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【SpringData&JPA从入门到精通】01-SpringData-Repository

笔记来源:尚硅谷SpringData教程(springdata经典,spring data快速上手)

Repository

1、Repository 接口

Repository 接口是 Spring Data 的一个核心接口,它不提供任何方法(空接口/标记接口),开发者需要在自己定义的接口中声明需要的方法

public interface Repository<T,ID extends Serializable>{}

Spring Data 可以让我们只定义接口,只要遵循 Spring Data 的规范,就无需写实现类

若我们定义的接口继承了 Repository,则该接口会被 IOC 容器识别为一个 Repository Bean 纳入到 IOC 容器中,进而可以在该接口中定义满足一定规范的方法

public interface PersonRepository extends Repository<Person, Integer>
{
    Person getByLastName(String lastName);
}

与继承 Repository 等价的一种方式,就是在持久层接口上使用 @RepositoryDefinition 注解,并为其指定 domainClassidClass 属性

@RepositoryDefinition(domainClass = Person.class, idClass = Integer.class)
public interface PersonRepository
{
    Person getByLastName(String lastName);
}

2、Repository 子接口

基础的 Repository 提供了最基本的数据访问功能,其几个子接口则扩展了一些功能。它们的继承关系如下:

  • Repository:仅仅是一个标识,表明任何继承它的均为 仓库接口类
  • CrudRepository:继承 Repository,实现了一组 CRUD 相关的方法
  • PagingAndSortingRepository:继承 CrudRepository,实现了一组分页排序相关的方法
  • JpaRepository:继承 PagingAndSortingRepository,实现一组 JPA 规范相关的方法
  • 自定义的 XxxRepository:需要继承 JpaRepository,这样的 XxxRepository 接口就具备了通用的数据访问控制层的能力
  • JpaSpecificationExecutor:不属于 Repository 体系,实现一组 JPA Criteria 查询相关的方法
Repository (org.springframework.data.repository)
----CrudRepository (org.springframework.data.repository)
--------PagingAndSortingRepository (org.springframework.data.repository)
------------JpaRepository (org.springframework.data.jpa.repository)
----------------SimpleJpaRepository (org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support)
--------------------QueryDslJpaRepository (org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support)

3、查询方法定义规范

在 Repository 子接口中声明方法不是随便声明的,而需要符合一定的规范

3.1、简单条件查询

简单条件查询:查询某一个实体类或者集合

按照 Spring Data 的规范,查询方法以 find | read | get 开头,涉及条件查询时,条件的属性用条件关键字连接,要注意的是:条件属性以首字母大写

例如:定义一个 Entity 实体类

class User{
    private String firstName;
    private String lastName;
}

使用 And 条件连接时,应这样写:

findByLastNameAndFirstName(String lastName, String firstName);

条件的属性名称与个数要与参数的位置与个数一对应

3.2、支持的关键字

直接在接口中定义查询方法,如果是符合规范的,可以不用写实现。目前支持的关键字写法如下:

Keyword Sample JPQL snippet
And findByLastnameAndFirstname ... where x.lastname=?1 and x.firstname=?2
Or findByLastnameOrFirstname ... where x.lastname=?1 or x.firstname=?2
Between findByStartDateBetween ... where x.startDate between 1? and ?2
LessThan findByAgeLessThan ... where x.age<?1
GreaterThan findByAgeGreaterThan ... where x.age>?1
After findByStartDateAfter ... where x.startDate>?1
Before findByStartDateBefore ... where x.startDate<?1
IsNull findByAgelsNull ... where x.age is null
IsNotNull, NotNull findByAge(Is)NotNull ... where x.age not null
Like findByFirstnameLike ... where x.firstname like ?1
Notlike findByFirstnameNotlike ... where x.firstname not like ?1
StartingWith findByFirstnameStartingWith ... where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound with appended %)
Endingwith findByFirstnameEndingWith ... where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound with prepended %)
Containing findByFirstnameContaining ... where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound wrapped in %)
OrderBy findByAgeOrderByLastnameDesc ... where x.age=?1 order by x.lastname desc
Not findByLastnameNot ... where x.lastname<>?1
In findByAgeIn(Collection<Age> ages) ... where x.age in ?1
Notin findByAgeNotin(Colection<Age> ages) ... where x.age not in ?1
TRUE findByActiveTrue() ... where x.active=true
FALSE findByActiveFALSE() ... where x.active=false

测试方法 1

PersonRepository 类

List<Person> findByLastNameStartingWithAndIdLessThan(String lastname, Integer id);

Test 类

@Test
public void testFindByLastNameEndingWithAndIdLessThan() {
    List<Person> personList = repository.findByLastNameStartingWithAndIdLessThan("X", 30);
    System.out.println(personList);
}

日志信息

Hibernate: 
    select
        person0_.id as id1_0_,
        person0_.birth_day as birth_da2_0_,
        person0_.email as email3_0_,
        person0_.last_name as last_nam4_0_ 
    from
        jpa_persons person0_ 
    where
        (
            person0_.last_name like ?
        ) 
        and person0_.id<?
[Person{id=24, lastName='XX', email='XX@qq.com', birthDay=2022-05-21 22:48:34.0}, Person{id=27, lastName='XY', email='XY@qq.com', birthDay=2022-05-21 22:48:34.0}]

测试方法 2

PersonRepository 类

List<Person> findByEmailInAndBirthDayLessThan(List<String> emailList, Date birthDay);

Test 类

@Test
public void testFindByEmailInAndBirthDayBetween() {
    List<String> emailList = Arrays.asList("AA@qq.com", "CC@qq.com");
    List<Person> personList = repository.findByEmailInAndBirthDayLessThan(emailList, new Date());
    System.out.println(personList);
}

日志信息

Hibernate: 
    select
        person0_.id as id1_0_,
        person0_.birth_day as birth_da2_0_,
        person0_.email as email3_0_,
        person0_.last_name as last_nam4_0_ 
    from
        jpa_persons person0_ 
    where
        (
            person0_.email in (
                ? , ?
            )
        ) 
        and person0_.birth_day<?
[Person{id=1, lastName='AA', email='AA@qq.com', birthDay=2022-05-21 22:48:34.0}, Person{id=3, lastName='CC', email='CC@qq.com', birthDay=2022-05-21 22:48:34.0}]

4、查询方法解析流程

假如创建如下的查询:findByUserDepUuid(),框架在解析该方法时,首先剔除 findBy,然后对剩下的属性进行解析,假设查询实体为 Doc

  • 步骤 1:先判断 userDepUuid(根据 POJO 规范,首字母变为小写)是否为查询实体的一个属性
    • 如果是,则表示根据该属性进行查询
    • 如果没有该属性,继续第二步;
  • 步骤 2:从右往左截取第一个大写字母开头的字符串(此处为 Uuid),然后检查剩下的字符串是否为查询实体的一个属性
    • 如果是,则表示根据该属性进行查询
    • 如果没有该属性,则重复第二步,继续从右往左截取;最后假设 user 为查询实体的一个属性
  • 步骤 3:接着处理剩下部分(DepUuid),先判断 user 所对应的类型是否有 depUuid 属性
    • 如果有,则表示该方法最终是根据 Doc.user.depUuid 的取值进行查询
    • 否则继续按照步骤 2 的规则从右往左截取,最终表示根据 Doc.user.dep.uuid 的值进行查询。
  • 步骤 4:可能会存在一种特殊情况,比如 Doc 包含一个 user 的属性,也有一个 userDep 属性,此时会存在混淆。可以明确在属性之间加上 _ 以显式表达意图,比如 findByUser_DepUuid() 或者 findByUserDep_uuid()

特殊的参数:还可以直接在方法的参数上加入分页或排序的参数,比如:

Page<UserModel> findByName(String name, Pageable pageable);
List<UserModel> findByName(String name, Sort sor);

测试方法 1

Person 类

@Table(name = "JPA_PERSONS")
@Entity
public class Person
{
    // ...
    private Address address;

    @JoinColumn(name = "ADD_ID")
    @ManyToOne
    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
}

PersonRepository 类

 List<Person> findByAddressId(Integer addressId);

Test 类

@Test
public void testFindByAddressId() {
    List<Person> personList = repository.findByAddressId(123);
    System.out.println(personList);
}

日志信息

Hibernate: 
    select
        person0_.id as id1_1_,
        person0_.address_id as address_5_1_,
        person0_.birth_day as birth_da2_1_,
        person0_.email as email3_1_,
        person0_.last_name as last_nam4_1_ 
    from
        jpa_persons person0_ 
    left outer join
        jpa_addesss address1_ 
            on person0_.address_id=address1_.id 
    where
        address1_.id=?
[]

修改 Person 类

@Table(name = "JPA_PERSONS")
@Entity
public class Person
{
    // ...
    private Address address;
    private Integer addressId;
    
    @JoinColumn(name = "ADD_ID")
    @ManyToOne
    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
    
    public Integer getAddressId() {
        return addressId;
    }

    public void setAddressId(Integer addressId) {
        this.addressId = addressId;
    }
}

再次测试,查看日志信息

Hibernate: 
    select
        person0_.id as id1_1_,
        person0_.add_id as add_id6_1_,
        person0_.address_id as address_2_1_,
        person0_.birth_day as birth_da3_1_,
        person0_.email as email4_1_,
        person0_.last_name as last_nam5_1_ 
    from
        jpa_persons person0_ 
    where
        person0_.address_id=?
[]

查询方法支持属性的级联查询。若当前类有符合条件的属性,则优先使用类中的属性,而不使用级联属性

若需要使用级联属性,则属性之间使用进行 _(下划线)连接

测试方法 2

PersonRepository 类

List<Person> findByAddress_Id(Integer addressId);

Test 类

@Test
public void testFindByAddress_Id() {
    List<Person> personList = repository.findByAddress_Id(123);
    System.out.println(personList);
}

日志信息

Hibernate: 
    select
        person0_.id as id1_1_,
        person0_.add_id as add_id6_1_,
        person0_.address_id as address_2_1_,
        person0_.birth_day as birth_da3_1_,
        person0_.email as email4_1_,
        person0_.last_name as last_nam5_1_ 
    from
        jpa_persons person0_ 
    left outer join
        jpa_addesss address1_ 
            on person0_.add_id=address1_.id 
    where
        address1_.id=?
[]
posted @ 2022-05-22 20:15  VectorX  阅读(79)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报