Spring Cloud Netflix第一代网关之Zuul基本使用

网关在微服务系统中起到一个门户的作用,主要作用如下:

  • 服务路由
  • 鉴权
  • 服务熔断
  • 流控
  • 灰度发布等

常用的网关有Zuul、Gateway、OpenResty + Lua、Kong、ApiSIX等等。本文以Zuul为例,虽然其性能可能表现的不是很好(Zuul 1.X),但是对于掌握网关的一些基础知识还是很有帮助的。

Spring Boot版本:2.0.9.RELEASE
Spring Cloud Netflix版本:Finchley.SR4(目前处于不维护状态)

1.父pom依赖如下

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <java.version>8</java.version>
        <spring.cloud.version>Finchley.SR4</spring.cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.9.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

2. 注册中心

这里以Eureka为例,注册中心服务依赖如下:

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

application.yml配置信息如下:

server:
  port: 8000

spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-server

eureka:
  client:
    registerWithEureka: false
    fetchRegistry: false

代码启动类如下:

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServer.class, args);
    }
}

3.服务提供方

依赖如下:

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

application.yml配置文件内容如下:

server:
  port: 9000

spring:
  application:
    name: client

eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8000/eureka
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true

启动类如下:

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ClientApp {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ClientApp.class, args);
    }
}

提供一个相加的处理类

@RestController
@RequestMapping("calc")
public class CalcController {

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private int serverPort;

    @GetMapping("add")
    public Integer add(@RequestParam("a") Integer a, @RequestParam("b") Integer b) {
        System.err.println("From Port: " + serverPort);
        return a + b;
    }
}

4. Zuul网关

依赖如下:

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

application.yml配置文件内容如下:

server:
  port: 8100

spring:
  application:
    name: Zuul Server

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8000/eureka
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true

zuul:
  routes:
    client-service:
      path: /client/**
      serviceId: client

项目启动类如下:

@SpringBootApplication
//@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableZuulProxy
public class ZuulServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ZuulServer.class, args);
    }
}

分别启动Eureka注册中心、Zuul网关、Client服务,
直接通过Client服务的IP端口,http://localhost:9000/calc/add?a=1&b=5能正常访问;
通过访问网关:http://localhost:8100/client/calc/add?a=1&b=5,也能正常访问,说明网关路由到了Client服务上。

通过设置Client服务端口的形式,新增一个服务提供方:

启动成功后,Client服务将会有两个服务实例,如下:

访问上述网关的地址,可以看到Client服务端控制台会交替输出对应的端口信息,说明Zuul网关在路由服务时也使用了负载均衡。

整体服务架构如下:

posted @ 2022-12-30 14:15  生活咖啡  阅读(118)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报