语法学习,简单语句
简单句
1,主+谓= S+Vi (主+不及物动词)
如: S(主)+ Vi(不及物动词)(谓语)
We │come.
The baby│cried.
1)S + Vi + 副词(状语) eg:Birds sing beautifully.
2)S + Vi + 介词短语(状语)eg:He went on holiday.
3)S + Vi + 不定式(状语) eg:We stopped to have a rest.
4)S + Vi + 分词(状语) eg:I'll go swimming.
此句型的句子有一个共同特点:即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
2,S+ V系+ P(主+系+表)look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,turn,prove,become,make
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。表语也就是主语的补足语
1)S + V + 名词/代词 eg:He is a boy.
2)S + V + 形容词 eg:She is beautiful.
3)S + V +副词 eg:Class isover.
4)S + V + 介词短语 eg:He isin good health.
5)S + V+ 分词 eg:He is excited.
3,基本句型三:S+ Vt + O(主+及物+宾)hope, know, notice, think, wonder,like
1)S + Vt + 名词/代词 eg:I like music. She hates him.
2)S + Vt + 不定式 eg:I want to help him.
★常用于这句型的动词有:decide, hope, learn, need, promise, want, 等。
3)S + Vt + 疑问词+ 不定式 eg:I don't know what to do.
★常用于这句型的动词有:ask, decide, find out, forget, know等。
4)S + Vt + 动名词 eg:I enjoyliving here.
★常用于这句型的动词有:advise, enjoy, finish, mind, practise等。
5)S + Vt + 宾语从句 eg:I don't think (that) he is right.
★常用于这句型的动词有:buy, get, make,hope, know, notice, think, wonder等。
4. 基本句型四:S+ Vt + IO + DO (主+及物+间宾+直宾)buy, get, make
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, 这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语);一个指物(直接宾语)。
eg: She│gave│me│a new book.
He│brought│you │a dictionary.
1)S + Vt + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语
eg:I sent him a book. Give me a cup of tea ,please.
2)S + Vt + 直接宾语+ to/for + 间接宾语
eg:He sent a book to me. Show this house to Mr. Smith
[说明] ①间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有:bring, give, lend, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。
②间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有:buy, get, make 等。
5. 基本句型五:S+ Vt + O+ OC(主+及物+宾+宾补)ask, show, teach, tell,find,order
1)S + Vt + 宾语+ 名词 eg:We named our babyTom.
★常用于这句型的动词有:call, find, make, name等。
2)S + Vt + 宾语+ 形容词 eg:He painted the wall white.
★常用于这句型的动词有:cut, find, keep, leave, make, see, wash等。
3)S + Vt + 宾语+ 介词短语 eg:I often find him at work .
4)S + Vt + 宾语+ 不定式 eg:I wish you to stay.
★常用于这句型的动词有:①不定式带to的词:ask, invite, tell, want, warn, wish等。
②不定式不带to的词:have, know, let, make, notice, see, watch等。
5)S + Vt + 宾语+ 分词 eg:I heard my namecalled(表示被动).
I feel something moving(表示进行).
★常用于这句型的动词有:notice, call, see, watch等。
6)S + Vt + 宾语+ 疑问词+ 不定式 eg:He show me how to do it.
★常用于这句型的动词有:ask, show, teach, tell等。