初级4-1 队列栈题目

题目四：猫狗队列

【题目】宠物、狗和猫的类如下：
public class Pet { private String type;
public Pet(String type) { this.type = type; }
public String getPetType() { return this.type; }
}
public class Dog extends Pet { public Dog() { super("dog"); } }
public class Cat extends Pet { public Cat() { super("cat"); } }
实现一种狗猫队列的结构，要求如下：用户可以调用add方法将cat类或dog类的
实例放入队列中；用户可以调用pollAll方法，将队列中所有的实例按照进队列
的先后顺序依次弹出；用户可以调用pollDog方法，将队列中dog类的实例按照
进队列的先后顺序依次弹出；用户可以调用pollCat方法，将队列中cat类的实
例按照进队列的先后顺序依次弹出；用户可以调用isEmpty方法，检查队列中是
否还有dog或cat的实例；用户可以调用isDogEmpty方法，检查队列中是否有dog
类的实例；用户可以调用isCatEmpty方法，检查队列中是否有cat类的实例。

package class_03;

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;

public class Code_04_DogCatQueue {

    public static class Pet {
        private String type;

        public Pet(String type) {
            this.type = type;
        }

        public String getPetType() {
            return this.type;
        }
    }

    public static class Dog extends Pet {
        public Dog() {
            super("dog");
        }
    }

    public static class Cat extends Pet {
        public Cat() {
            super("cat");
        }
    }

    public static class PetEnterQueue {
        private Pet pet;
        private long count;

        public PetEnterQueue(Pet pet, long count) {
            this.pet = pet;
            this.count = count;
        }

        public Pet getPet() {
            return this.pet;
        }

        public long getCount() {
            return this.count;
        }

        public String getEnterPetType() {
            return this.pet.getPetType();
        }
    }

    public static class DogCatQueue {
        private Queue<PetEnterQueue> dogQ;
        private Queue<PetEnterQueue> catQ;
        private long count;

        public DogCatQueue() {
            this.dogQ = new LinkedList<PetEnterQueue>();
            this.catQ = new LinkedList<PetEnterQueue>();
            this.count = 0;
        }

        public void add(Pet pet) {
            if (pet.getPetType().equals("dog")) {
                this.dogQ.add(new PetEnterQueue(pet, this.count++));
            } else if (pet.getPetType().equals("cat")) {
                this.catQ.add(new PetEnterQueue(pet, this.count++));
            } else {
                throw new RuntimeException("err, not dog or cat");
            }
        }

        public Pet pollAll() {
            if (!this.dogQ.isEmpty() && !this.catQ.isEmpty()) {
                if (this.dogQ.peek().getCount() < this.catQ.peek().getCount()) {
                    return this.dogQ.poll().getPet();
                } else {
                    return this.catQ.poll().getPet();
                }
            } else if (!this.dogQ.isEmpty()) {
                return this.dogQ.poll().getPet();
            } else if (!this.catQ.isEmpty()) {
                return this.catQ.poll().getPet();
            } else {
                throw new RuntimeException("err, queue is empty!");
            }
        }

        public Dog pollDog() {
            if (!this.isDogQueueEmpty()) {
                return (Dog) this.dogQ.poll().getPet();
            } else {
                throw new RuntimeException("Dog queue is empty!");
            }
        }

        public Cat pollCat() {
            if (!this.isCatQueueEmpty()) {
                return (Cat) this.catQ.poll().getPet();
            } else
                throw new RuntimeException("Cat queue is empty!");
        }

        public boolean isEmpty() {
            return this.dogQ.isEmpty() && this.catQ.isEmpty();
        }

        public boolean isDogQueueEmpty() {
            return this.dogQ.isEmpty();
        }

        public boolean isCatQueueEmpty() {
            return this.catQ.isEmpty();
        }

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DogCatQueue test = new DogCatQueue();

        Pet dog1 = new Dog();
        Pet cat1 = new Cat();
        Pet dog2 = new Dog();
        Pet cat2 = new Cat();
        Pet dog3 = new Dog();
        Pet cat3 = new Cat();

        test.add(dog1);
        test.add(cat1);
        test.add(dog2);
        test.add(cat2);
        test.add(dog3);
        test.add(cat3);

        test.add(dog1);
        test.add(cat1);
        test.add(dog2);
        test.add(cat2);
        test.add(dog3);
        test.add(cat3);

        test.add(dog1);
        test.add(cat1);
        test.add(dog2);
        test.add(cat2);
        test.add(dog3);
        test.add(cat3);
        while (!test.isDogQueueEmpty()) {
            System.out.println(test.pollDog().getPetType());
        }
        while (!test.isEmpty()) {
            System.out.println(test.pollAll().getPetType());
        }
    }

}

题目五转圈打印矩阵

【题目】给定一个整型矩阵matrix，请按照转圈的方式打印它。
例如： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 打印结果为：1，2，3，4，8，12，16，15，14，13，9，
5，6，7，11， 10
【要求】额外空间复杂度为O(1)。

package class_03;

public class Code_06_PrintMatrixSpiralOrder {

    public static void spiralOrderPrint(int[][] matrix) {
        int tR = 0;
        int tC = 0;
        int dR = matrix.length - 1;
        int dC = matrix[0].length - 1;
        while (tR <= dR && tC <= dC) {
            printEdge(matrix, tR++, tC++, dR--, dC--);
        }
    }

    public static void printEdge(int[][] m, int tR, int tC, int dR, int dC) {
        if (tR == dR) {
            for (int i = tC; i <= dC; i++) {
                System.out.print(m[tR][i] + " ");
            }
        } else if (tC == dC) {
            for (int i = tR; i <= dR; i++) {
                System.out.print(m[i][tC] + " ");
            }
        } else {
            int curC = tC;
            int curR = tR;
            while (curC != dC) {
                System.out.print(m[tR][curC] + " ");
                curC++;
            }
            while (curR != dR) {
                System.out.print(m[curR][dC] + " ");
                curR++;
            }
            while (curC != tC) {
                System.out.print(m[dR][curC] + " ");
                curC--;
            }
            while (curR != tR) {
                System.out.print(m[curR][tC] + " ");
                curR--;
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[][] matrix = { { 1, 2, 3, 4 }, { 5, 6, 7, 8 }, { 9, 10, 11, 12 },
                { 13, 14, 15, 16 } };
        spiralOrderPrint(matrix);

    }

}

题目六：旋转正方形矩阵

【题目】给定一个整型正方形矩阵matrix，请把该矩阵调整成
顺时针旋转90度的样子。
【要求】额外空间复杂度为O(1)。

先转外圈

1、 1,4,13,16

2、2,8,15,9

3、5,12,14,5

package class_03;

public class Code_05_RotateMatrix {

    public static void rotate(int[][] matrix) {
        int tR = 0;
        int tC = 0;
        int dR = matrix.length - 1;
        int dC = matrix[0].length - 1;
        while (tR < dR) {
            rotateEdge(matrix, tR++, tC++, dR--, dC--);
        }
    }

    public static void rotateEdge(int[][] m, int tR, int tC, int dR, int dC) {
        int times = dC - tC; 
        int tmp = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i != times; i++) {
            tmp = m[tR][tC + i];
            m[tR][tC + i] = m[dR - i][tC];
            m[dR - i][tC] = m[dR][dC - i];
            m[dR][dC - i] = m[tR + i][dC];
            m[tR + i][dC] = tmp;
        }
    }

    public static void printMatrix(int[][] matrix) {
        for (int i = 0; i != matrix.length; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j != matrix[0].length; j++) {
                System.out.print(matrix[i][j] + " ");
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[][] matrix = { { 1, 2, 3, 4 }, { 5, 6, 7, 8 }, { 9, 10, 11, 12 },
                { 13, 14, 15, 16 } };
        printMatrix(matrix);
        rotate(matrix);
        System.out.println("=========");
        printMatrix(matrix);

    }

}

题目七：转单向和双向链表

【题目】分别实现反转单向链表和反转双向链表的函数。
【要求】如果链表长度为N，时间复杂度要求为O(N)，额外空间
复杂度要求为O(1)

package class_03;

public class Code_07_ReverseList {

    public static class Node {
        public int value;
        public Node next;

        public Node(int data) {
            this.value = data;
        }
    }

    public static Node reverseList(Node head) {
        Node pre = null;
        Node next = null;
        while (head != null) {
            next = head.next;
            head.next = pre;
            pre = head;
            head = next;
        }
        return pre;
    }

    public static class DoubleNode {
        public int value;
        public DoubleNode last;
        public DoubleNode next;

        public DoubleNode(int data) {
            this.value = data;
        }
    }

    public static DoubleNode reverseList(DoubleNode head) {
        DoubleNode pre = null;
        DoubleNode next = null;
        while (head != null) {
            next = head.next;
            head.next = pre;
            head.last = next;
            pre = head;
            head = next;
        }
        return pre;
    }

    public static void printLinkedList(Node head) {
        System.out.print("Linked List: ");
        while (head != null) {
            System.out.print(head.value + " ");
            head = head.next;
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    public static void printDoubleLinkedList(DoubleNode head) {
        System.out.print("Double Linked List: ");
        DoubleNode end = null;
        while (head != null) {
            System.out.print(head.value + " ");
            end = head;
            head = head.next;
        }
        System.out.print("| ");
        while (end != null) {
            System.out.print(end.value + " ");
            end = end.last;
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Node head1 = new Node(1);
        head1.next = new Node(2);
        head1.next.next = new Node(3);
        printLinkedList(head1);
        head1 = reverseList(head1);
        printLinkedList(head1);

        DoubleNode head2 = new DoubleNode(1);
        head2.next = new DoubleNode(2);
        head2.next.last = head2;
        head2.next.next = new DoubleNode(3);
        head2.next.next.last = head2.next;
        head2.next.next.next = new DoubleNode(4);
        head2.next.next.next.last = head2.next.next;
        printDoubleLinkedList(head2);
        printDoubleLinkedList(reverseList(head2));

    }

}

题目八：“之”字形打印矩阵

【题目】给定一个矩阵matrix，按照“之”字形的方式打印这
个矩阵，例如： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
“之”字形打印的结果为：1，2，5，9，6，3，4，7，10，11，
8，12
【要求】额外空间复杂度为O(1)。

coding：对数据加工的一种技巧

设计宏观结构

bool类型

A--> 往左，到边界向下

B--> 往下，到边界往右

每次打印对角线，AB分开移动

package class_03;

public class Code_08_ZigZagPrintMatrix {

    public static void printMatrixZigZag(int[][] matrix) {
        int tR = 0;
        int tC = 0;
        int dR = 0;
        int dC = 0;
        int endR = matrix.length - 1;
        int endC = matrix[0].length - 1;
        boolean fromUp = false;
        while (tR != endR + 1) {
            printLevel(matrix, tR, tC, dR, dC, fromUp);
            tR = tC == endC ? tR + 1 : tR;
            tC = tC == endC ? tC : tC + 1;
            dC = dR == endR ? dC + 1 : dC;
            dR = dR == endR ? dR : dR + 1;
            fromUp = !fromUp;
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    public static void printLevel(int[][] m, int tR, int tC, int dR, int dC,
            boolean f) {
        if (f) {
            while (tR != dR + 1) {
                System.out.print(m[tR++][tC--] + " ");
            }
        } else {
            while (dR != tR - 1) {
                System.out.print(m[dR--][dC++] + " ");
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[][] matrix = { { 1, 2, 3, 4 }, { 5, 6, 7, 8 }, { 9, 10, 11, 12 } };
        printMatrixZigZag(matrix);

    }

}

“宏观”解决打印问题

题目九：在行列都排好序的矩阵中找数

【题目】给定一个有N*M的整型矩阵matrix和一个整数K，
matrix的每一行和每一列都是排好序的。实现一个函数，判断K
是否在matrix中。例如： 0 1 2 5 2 3 4 7 4
4 4 8 5 7 7 9 如果K为7，返回true；如果K为6，返
回false。
【要求】时间复杂度为O(N+M)，额外空间复杂度为O(1)。

package class_03;

public class Code_09_FindNumInSortedMatrix {

    public static boolean isContains(int[][] matrix, int K) {
        int row = 0;
        int col = matrix[0].length - 1;
        while (row < matrix.length && col > -1) {
            if (matrix[row][col] == K) {
                return true;
            } else if (matrix[row][col] > K) {
                col--;
            } else {
                row++;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[][] matrix = new int[][] { { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 },// 0
                { 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 },// 1
                { 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 },// 2
                { 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 },// 3
                { 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71 },// 4
                { 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 111, 122 },// 5
                { 166, 176, 186, 187, 190, 195, 200 },// 6
                { 233, 243, 321, 341, 356, 370, 380 } // 7
        };
        int K = 233;
        System.out.println(isContains(matrix, K));
    }

}

两大思路

一个题的最优解来自这个题目的 数据状况

一个题的最优解来自这个题目的 本身问法

题目十：打印两个有序链表的公共部分

【题目】给定两个有序链表的头指针head1和head2，打印两个
链表的公共部分。

类似快排中的merge

package class_03;

public class Code_10_PrintCommonPart {

    public static class Node {
        public int value;
        public Node next;
        public Node(int data) {
            this.value = data;
        }
    }

    public static void printCommonPart(Node head1, Node head2) {
        System.out.print("Common Part: ");
        while (head1 != null && head2 != null) {
            if (head1.value < head2.value) {
                head1 = head1.next;
            } else if (head1.value > head2.value) {
                head2 = head2.next;
            } else {
                System.out.print(head1.value + " ");
                head1 = head1.next;
                head2 = head2.next;
            }
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    public static void printLinkedList(Node node) {
        System.out.print("Linked List: ");
        while (node != null) {
            System.out.print(node.value + " ");
            node = node.next;
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Node node1 = new Node(2);
        node1.next = new Node(3);
        node1.next.next = new Node(5);
        node1.next.next.next = new Node(6);

        Node node2 = new Node(1);
        node2.next = new Node(2);
        node2.next.next = new Node(5);
        node2.next.next.next = new Node(7);
        node2.next.next.next.next = new Node(8);

        printLinkedList(node1);
        printLinkedList(node2);
        printCommonPart(node1, node2);

    }

}

链表问题

空间复杂度O(1) 面试中重点是O(1)

时间复杂度O(n)

如果用辅助空间，下面的题目都很easy

题目十一：判断一个链表是否为回文结构

【题目】给定一个链表的头节点head，请判断该链表是否为回
文结构。例如： 1->2->1，返回true。 1->2->2->1，返回true。
15->6->15，返回true。 1->2->3，返回false。

进阶：如果链表长度为N，时间复杂度达到O(N)，额外空间复杂
度达到O(1)。

1、放入栈 O(N)

2、快慢指针 O(N/2)

3、面试中，快慢指针 O(1)

完美解法

快指针 2步，走完

慢指针1步，重点

右半部分逆序

一一比对，相同的话，True,False

数据要恢复回来

package class_03;

import java.util.Stack;

public class Code_11_IsPalindromeList {

    public static class Node {
        public int value;
        public Node next;

        public Node(int data) {
            this.value = data;
        }
    }

    // need n extra space
    public static boolean isPalindrome1(Node head) {
        Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
        Node cur = head;
        while (cur != null) {
            stack.push(cur);
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        while (head != null) {
            if (head.value != stack.pop().value) {
                return false;
            }
            head = head.next;
        }
        return true;
    }

    // need n/2 extra space
    public static boolean isPalindrome2(Node head) {
        if (head == null || head.next == null) {
            return true;
        }
        Node right = head.next;
        Node cur = head;
        while (cur.next != null && cur.next.next != null) {
            right = right.next;
            cur = cur.next.next;
        }
        Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
        while (right != null) {
            stack.push(right);
            right = right.next;
        }
        while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
            if (head.value != stack.pop().value) {
                return false;
            }
            head = head.next;
        }
        return true;
    }

    // need O(1) extra space
    public static boolean isPalindrome3(Node head) {
        if (head == null || head.next == null) {
            return true;
        }
        Node n1 = head;
        Node n2 = head;
        while (n2.next != null && n2.next.next != null) { // find mid node
            n1 = n1.next; // n1 -> mid
            n2 = n2.next.next; // n2 -> end
        }
        n2 = n1.next; // n2 -> right part first node
        n1.next = null; // mid.next -> null
        Node n3 = null;
        while (n2 != null) { // right part convert
            n3 = n2.next; // n3 -> save next node
            n2.next = n1; // next of right node convert
            n1 = n2; // n1 move
            n2 = n3; // n2 move
        }
        n3 = n1; // n3 -> save last node
        n2 = head;// n2 -> left first node
        boolean res = true;
        while (n1 != null && n2 != null) { // check palindrome
            if (n1.value != n2.value) {
                res = false;
                break;
            }
            n1 = n1.next; // left to mid
            n2 = n2.next; // right to mid
        }
        n1 = n3.next;
        n3.next = null;
        while (n1 != null) { // recover list
            n2 = n1.next;
            n1.next = n3;
            n3 = n1;
            n1 = n2;
        }
        return res;
    }

    public static void printLinkedList(Node node) {
        System.out.print("Linked List: ");
        while (node != null) {
            System.out.print(node.value + " ");
            node = node.next;
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Node head = null;
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.print(isPalindrome1(head) + " | ");
        System.out.print(isPalindrome2(head) + " | ");
        System.out.println(isPalindrome3(head) + " | ");
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.println("=========================");

        head = new Node(1);
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.print(isPalindrome1(head) + " | ");
        System.out.print(isPalindrome2(head) + " | ");
        System.out.println(isPalindrome3(head) + " | ");
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.println("=========================");

        head = new Node(1);
        head.next = new Node(2);
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.print(isPalindrome1(head) + " | ");
        System.out.print(isPalindrome2(head) + " | ");
        System.out.println(isPalindrome3(head) + " | ");
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.println("=========================");

        head = new Node(1);
        head.next = new Node(1);
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.print(isPalindrome1(head) + " | ");
        System.out.print(isPalindrome2(head) + " | ");
        System.out.println(isPalindrome3(head) + " | ");
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.println("=========================");

        head = new Node(1);
        head.next = new Node(2);
        head.next.next = new Node(3);
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.print(isPalindrome1(head) + " | ");
        System.out.print(isPalindrome2(head) + " | ");
        System.out.println(isPalindrome3(head) + " | ");
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.println("=========================");

        head = new Node(1);
        head.next = new Node(2);
        head.next.next = new Node(1);
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.print(isPalindrome1(head) + " | ");
        System.out.print(isPalindrome2(head) + " | ");
        System.out.println(isPalindrome3(head) + " | ");
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.println("=========================");

        head = new Node(1);
        head.next = new Node(2);
        head.next.next = new Node(3);
        head.next.next.next = new Node(1);
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.print(isPalindrome1(head) + " | ");
        System.out.print(isPalindrome2(head) + " | ");
        System.out.println(isPalindrome3(head) + " | ");
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.println("=========================");

        head = new Node(1);
        head.next = new Node(2);
        head.next.next = new Node(2);
        head.next.next.next = new Node(1);
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.print(isPalindrome1(head) + " | ");
        System.out.print(isPalindrome2(head) + " | ");
        System.out.println(isPalindrome3(head) + " | ");
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.println("=========================");

        head = new Node(1);
        head.next = new Node(2);
        head.next.next = new Node(3);
        head.next.next.next = new Node(2);
        head.next.next.next.next = new Node(1);
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.print(isPalindrome1(head) + " | ");
        System.out.print(isPalindrome2(head) + " | ");
        System.out.println(isPalindrome3(head) + " | ");
        printLinkedList(head);
        System.out.println("=========================");

    }

}

左神：推荐用C++代码

不要求有语言特性

比如 range(len(array))

题目十二:将单向链表按某值划分成左边小、中间相等、右边大的形式

荷兰国旗问题

【题目】给定一个单向链表的头节点head，节点的值类型是整型，再给定一个
整数pivot。实现一个调整链表的函数，将链表调整为左部分都是值小于 pivot
的节点，中间部分都是值等于pivot的节点，右部分都是值大于 pivot的节点。
除这个要求外，对调整后的节点顺序没有更多的要求。例如：链表9->0->4->5-
>1，pivot=3。调整后链表可以是1->0->4->9->5，也可以是0->1->9->5->4。总
之，满足左部分都是小于3的节点，中间部分都是等于3的节点（本例中这个部
分为空），右部分都是大于3的节点即可。对某部分内部的节点顺序不做要求。

与面试官聊天

1、什么是稳定性

2、荷兰国旗不具有稳定性

3、链表问题可以省略空间完成

4、你coding达标

让他因为你想问题的方式喜欢你

进阶：在原问题的要求之上再增加如下两个要求。
在左、中、右三个部分的内部也做顺序要求，要求每部分里的节点从左到右的
顺序与原链表中节点的先后次序一致。例如：链表9->0->4->5->1，pivot=3。
调整后的链表是0->1->9->4->5。在满足原问题要求的同时，左部分节点从左到
右为0、1。在原链表中也是先出现0，后出现1；中间部分在本例中为空，不再
讨论；右部分节点从左到右为9、4、5。在原链表中也是先出现9，然后出现4，
最后出现5。
如果链表长度为N，时间复杂度请达到O(N)，额外空间复杂度请达到O(1)。

package class_03;

public class Code_12_SmallerEqualBigger {

    public static class Node {
        public int value;
        public Node next;

        public Node(int data) {
            this.value = data;
        }
    }

    public static Node listPartition1(Node head, int pivot) {
        if (head == null) {
            return head;
        }
        Node cur = head;
        int i = 0;
        while (cur != null) {
            i++;
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        Node[] nodeArr = new Node[i];
        i = 0;
        cur = head;
        for (i = 0; i != nodeArr.length; i++) {
            nodeArr[i] = cur;
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        arrPartition(nodeArr, pivot);
        for (i = 1; i != nodeArr.length; i++) {
            nodeArr[i - 1].next = nodeArr[i];
        }
        nodeArr[i - 1].next = null;
        return nodeArr[0];
    }

    public static void arrPartition(Node[] nodeArr, int pivot) {
        int small = -1;
        int big = nodeArr.length;
        int index = 0;
        while (index != big) {
            if (nodeArr[index].value < pivot) {
                swap(nodeArr, ++small, index++);
            } else if (nodeArr[index].value == pivot) {
                index++;
            } else {
                swap(nodeArr, --big, index);
            }
        }
    }

    public static void swap(Node[] nodeArr, int a, int b) {
        Node tmp = nodeArr[a];
        nodeArr[a] = nodeArr[b];
        nodeArr[b] = tmp;
    }

    public static Node listPartition2(Node head, int pivot) {
        Node sH = null; // small head
        Node sT = null; // small tail
        Node eH = null; // equal head
        Node eT = null; // equal tail
        Node bH = null; // big head
        Node bT = null; // big tail
        Node next = null; // save next node
        // every node distributed to three lists
        while (head != null) {
            next = head.next;
            head.next = null;
            if (head.value < pivot) {
                if (sH == null) {
                    sH = head;
                    sT = head;
                } else {
                    sT.next = head;
                    sT = head;
                }
            } else if (head.value == pivot) {
                if (eH == null) {
                    eH = head;
                    eT = head;
                } else {
                    eT.next = head;
                    eT = head;
                }
            } else {
                if (bH == null) {
                    bH = head;
                    bT = head;
                } else {
                    bT.next = head;
                    bT = head;
                }
            }
            head = next;
        }
        // small and equal reconnect
        if (sT != null) {
            sT.next = eH;
            eT = eT == null ? sT : eT;
        }
        // all reconnect
        if (eT != null) {
            eT.next = bH;
        }
        return sH != null ? sH : eH != null ? eH : bH;
    }

    public static void printLinkedList(Node node) {
        System.out.print("Linked List: ");
        while (node != null) {
            System.out.print(node.value + " ");
            node = node.next;
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Node head1 = new Node(7);
        head1.next = new Node(9);
        head1.next.next = new Node(1);
        head1.next.next.next = new Node(8);
        head1.next.next.next.next = new Node(5);
        head1.next.next.next.next.next = new Node(2);
        head1.next.next.next.next.next.next = new Node(5);
        printLinkedList(head1);
        // head1 = listPartition1(head1, 4);
        head1 = listPartition2(head1, 5);
        printLinkedList(head1);

    }

}

题目十三：复制含有随机指针节点的链表

【题目】一种特殊的链表节点类描述如下：
public class Node { public int value; public Node next; public
Node rand;
public Node(int data) { this.value = data; }
}
Node类中的value是节点值，next指针和正常单链表中next指针的意义
一样，都指向下一个节点，rand指针是Node类中新增的指针，这个指
针可能指向链表中的任意一个节点，也可能指向null。给定一个由
Node节点类型组成的无环单链表的头节点head，请实现一个函数完成
这个链表中所有结构的复制，并返回复制的新链表的头节点。进阶：
不使用额外的数据结构，只用有限几个变量，且在时间复杂度为 O(N)
内完成原问题要实现的函数。

1、 hash表

key:value

hashMap<>()

O(1) 增删改查全是常数时间

2、不使用hash表的方法

package class_03;

import java.util.HashMap;

public class Code_13_CopyListWithRandom {

    public static class Node {
        public int value;
        public Node next;
        public Node rand;

        public Node(int data) {
            this.value = data;
        }
    }

    public static Node copyListWithRand1(Node head) {
        HashMap<Node, Node> map = new HashMap<Node, Node>();
        Node cur = head;
        while (cur != null) {
            map.put(cur, new Node(cur.value));
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        cur = head;
        while (cur != null) {
            map.get(cur).next = map.get(cur.next);
            map.get(cur).rand = map.get(cur.rand);
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        return map.get(head);
    }

    public static Node copyListWithRand2(Node head) {
        if (head == null) {
            return null;
        }
        Node cur = head;
        Node next = null;
        // copy node and link to every node
        while (cur != null) {
            next = cur.next;
            cur.next = new Node(cur.value);
            cur.next.next = next;
            cur = next;
        }
        cur = head;
        Node curCopy = null;
        // set copy node rand
        while (cur != null) {
            next = cur.next.next;
            curCopy = cur.next;
            curCopy.rand = cur.rand != null ? cur.rand.next : null;
            cur = next;
        }
        Node res = head.next;
        cur = head;
        // split
        while (cur != null) {
            next = cur.next.next;
            curCopy = cur.next;
            cur.next = next;
            curCopy.next = next != null ? next.next : null;
            cur = next;
        }
        return res;
    }

    public static void printRandLinkedList(Node head) {
        Node cur = head;
        System.out.print("order: ");
        while (cur != null) {
            System.out.print(cur.value + " ");
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        System.out.println();
        cur = head;
        System.out.print("rand:  ");
        while (cur != null) {
            System.out.print(cur.rand == null ? "- " : cur.rand.value + " ");
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Node head = null;
        Node res1 = null;
        Node res2 = null;
        printRandLinkedList(head);
        res1 = copyListWithRand1(head);
        printRandLinkedList(res1);
        res2 = copyListWithRand2(head);
        printRandLinkedList(res2);
        printRandLinkedList(head);
        System.out.println("=========================");

        head = new Node(1);
        head.next = new Node(2);
        head.next.next = new Node(3);
        head.next.next.next = new Node(4);
        head.next.next.next.next = new Node(5);
        head.next.next.next.next.next = new Node(6);

        head.rand = head.next.next.next.next.next; // 1 -> 6
        head.next.rand = head.next.next.next.next.next; // 2 -> 6
        head.next.next.rand = head.next.next.next.next; // 3 -> 5
        head.next.next.next.rand = head.next.next; // 4 -> 3
        head.next.next.next.next.rand = null; // 5 -> null
        head.next.next.next.next.next.rand = head.next.next.next; // 6 -> 4

        printRandLinkedList(head);
        res1 = copyListWithRand1(head);
        printRandLinkedList(res1);
        res2 = copyListWithRand2(head);
        printRandLinkedList(res2);
        printRandLinkedList(head);
        System.out.println("=========================");

    }

}

题目十四：两个单链表相交的一系列问题

【题目】在本题中，单链表可能有环，也可能无环。给定两个
单链表的头节点 head1和head2，这两个链表可能相交，也可能
不相交。请实现一个函数，如果两个链表相交，请返回相交的
第一个节点；如果不相交，返回null 即可。要求：如果链表1
的长度为N，链表2的长度为M，时间复杂度请达到 O(N+M)，额外
空间复杂度请达到O(1)。

包含3个问题

1、判断一个单链表有环无环

2、判断两个无环单链接第一个相交的节点

3、判断两个有环单链表第一个相交的节点

1、判断有无环：hash表

判断key是否进入hash

return 入环节点第一个

hashset 只含有key

hashmap

1.2 快慢指针

快 2步 ---》遇到null 无环

慢 1步

如果有环，快指针慢指针一定会在环上相遇

相遇的时刻，F快指针回到开头

F快指针一次走2步改为一次1步

结论：快指针慢指针一定会在第1个入环节点相遇

2、判断是否相交：使用map

遍历head1，放入map

遍历链表2，if 不存在key，则不相交

if 存在key，则相交于第一个节点

2.2 不适用map

遍历head1，return 长度L1 与最后一个节点end1

遍历head2，return 长度L2 与最后一个节点end2

先比较end1 与end2的内存地址相等

end1 != end2 不相交

end1 == end2 相交

假如 L1 = 100 L2 =80

head1 先走20步

head1与head2一起走

一定会走到相交的第一个节点

3、2个链表有环

3种拓扑关系

4个变量解决

head1 head2

loop1 loop2

1）loop1 == loo2 内存地址，第二种结构

等同于无环连接相交

2）loop1 ！= loop2

loop1 == loop1.next 往下走，

if loop1没遇到了loop2 第一种结构

if loop1 遇到了 loop2 第二种结构

package class_03;

public class Code_14_FindFirstIntersectNode {

    public static class Node {
        public int value;
        public Node next;

        public Node(int data) {
            this.value = data;
        }
    }

    
    // 主函数，head1 head2传入，返回第一个相交节点
    public static Node getIntersectNode(Node head1, Node head2) {
        if (head1 == null || head2 == null) {
            return null;
        }
        Node loop1 = getLoopNode(head1);   
        Node loop2 = getLoopNode(head2);
        if (loop1 == null && loop2 == null) {
            return noLoop(head1, head2);   // 2个无环链表相交问题
        }
        
        
        if (loop1 != null && loop2 != null) {
            return bothLoop(head1, loop1, head2, loop2);  // 2个有环链表相交问题
        }
        return null;
    }

    // 快慢指针，返回第一个入环节点
    public static Node getLoopNode(Node head) {
        if (head == null || head.next == null || head.next.next == null) {
            return null;
        }
        Node n1 = head.next; // n1 -> slow
        Node n2 = head.next.next; // n2 -> fast
        while (n1 != n2) {
            if (n2.next == null || n2.next.next == null) {
                return null;
            }
            n2 = n2.next.next;
            n1 = n1.next;
        }
        n2 = head; // n2 -> walk again from head
        while (n1 != n2) {
            n1 = n1.next;
            n2 = n2.next;
        }
        return n1;
    }

    
    public static Node noLoop(Node head1, Node head2) {
        if (head1 == null || head2 == null) {
            return null;
        }
        Node cur1 = head1;
        Node cur2 = head2;
        int n = 0;
        while (cur1.next != null) {
            n++;
            cur1 = cur1.next;
        }
        while (cur2.next != null) {
            n--;
            cur2 = cur2.next;
        }
        if (cur1 != cur2) {
            return null;
        }
        cur1 = n > 0 ? head1 : head2;
        cur2 = cur1 == head1 ? head2 : head1;
        n = Math.abs(n);
        while (n != 0) {
            n--;
            cur1 = cur1.next;
        }
        while (cur1 != cur2) {
            cur1 = cur1.next;
            cur2 = cur2.next;
        }
        return cur1;
    }

    public static Node bothLoop(Node head1, Node loop1, Node head2, Node loop2) {
        Node cur1 = null;
        Node cur2 = null;
        if (loop1 == loop2) {
            cur1 = head1;
            cur2 = head2;
            int n = 0;
            while (cur1 != loop1) {
                n++;
                cur1 = cur1.next;
            }
            while (cur2 != loop2) {
                n--;
                cur2 = cur2.next;
            }
            
            
            // 定位谁是长链表
            cur1 = n > 0 ? head1 : head2;
            cur2 = cur1 == head1 ? head2 : head1;
            
            n = Math.abs(n);
            while (n != 0) {
                n--;
                cur1 = cur1.next;
            }
            while (cur1 != cur2) {
                cur1 = cur1.next;
                cur2 = cur2.next;
            }
            return cur1;
        } else {
            cur1 = loop1.next;
            while (cur1 != loop1) {
                if (cur1 == loop2) {
                    return loop1;
                }
                cur1 = cur1.next;
            }
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 1->2->3->4->5->6->7->null
        Node head1 = new Node(1);
        head1.next = new Node(2);
        head1.next.next = new Node(3);
        head1.next.next.next = new Node(4);
        head1.next.next.next.next = new Node(5);
        head1.next.next.next.next.next = new Node(6);
        head1.next.next.next.next.next.next = new Node(7);

        // 0->9->8->6->7->null
        Node head2 = new Node(0);
        head2.next = new Node(9);
        head2.next.next = new Node(8);
        head2.next.next.next = head1.next.next.next.next.next; // 8->6
        System.out.println(getIntersectNode(head1, head2).value);

        // 1->2->3->4->5->6->7->4...
        head1 = new Node(1);
        head1.next = new Node(2);
        head1.next.next = new Node(3);
        head1.next.next.next = new Node(4);
        head1.next.next.next.next = new Node(5);
        head1.next.next.next.next.next = new Node(6);
        head1.next.next.next.next.next.next = new Node(7);
        head1.next.next.next.next.next.next = head1.next.next.next; // 7->4

        // 0->9->8->2...
        head2 = new Node(0);
        head2.next = new Node(9);
        head2.next.next = new Node(8);
        head2.next.next.next = head1.next; // 8->2
        System.out.println(getIntersectNode(head1, head2).value);

        // 0->9->8->6->4->5->6..
        head2 = new Node(0);
        head2.next = new Node(9);
        head2.next.next = new Node(8);
        head2.next.next.next = head1.next.next.next.next.next; // 8->6
        System.out.println(getIntersectNode(head1, head2).value);

    }

}

左神笔录

笔试：能够就行

面试：能装逼就装逼

posted @ 2018-11-27 00:49 venicid 阅读(324) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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