LeetCode--LinkedList--160. Intersection of Two Linked Lists(Easy)

160. Intersection of Two Linked Lists(Easy)

题目地址https://leetcode.com/problems/intersection-of-two-linked-lists/

Write a program to find the node at which the intersection of two singly linked lists begins.

For example, the following two linked lists:

begin to intersect at node c1.

Example 1:

Input: intersectVal = 8, listA = [4,1,8,4,5], listB = [5,0,1,8,4,5], skipA = 2, skipB = 3
Output: Reference of the node with value = 8
Input Explanation: The intersected node's value is 8 (note that this must not be 0 if the two lists intersect). From the head of A, it reads as [4,1,8,4,5]. From the head of B, it reads as [5,0,1,8,4,5]. There are 2 nodes before the intersected node in A; There are 3 nodes before the intersected node in B.

Example 2:

Input: intersectVal = 2, listA = [0,9,1,2,4], listB = [3,2,4], skipA = 3, skipB = 1
Output: Reference of the node with value = 2
Input Explanation: The intersected node's value is 2 (note that this must not be 0 if the two lists intersect). From the head of A, it reads as [0,9,1,2,4]. From the head of B, it reads as [3,2,4]. There are 3 nodes before the intersected node in A; There are 1 node before the intersected node in B.

Example 3:

Input: intersectVal = 0, listA = [2,6,4], listB = [1,5], skipA = 3, skipB = 2
Output: null
Input Explanation: From the head of A, it reads as [2,6,4]. From the head of B, it reads as [1,5]. Since the two lists do not intersect, intersectVal must be 0, while skipA and skipB can be arbitrary values.
Explanation: The two lists do not intersect, so return null.

Notes:

• If the two linked lists have no intersection at all, return null.
• The linked lists must retain their original structure after the function returns.
• You may assume there are no cycles anywhere in the entire linked structure.
  Your code should preferably run in O(n) time and use only O(1) memory.

solution

题意是给定两个链表头headA与headB，判断两个链表是否有交叉的部分，若有，则返回交叉部分的起点结点，否则，返回null。
解法一

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * public class ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode next;
 *     ListNode(int x) {
 *         val = x;
 *         next = null;
 *     }
 * }
 */
public class Solution {
    public ListNode getIntersectionNode(ListNode headA, ListNode headB) {
        ListNode p = headA, q = headB;
        while (p != q)   //如果两指针重合
        {
            p = (p != null) ? p.next : headB;
            q = (q != null) ? q.next : headA;
        }
        return p;
    }
}

解析：解法一的思路很巧妙，代码量也很少。虽然题目中强调了链表中不存在环，但是我们可以用环的思想来做，我们让两条链表分别从各自的开头开始往后遍历，当其中一条遍历到末尾时，我们跳到另一个条链表的开头继续遍历。两个指针最终会相等，而且只有两种情况。若headA的长度大于headB，则当遍历完headA时，headA的遍历指针p指向headB，当遍历完headB时，headB的遍历指针q指向headA，此时，p与q刚好指向headA与headB右对齐后的同一位置，即headA的头结点处。随后只需继续同时遍历两个链表，并比较对应位置的结点是否交叉。

解法二

public class Solution {
    public ListNode getIntersectionNode(ListNode headA, ListNode headB) {
        ListNode p = headA, q = headB;
        int alength = 0,blength = 0;
        while (p != null)
        {
            alength++;
            p = p.next;
        }
        while (q != null)
        {
            blength++;
            q = q.next;
        }
        p = headA; q = headB; int i = 0, start = 0;
        if (alength > blength)
        {
            start = alength - blength;
            while (p != null && i < start)
            {
                p = p.next;
                i++;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            start = blength - alength;
            while (q != null && i < start)
            {
                q = q.next;
                i++;
            }
        }
        while (p != null && q != null && p != q)
        {
            p = p.next;
            q = q.next;
        }
        return p;
    }
}

解析：解法二思路很直接，代码量也多点。如果两个链长度相同的话，那么对应的一个个比下去就能找到，否则只需要把长链表变短再挨个比较即可。具体做法为：分别遍历两个链表，得到其对应的长度。然后求长度的差值，把较长的那个链表向后移动这个差值的个数，然后一一比较即可。

reference
https://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/4128461.html

Notes

1.链表问题思路较多，注意不同思路的差异；