学习 Spring (十) 注解之 @Bean, @ImportResource, @Value
Spring入门篇 学习笔记
@Bean
@Bean 标识一个用于配置和初始化一个由 Spring IoC 容器管理的新对象的方法,类似于 XML 配置文件的
可以在 Spring 的 @Configuration 注解的类中使用 @Bean 注解任何方法,在方法里面创建对象返回
@Configuration
public class AppConfig{
@Bean
public MyService myService(){
return new MyServiceImpl();
}
}
示例
新建类:
public interface Store<T> {
}
public class StringStore implements Store<String> {
public void init() {
System.out.println("This is init.");
}
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("This is destroy.");
}
}
@Configuration
public class StoreConfig {
@Bean(initMethod = "init", destroyMethod = "destroy")// 如果没有指定 name,那么name 为方法的名称
public StringStore stringStore() {
return new StringStore();
}
}
添加测试:
@RunWith(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class TestJavabased extends UnitTestBase {
public TestJavabased() {
super("classpath*:spring-beanannotation.xml");
}
@Test
public void test() {
Store store = super.getBean("stringStore");
System.out.println(store.getClass().getName());
}
}
@Bean 默认是单例的,如果要改变作用域范围,可以再添加 @Scope 注解
@ImportResource
<beans>
<context:annotation-config/>
<!--加载资源文件-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:/com/acme/jdbc.properties"/>
<bean class="com.acme.AppConfig"/>
<!--引用资源文件中的配置内容-->
<bean class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
</beans>
使用 @ImportResource 可以代替上面 XML 配置:
@Configuration
@ImportResource("classpath:/com/acme/properties-config.xml")
public class AppConfig{
@Value("${jdbc.url")
private String url;
@Value("${jdbc.username}")
private String username;
@Value("${jdbc.password}")
private String password;
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource(){
return new DriverManagerDataSource(url, username, password);
}
}
示例:
添加类:
public class MyDriverManager {
public MyDriverManager(String url, String userName, String password) {
System.out.println("url : " + url);
System.out.println("userName: " + userName);
System.out.println("password: " + password);
}
}
添加配置文件 config.properties:
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root
jdbc.url=127.0.0.1
添加配置文件 config.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd" >
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:/config.properties"/>
</beans>
修改类 StoreConfig:
@Configuration
@ImportResource("classpath:config.xml")
public class StoreConfig {
@Value("${jdbc.url}")
private String url;
@Value("${jdbc.username}")
private String username;
@Value("${jdbc.password}")
private String password;
@Bean
public MyDriverManager myDriverManager(){
return new MyDriverManager(url, username, password);
}
// @Bean(initMethod = "init", destroyMethod = "destroy")// 如果没有指定 name,那么name 为 方法的名称
// public StringStore stringStore() {
// return new StringStore();
// }
}
添加测试:
@Test
public void testMyDriverManager() {
MyDriverManager manager = super.getBean("myDriverManager");
System.out.println(manager.getClass().getName());
}
基于泛型的自动装配
示例
新建类:
public class IntegerStore implements Store<Integer> {
}
修改类:
@Configuration
@ImportResource("classpath:config.xml")
public class StoreConfig {
@Autowired
@Qualifier(value="stringStore")
private Store<String> s1;
@Autowired
@Qualifier(value="integerStore")
private Store<Integer> s2;
@Bean
public StringStore stringStore() {
return new StringStore();
}
@Bean
public IntegerStore integerStore() {
return new IntegerStore();
}
@Bean
public StringStore stringStoreTest(){
System.out.println("s1: " + s1.getClass().getName());
System.out.println("s2: " + s2.getClass().getName());
return new StringStore();
}
}
添加测试:
@Test
public void testG() {
Store store = super.getBean("stringStoreTest");
}