Python PyPI安装模块

现在下载的Python 3，都会内置PyPi，方便安装一些需要用到的模块。

用法：

pip <command> [options]

command和options里有很多命令，常用的还是install、uninstall

Install

install顾名思义就是安装模块，以下面的例子来说明使用方法。

• 如果需要安装numpy的话，可以用以下的命令进行安装：

pip install numpy

• 如果需要安装numpy的话，并需要指定的版本1.18.2，可以用以下的命令进行安装：

pip install numpy==1.18.2

• 如果需要通过文本文件来安装模块，可以用以下的命令进行安装：

pip install -r requirements.txt

requirements.txt中的内容可以是如下信息：

 

这些信息可以通过以下命令进行生成：

pip freeze > requirements.txt

 

Uninstall

uninstall则是卸载模块，同样以例子来说明使用方法。

如果要卸载numpy的话，可以用以下命令进行卸载：

pip uninstall numpy

 

全部commands和options的命令

Commands:
  install                     Install packages.
  download                    Download packages.
  uninstall                   Uninstall packages.
  freeze                      Output installed packages in requirements format.
  list                        List installed packages.
  show                        Show information about installed packages.
  check                       Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
  config                      Manage local and global configuration.
  search                      Search PyPI for packages.
  cache                       Inspect and manage pip's wheel cache.
  wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.
  hash                        Compute hashes of package archives.
  completion                  A helper command used for command completion.
  debug                       Show information useful for debugging.
  help                        Show help for commands.

General Options:
  -h, --help                  Show help.
  --isolated                  Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.
  -v, --verbose               Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
  -V, --version               Show version and exit.
  -q, --quiet                 Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
  --log <path>                Path to a verbose appending log.
  --no-input                  Disable prompting for input.
  --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
  --retries <retries>         Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
  --timeout <sec>             Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort.
  --trusted-host <hostname>   Mark this host or host:port pair as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS.
  --cert <path>               Path to PEM-encoded CA certificate bundle. If provided, overrides the default. See 'SSL Certificate Verification' in pip documentation for more information.
  --client-cert <path>        Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the certificate in PEM format.
  --cache-dir <dir>           Store the cache data in <dir>.
  --no-cache-dir              Disable the cache.
  --disable-pip-version-check
                              Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for download. Implied with --no-index.
  --no-color                  Suppress colored output.
  --no-python-version-warning
                              Silence deprecation warnings for upcoming unsupported Pythons.
  --use-feature <feature>     Enable new functionality, that may be backward incompatible.
  --use-deprecated <feature>  Enable deprecated functionality, that will be removed in the future.

 

从国内镜像网站下载模块

因为在pypi.org下载模块的时候很慢，可以使用国内的镜像站来进行下载安装模块。

站点	地址
清华	https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
阿里云	http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
中国科技大学	https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/
华中理工大学	http://pypi.hustunique.com/
山东理工大学	http://pypi.sdutlinux.org/
豆瓣	http://pypi.douban.com/simple/

如果只是临时使用，可以在使用pip的时候加参数-i <地址>，例如：pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple pyspider，这样就会从清华这边的镜像去安装pyspider库。

如果需要一直需要从某个镜像站下载安装模块，在windows环境下，可以直接在user目录中创建一个pip目录，如：c:\users\username\pip，新建文件pip.ini，内容如下：

[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
[install]
trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com