 
SQL> select * from v$nls_parameters; 
略 
19 rows selected. 
重启检查是否更改完成: 
SQL> shutdown immediate; 
Database closed. 
Database dismounted. 
ORACLE instance shut down. 
SQL> startup 
ORACLE instance started. 
Total System Global Area  236000356 bytes 
Fixed Size                   451684 bytes 
Variable Size             201326592 bytes 
Database Buffers           33554432 bytes 
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes 
Database mounted. 
Database opened. 
SQL> select * from v$nls_parameters; 
略 
19 rows selected. 

我们看到这个过程和之前ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET操作的内部过程是完全相同的,也就是说INTERNAL_USE提供的帮助就是使
Oracle数据库绕过了子集与超集的校验.
这一方法在某些方面是有用处的,比如测试;应用于产品环境大家应该格外小心,除了你以外,没有人会为此带来的后果负责:
结语(我们不妨再说一次):
对于DBA来说,有一个很重要的原则就是:不要把你的数据库置于危险的境地!
这就要求我们,在进行任何可能对数据库结构发生改变的操作之前,先做有效的备份,很多DBA没有备份的操作中得到了惨痛的教训

posted @ 2013-01-24 15:10  vigarbuaa  阅读(204)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报