名词（可数不可数，所有格）

 

 主谓一致：

一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数，但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。

主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语必须采取复数形式.

不定式，动名词，以及从句作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数.

不定代词及each作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数.neither, either,everyone, anyone, someone

表示国家，机构，事件，作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数.

a series of,a kind of,the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时看作单数，谓语动词用单数.（什么的什么）

有些短语，如：a lot of,most of,any of,half of,three fifths of,eighty percent of,some of,none of,the rest of,all of等后接不可数名词，或是单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数.（量词）

表示时间，金钱，距离，体积，重量，面积，数字等词语作主语时，其意义若是指总量应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；但如果其意义是指"有多少数量"则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数.

这一原则是指，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致.常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or,either… or …，neither… nor …，not only… but also …there be等.例如：

主语由“more than one/a(an)”修饰时，谓语用单数;但如果是“more+名词的复数+than one”这一结构时，后面的谓语动词要用复数。

and的时候同一个概念用单数，不同概念用复数

Butter and bread—is— their daily food, but the bread and the butter_and__ up now. 

 

1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如：

book → books room → rooms pear→pears

house → houses day → days song→songs

2. 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。如：

bus → buses box → boxes

watch → watches dish → dishes

3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。如：

city → cities body → bodies story→stories

factory → factories

4. 以o结尾的名词，通常有生命的加es无生命的加s。如：

无生命：piano→ pianos radio→radios

有生命：potato→potatoes

5.以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如：

half → halves leaf → leaves

knife → knives wife → wives

6)不规则名词：foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→me n, woman→women, sheep→sheep, deer→deer, mouse→mice.

7、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many; 对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。 如：

How many apples are there in the box?

翻译：盒子里有多少个苹果？

How much tea is there in the cup?

翻译：杯里有多少茶水？

8，不可数也可以加the表示特指，可数名词也可以加the

 

最常见的不可数名词有:baggage, change(零钱), furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic ,beef,mutton,broccoli,orange(橘子，橘子汁，橙色)

 

其它不可数名词还有：absence, age, anger, bread,courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure, fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labour, luck, marriage, music, nature, paper, peace, pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow, technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, work（工作）

英文裡，不可数名词通常是属於以下这几种类型：

1. 材质：

wood, metal, glass, paper, cloth, cotton, silk, plastic, concrete, rubber, clay

2. 气体与液体：

air, gas, steam, smoke, pollution, oxygen; water, blood, sweat, shampoo, paint

3. 食物、饮料、农作物、固体与半固体日用品：

food, meat, beef, pork, bread, pasta, cheese, ketchup, mayonnaise, chocolate, oil, soy

sauce; milk, juice, coffee, tea, water, wine, beer; wheat, rice, corn/maize, grass, sugar cane; glue, soap, toothpaste, shoe polish

4. 由微粒／细条组成，或成片的物质：

dirt, sand, powder, flour, sugar, salt, pepper, cinnamon; hair, fur, skin

5. 自然现象：

weather, wind, rain, snow, ice, fog, dew, humidity, thunder, lightning, electricity, sunshine, heat, cold, gravity, time

6. 组合与总称（集合名词）：

furniture, bedding, clothing, underwear, fruit, machinery, housing, traffic, jewelry, medicine, makeup, money, cattle, poultry, equipment, software, baggage, luggage, mail, research, homework, grammar, vocabulary, alphabet, information, slang, gossip, feedback, staff, faculty, audience, stuff, junk, garbage

7. 活动、动名词、疾病：

basketball, tennis, chess, work, sleep, music, leisure; running, swimming, cleaning; cancer, pneumonia, polio

8. 抽象概念与学科：

truth, happiness, honesty, beauty, death, fun, help, intelligence, knowledge, progress, information, advice; science, history, literature, law, art, religion