Vim配置详解

1. 通用配置

在用户家目录下创建配置文件~/.vimrc，通用配置如下：

"===通用配置==="

"去掉vi的一致性"
set nocompatible
"显示行号"
"set number
"隐藏滚动条"
set guioptions-=r 
set guioptions-=L
set guioptions-=b
"隐藏顶部标签栏"
set showtabline=0
"设置字体"
set guifont=Monaco:h13
"开启语法高亮"
syntax on
"solarized主题设置在终端下的设置"
let g:solarized_termcolors=256
"设置背景色"
set background=dark
"颜色主题"
colorscheme solarized
"设置不折行"
set nowrap
"设置以unix的格式保存文件"
set fileformat=unix
"设置C样式的缩进格式"
set cindent
"设置tab长度"
set tabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
"显示匹配的括号"
set showmatch
"距离顶部和底部5行"
set scrolloff=5
"命令行为两行"
set laststatus=2
"文件编码"
set fenc=utf-8
set backspace=2
"启用鼠标"
set mouse=a
set selection=exclusive
set selectmode=mouse,key
set matchtime=5
"忽略大小写"
set ignorecase
set incsearch
"高亮搜索项"
set hlsearch
"不允许扩展tab"
set noexpandtab
set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l
set autoread
"突出显示当前行"
"set cursorline
"突出显示当前列"
set cursorcolumn
"按F9进入粘贴模式"
set nopaste
set pastetoggle=<F9>

2. 常用插件配置

2.1 环境说明

Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS
Vim 8.0
Python 3.6.7

2.2 安装并设置Vundle核心插件

git clone https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim

编辑~/.vimrc文件，添加以下内容：

"===设置Vundle核心插件==="

filetype off
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
call vundle#begin()
"安装的插件列表"
"核心插件，用于安装其他所有插件"
Plugin 'VundleVim/Vundle.vim'
"美化状态栏"
Plugin 'powerline/powerline'
"类似IDE的补全插件"
Plugin 'ycm-core/YouCompleteMe'
"添加一个树形目录"
Plugin 'preservim/nerdtree'
"缩进指示线"
Plugin 'Yggdroot/indentLine'
"自动格式化代码"
Plugin 'tell-k/vim-autopep8'
"括号和引号自动补全"
Plugin 'jiangmiao/auto-pairs'
"多行注释"
Plugin 'preservim/nerdcommenter'
"实时语法检查"
Plugin 'vim-syntastic/syntastic'
"美化状态栏"
Plugin 'Lokaltog/vim-powerline'
call vundle#end()
"开启文件类型自动检测，编写代码时自动换行对齐"
filetype plugin indent on

保存文件并使用以下命令安装插件：

:PluginInstall

2.3 编译YouCompleteMe插件

apt-get install build-essential cmake
apt-get install python3-dev
apt-get install python-dev  ##可选，最新版Debian系统bullseye（testing版本）已经移除python2，只支持python3

cd ~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe
git submodule update --init --recursive
./install.py

遇到的问题：

YouCompleteMe unavailable: requires Vim 8.1.2269+.

Vim提示以上错误，原因是当前最新版的YouCompleteMe插件要求Vim的版本为8.1.2269+，必须升级Vim，Debian 10自带的Vim版本达不到要求。
源码编译安装Vim太麻烦，可以考虑使用Debian bullseye（testing版本）自带的Vim 8.2以上的版本。

The ycmd server SHUT DOWN (restart with ':YcmRestartServer'). Unexpected error while loading the YCM core library. Type ':YcmToggleLogs ycmd_46199_stderr_zazh98c3.log' to check the logs.

  File "/root/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/ycmd/utils.py", line 498, in ImportAndCheckCore
    ycm_core = ImportCore()
  File "/root/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/ycmd/utils.py", line 489, in ImportCore
    import ycm_core as ycm_core
ImportError: Python version mismatch: module was compiled for Python 3.7, but the interpreter version is incompatible: 3.8.5 (default, Aug  2 2020, 15:09:07)
[GCC 10.2.0].

Vim提示以上错误，原因是Python版本从3.7升级到了3.8，原来编译的YouCompleteMe插件不兼容Python 3.8，必须重新基于3.8版本编译此插件。

3. 设置插件

3.1 设置一键运行Python代码（可用）

"===设置按F5运行Python==="

map <F5> :Autopep8<CR> :w<CR> :call RunPython()<CR>
function RunPython()
    let mp = &makeprg
    let ef = &errorformat
    let exeFile = expand("%:t")
    setlocal makeprg=python3\ -u
    set efm=%C\ %.%#,%A\ \ File\ \"%f\"\\,\ line\ %l%.%#,%Z%[%^\ ]%\\@=%m
    silent make %
    copen
    let &makeprg = mp
    let &errorformat = ef
endfunction

必须安装依赖包：

pip3 install autopep8

3.2 设置YouCompleteMe插件（可用）

"===设置YouCompleteMe插件==="

"默认配置文件路径"
let g:ycm_global_ycm_extra_conf = '~/.ycm_extra_conf.py'
"打开vim时不再询问是否加载ycm_extra_conf.py配置"
let g:ycm_confirm_extra_conf=0
set completeopt=longest,menu
"Python解释器路径"
let g:ycm_path_to_python_interpreter='/usr/bin/python3'
"是否开启语义补全"
let g:ycm_seed_identifiers_with_syntax=1
"是否在注释中也开启补全"
let g:ycm_complete_in_comments=1
let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_comments_and_strings = 0
"开始补全的字符数"
let g:ycm_min_num_of_chars_for_completion=2
"补全后自动关机预览窗口"
let g:ycm_autoclose_preview_window_after_completion=1
"禁止缓存匹配项,每次都重新生成匹配项"
let g:ycm_cache_omnifunc=0
"字符串中也开启补全"
let g:ycm_complete_in_strings = 1
"离开插入模式后自动关闭预览窗口"
autocmd InsertLeave * if pumvisible() == 0|pclose|endif

debian 10自带vim不支持python问题，vim打开文件会有以下提示：

YouCompleteMe unavailable: requires Vim compiled with Python (3.6.0+) support.
Press ENTER or type command to continue

必须安装以下依赖包：

apt-get install vim-gtk

3.3 设置NERDTree插件（可用）

"===设置NERDTree插件==="

"F2开启和关闭树"
map <F2> :NERDTreeToggle<CR>
let NERDTreeChDirMode=1
"显示书签"
let NERDTreeShowBookmarks=1
"设置忽略文件类型"
let NERDTreeIgnore=['\~$', '\.pyc$', '\.swp$']
"窗口大小"
let NERDTreeWinSize=25

3.4 设置indentLine插件（可用）

"===设置indentLine插件==="

"缩进指示线"
let g:indentLine_char='┆'
let g:indentLine_enabled = 1

3.5 设置autopep8插件（可用）

"===设置autopep8插件==="

let g:autopep8_disable_show_diff=1

3.6 设置nerdcommenter插件（可用）

"nerdcommenter的leader默认为\，可以用下面的命令更改"
let mapleader=','
"在normal模式下按v并移动光标选择需要注释的行，再按F4就可以为所有选中的行添加注释"
map <F4> <leader>ci <CR>

4. 完整配置示例

"===通用配置==="

"去掉vi的一致性"
set nocompatible
"显示行号"
"set number
"隐藏滚动条"
set guioptions-=r
set guioptions-=L
set guioptions-=b
"隐藏顶部标签栏"
set showtabline=0
"设置字体"
set guifont=Monaco:h13
"开启语法高亮"
syntax on
"solarized主题设置在终端下的设置"
let g:solarized_termcolors=256
"设置背景色"
set background=dark
"设置不折行"
set nowrap
"设置以unix的格式保存文件"
set fileformat=unix
"设置C样式的缩进格式"
set cindent
"设置tab长度"
set tabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
"显示匹配的括号"
set showmatch
"距离顶部和底部5行"
set scrolloff=5
"命令行为两行"
set laststatus=2
"文件编码"
set fenc=utf-8
set backspace=2
"忽略大小写"
set ignorecase
set incsearch
"高亮搜索项"
set hlsearch
"不允许扩展tab"
set noexpandtab
set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l
set autoread
"突出显示当前行"
"set cursorline
"突出显示当前列"
set cursorcolumn
"按F9进入粘贴模式"
set nopaste
set pastetoggle=<F9>

"===设置Vundle核心插件==="

filetype off
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
call vundle#begin()
"安装的插件列表"
Plugin 'VundleVim/Vundle.vim'
Plugin 'powerline/powerline'
Plugin 'ycm-core/YouCompleteMe'
Plugin 'preservim/nerdtree'
Plugin 'Yggdroot/indentLine'
Plugin 'tell-k/vim-autopep8'
Plugin 'jiangmiao/auto-pairs'
Plugin 'preservim/nerdcommenter'
Plugin 'vim-syntastic/syntastic'
Plugin 'Lokaltog/vim-powerline'
call vundle#end()
"开启文件类型自动检测，编写代码时自动换行对齐"
filetype plugin indent on

"===设置按F5运行Python==="

map <F5> :Autopep8<CR> :w<CR> :call RunPython()<CR>
function RunPython()
    let mp = &makeprg
    let ef = &errorformat
    let exeFile = expand("%:t")
    setlocal makeprg=python3\ -u
    set efm=%C\ %.%#,%A\ \ File\ \"%f\"\\,\ line\ %l%.%#,%Z%[%^\ ]%\\@=%m
    silent make %
    copen
    let &makeprg = mp
    let &errorformat = ef
endfunction

"===设置YouCompleteMe插件==="

"默认配置文件路径"
let g:ycm_global_ycm_extra_conf = '~/.ycm_extra_conf.py'
"打开vim时不再询问是否加载ycm_extra_conf.py配置"
let g:ycm_confirm_extra_conf=0
set completeopt=longest,menu
"Python解释器路径"
let g:ycm_path_to_python_interpreter='/usr/bin/python3'
"是否开启语义补全"
let g:ycm_seed_identifiers_with_syntax=1
"是否在注释中也开启补全"
let g:ycm_complete_in_comments=1
let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_comments_and_strings = 0
"开始补全的字符数"
let g:ycm_min_num_of_chars_for_completion=2
"补全后自动关机预览窗口"
let g:ycm_autoclose_preview_window_after_completion=1
"禁止缓存匹配项,每次都重新生成匹配项"
let g:ycm_cache_omnifunc=0
"字符串中也开启补全"
let g:ycm_complete_in_strings = 1
"离开插入模式后自动关闭预览窗口"
autocmd InsertLeave * if pumvisible() == 0|pclose|endif

"===设置NERDTree插件==="

"F2开启和关闭树"
map <F2> :NERDTreeToggle<CR>
let NERDTreeChDirMode=1
"显示书签"
let NERDTreeShowBookmarks=1
"设置忽略文件类型"
let NERDTreeIgnore=['\~$', '\.pyc$', '\.swp$']
"窗口大小"
let NERDTreeWinSize=25

"===设置indentLine插件==="

"缩进指示线"
let g:indentLine_char='┆'
let g:indentLine_enabled = 1

"===设置autopep8插件==="

let g:autopep8_disable_show_diff=1

"===设置nerdcommenter插件==="

"nerdcommenter的leader默认为\，可以用下面的命令更改"
let mapleader=','
"在normal模式下按v并移动光标选择需要注释的行，再按F4就可以为所有选中的行添加注释"
map <F4> <leader>ci <CR>

Debian的vim右键进入visual模式：

Debian默认装好vim之后，右键不能粘贴，反而进入了visual模式，甚是恼人，可通过如下方法修改。

vim版本：version 8.1.0875

修改方法：

编辑/usr/share/vim/vim81/defaults.vim文件，定位到第79行，在mouse=a的=前面加个-，如下：

if has('mouse')
    set mouse-=a
endif

保存退出即可生效。