本文分步介绍如何利用 Visual C# .NET 的自动化功能在 Word 中创建新文档。

代码示例

本文中的代码示例将说明如何完成以下任务:
  • 插入包含文本和格式的段落。
  • 浏览和修改文档中的不同范围。
  • 插入表格、设置表格格式并在表格中填充数据。
  • 添加图表。
要利用 Visual C# .NET 的自动化功能创建新的 Word 文档,请执行以下步骤:
  1. 启动 Microsoft Visual Studio .NET。在文件菜单上,单击新建,然后单击项目。在项目类型下,单击 Visual C# 项目,然后单击模板下的 Windows 应用程序。默认情况下会创建 Form1。
  2. 添加对 Microsoft Word 对象库的引用。为此,请按照下列步骤操作:
    1. 项目菜单上,单击添加引用
    2. COM 选项卡上,找到 Microsoft Word 对象库,然后单击选择
    3. 添加引用对话框中单击确定,接受您的选择。如果系统提示您为选定的库生成包装,请单击
  3. 视图菜单上,选择工具箱以显示工具箱,然后向 Form1 添加一个按钮。
  4. 双击 Button1。出现该窗体的代码窗口。
  5. 在代码窗口中,将以下代码
    private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {
    }
                                            
    
    替换为:
    private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {
            object oMissing = System.Reflection.Missing.Value;
            object oEndOfDoc = "\\endofdoc"; /* \endofdoc is a predefined bookmark */ 
    
            //Start Word and create a new document.
            Word._Application oWord;
            Word._Document oDoc;
            oWord = new Word.Application();
            oWord.Visible = true;
            oDoc = oWord.Documents.Add(ref oMissing, ref oMissing,
                    ref oMissing, ref oMissing);
    
            //Insert a paragraph at the beginning of the document.
            Word.Paragraph oPara1;
            oPara1 = oDoc.Content.Paragraphs.Add(ref oMissing);
            oPara1.Range.Text = "Heading 1";
            oPara1.Range.Font.Bold = 1;
            oPara1.Format.SpaceAfter = 24;    //24 pt spacing after paragraph.
            oPara1.Range.InsertParagraphAfter();
    
            //Insert a paragraph at the end of the document.
            Word.Paragraph oPara2;
            object oRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range;
            oPara2 = oDoc.Content.Paragraphs.Add(ref oRng);
            oPara2.Range.Text = "Heading 2";
            oPara2.Format.SpaceAfter = 6;
            oPara2.Range.InsertParagraphAfter();
    
            //Insert another paragraph.
            Word.Paragraph oPara3;
            oRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range;
            oPara3 = oDoc.Content.Paragraphs.Add(ref oRng);
            oPara3.Range.Text = "This is a sentence of normal text. Now here is a table:";
            oPara3.Range.Font.Bold = 0;
            oPara3.Format.SpaceAfter = 24;
            oPara3.Range.InsertParagraphAfter();
    
            //Insert a 3 x 5 table, fill it with data, and make the first row
            //bold and italic.
            Word.Table oTable;
            Word.Range wrdRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range;
            oTable = oDoc.Tables.Add(wrdRng, 3, 5, ref oMissing, ref oMissing);
            oTable.Range.ParagraphFormat.SpaceAfter = 6;
            int r, c;
            string strText;
            for(r = 1; r <= 3; r++)
                    for(c = 1; c <= 5; c++)
                    {
                            strText = "r" + r + "c" + c;
                            oTable.Cell(r, c).Range.Text = strText;
                    }
            oTable.Rows[1].Range.Font.Bold = 1;
            oTable.Rows[1].Range.Font.Italic = 1;
    
            //Add some text after the table.
            Word.Paragraph oPara4;
            oRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range;
            oPara4 = oDoc.Content.Paragraphs.Add(ref oRng);
            oPara4.Range.InsertParagraphBefore();
            oPara4.Range.Text = "And here's another table:";
            oPara4.Format.SpaceAfter = 24;
            oPara4.Range.InsertParagraphAfter();
    
            //Insert a 5 x 2 table, fill it with data, and change the column widths.
            wrdRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range;
            oTable = oDoc.Tables.Add(wrdRng, 5, 2, ref oMissing, ref oMissing);
            oTable.Range.ParagraphFormat.SpaceAfter = 6;
            for(r = 1; r <= 5; r++)
                    for(c = 1; c <= 2; c++)
                    {
                            strText = "r" + r + "c" + c;
                            oTable.Cell(r, c).Range.Text = strText;
                    }
            oTable.Columns[1].Width = oWord.InchesToPoints(2); //Change width of columns 1 & 2
            oTable.Columns[2].Width = oWord.InchesToPoints(3);
    
            //Keep inserting text. When you get to 7 inches from top of the
            //document, insert a hard page break.
            object oPos;
            double dPos = oWord.InchesToPoints(7);
            oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range.InsertParagraphAfter();
            do
            {
                    wrdRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range;
                    wrdRng.ParagraphFormat.SpaceAfter = 6;
                    wrdRng.InsertAfter("A line of text");
                    wrdRng.InsertParagraphAfter();
                    oPos = wrdRng.get_Information
                           (Word.WdInformation.wdVerticalPositionRelativeToPage);
            }
            while(dPos >= Convert.ToDouble(oPos));
            object oCollapseEnd = Word.WdCollapseDirection.wdCollapseEnd;
            object oPageBreak = Word.WdBreakType.wdPageBreak;
            wrdRng.Collapse(ref oCollapseEnd);
            wrdRng.InsertBreak(ref oPageBreak);
            wrdRng.Collapse(ref oCollapseEnd);
            wrdRng.InsertAfter("We're now on page 2. Here's my chart:");
            wrdRng.InsertParagraphAfter();
    
            //Insert a chart.
            Word.InlineShape oShape;
            object oClassType = "MSGraph.Chart.8";
            wrdRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range;
            oShape = wrdRng.InlineShapes.AddOLEObject(ref oClassType, ref oMissing, 
                    ref oMissing, ref oMissing, ref oMissing,
                    ref oMissing, ref oMissing, ref oMissing);
    
            //Demonstrate use of late bound oChart and oChartApp objects to
            //manipulate the chart object with MSGraph.
            object oChart;
            object oChartApp;
            oChart = oShape.OLEFormat.Object;
            oChartApp = oChart.GetType().InvokeMember("Application",
                    BindingFlags.GetProperty, null, oChart, null);
    
            //Change the chart type to Line.
            object[] Parameters = new Object[1];
            Parameters[0] = 4; //xlLine = 4
            oChart.GetType().InvokeMember("ChartType", BindingFlags.SetProperty,
                    null, oChart, Parameters);
    
            //Update the chart image and quit MSGraph.
            oChartApp.GetType().InvokeMember("Update",
                    BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, oChartApp, null);
            oChartApp.GetType().InvokeMember("Quit",
                    BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, oChartApp, null);
            //... If desired, you can proceed from here using the Microsoft Graph 
            //Object model on the oChart and oChartApp objects to make additional
            //changes to the chart.
    
            //Set the width of the chart.
            oShape.Width = oWord.InchesToPoints(6.25f);
            oShape.Height = oWord.InchesToPoints(3.57f);
    
            //Add text after the chart.
            wrdRng = oDoc.Bookmarks.get_Item(ref oEndOfDoc).Range;
            wrdRng.InsertParagraphAfter();
            wrdRng.InsertAfter("THE END.");
    
            //Close this form.
            this.Close();
    }
                                            
    
  6. 滚动到代码窗口的顶部。将下面的代码行添加到 using 指令列表的末尾:
    using Word = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word;
    using System.Reflection;
                                            
    
  7. 按 F5 键生成并运行程序。
  8. 单击 Button1,启动 Word 自动化功能并创建文档。
代码执行完成后,检查为您创建的文档。该文档包含两页设置了格式的段落、表格和图表。

使用模板

如果您要使用自动化功能创建的文档都是通用格式,则利用基于预设格式的模板的新文档来开始创建过程会更加容易。与从头创建文档相比,将某个模板与 Word 自动化客户端配合使用有两大优点:
  • 您可以对整个文档中的对象的格式设置和布局施加更多控制。
  • 可以使用较少的代码创建文档。
通过使用模板,可以精确地调整表格、段落和其他对象在文档中的布局,并可为这些对象添加格式设置。通过使用自动化功能,可以基于包含下面这样的代码的模板创建新文档:
object oTemplate = "c:\\MyTemplate.dot";
oDoc = oWord.Documents.Add(ref oTemplate, ref oMissing,
        ref oMissing, ref oMissing);
                                
在模板中,可以定义书签,这样,自动化客户端就可以在文档的特定位置加入可变文本,如下所示:
object oBookMark = "MyBookmark";
oDoc.Bookmarks.Item(ref oBookMark).Range.Text = "Some Text Here";
                                
使用模板的另一个优点在于,您可以创建和存储希望在运行时应用的格式样式,如下所示:
object oStyleName = "MyStyle";
oDoc.Bookmarks.Item(ref oBookMark).Range.set_Style(ref oStyleName);
                                
- 或者 -
object oStyleName = "MyStyle";
oWord.Selection.set_Style(ref oStyleName);
                                

参考

有关其他信息,请单击下面的文章编号,以查看 Microsoft 知识库中相应的文章: 301659 (http://support.microsoft.com...

有关其他信息,请单击下面的文章编号,以查看 Microsoft 知识库中相应的文章:
301659 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/301659/EN-US/ ) HOWTO:利用 Visual C# .NET 使 Microsoft Word 自动执行邮件合并
302902 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/302902/EN-US/ ) HOWTO:用 Visual C# .NET 进行 Office 自动化服务器的绑定
有关详细信息,请访问下面的 Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) 网站:
Microsoft Office Development with Visual Studio(使用 Visual Studio 进行 Microsoft Office 开发)
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa188489(office.10).aspx (http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa188489(office.10).aspx)

Word in the Office (MSDN Online Article)(Office 中的 Word(MSDN 联机文章))
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dnofftalk/html/office112000.asp (http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dnofftalk/html/office112000.asp)

One More Word (MSDN Online Article)(补充说明(MSDN 联机文章))
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dnofftalk/html/office12072000.asp (http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dnofftalk/html/office12072000.asp)
posted on 2009-07-27 11:37  vibratea  阅读(205)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报