Java 之 XML

1.XML

  a.定义:可扩展标记语言

  b.用途:现在主要用来以一种格式化的形式来存储数据

  c.注意:XML中是区分大小写的

 

 

2.DTD

  a.定义:文档类型定义

  b.作用:定义 XML 文档的合法构建模块

  c.语法:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<!--  DTD语句 -->
<!DOCTYPE students [
  <!ELEMENT students (student*,teacher)>
  <!ELEMENT student (#PCDATA)>
  <!ELEMENT teacher (#PCDATA)>
]>

<!--  XML语句 -->
<students>
    <student></student>
    <student></student>
    <teacher></teacher>
</students>

 

  d.外部引用DTD:

    <!DOCTYPE 根元素 SYSTEM "文件名"> SYSTEM表示的是本地的DTD文件,PUBLIC表示的是官方的DTD文件

<!DOCTYPE students SYSTEM "myDTD.dtd">

 

 

3.XML解析器

  a.分类:

    ①DOM(树结构):整个文档必须在内存解析和储存,因此对大型文档来说,耗内存,占用资源严重; 也因为数据都在内存,解析获取数据效率高

    ②SAX():基于事件驱动的模型,标签一个一个的解析,开始标签和结束标签对应不同的事件,不会将整个文档加载到内存,所以不会浪费内存资源; 也因此解析获取

          数据效率不高

  b.解析:

        File file = new File("src/com/jiexi/my.xml");
        
        SAXReader read = new SAXReader();
        try {
            Document  doc = read.read(file);
            
            Element  e  = doc.getRootElement();
            
            List<Element> stus = e.elements("student");
            
            List<Student> list = new ArrayList<Student>();
            for(Element stu : stus){
                Student s = new Student();
                Attribute a = stu.attribute("id");
                System.out.println(a.getValue());
                s.setName(stu.element("name").getText().trim());
                s.setAge(Integer.parseInt(stu.element("age").getText().trim()));
                list.add(s);
            }
            
            
            
            for(Student s : list){
                
                System.out.println("name:"+s.getName());
                System.out.println("age:"+s.getAge());
            }
            
            
            
        } catch (DocumentException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        
        
    }

 

 

  c.写:

        File file = new File("D:/134xml.xml");
        
        OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(file);
        
        XMLWriter xmlWriter = new XMLWriter(out);
        
        Document doc = DocumentHelper.createDocument();
        
        Element e = doc.addElement("users");
        
        Element user = e.addElement("user");
        
        user.addAttribute("id", "1");
        
        user.addElement("userName").setText("zhangsan");
        try {
            xmlWriter.write(doc);        
            xmlWriter.close();
        } catch (IOException e1) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }

 

posted @ 2017-02-19 15:53  晨M风  阅读(213)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报