【C#】【串口通信（Serial Port）】【实例】建议串口调试WinForm桌面应用实例——已实现功能<存在未知BUG>
1、界面组件
2、界面实现代码
1 namespace WinFormsApp1 2 { 3 partial class Form1 4 { 5 /// <summary> 6 /// Required designer variable. 7 /// </summary> 8 private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null; 9 10 /// <summary> 11 /// Clean up any resources being used. 12 /// </summary> 13 /// <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.</param> 14 protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) 15 { 16 if (disposing && (components != null)) 17 { 18 components.Dispose(); 19 } 20 base.Dispose(disposing); 21 } 22 23 #region Windows Form Designer generated code 24 25 /// <summary> 26 /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify 27 /// the contents of this method with the code editor. 28 /// </summary> 29 private void InitializeComponent() 30 { 31 this.groupBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox(); 32 this.btOpenSerial = new System.Windows.Forms.Button(); 33 this.label3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label(); 34 this.label5 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label(); 35 this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label(); 36 this.label4 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label(); 37 this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label(); 38 this.cbStop = new System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox(); 39 this.comboBox3 = new System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox(); 40 this.cbCheck = new System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox(); 41 this.cbDataBits = new System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox(); 42 this.cbBaudRate = new System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox(); 43 this.cbSerialPort = new System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox(); 44 this.groupBox2 = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox(); 45 this.btSendData = new System.Windows.Forms.Button(); 46 this.tbSendData = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox(); 47 this.groupBox3 = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox(); 48 this.rtbReceiveData = new System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox(); 49 this.lReceiveCount = new System.Windows.Forms.Label(); 50 this.groupBox1.SuspendLayout(); 51 this.groupBox2.SuspendLayout(); 52 this.groupBox3.SuspendLayout(); 53 this.SuspendLayout(); 54 // 55 // groupBox1 56 // 57 this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.btOpenSerial); 58 this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.label3); 59 this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.label5); 60 this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.label2); 61 this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.label4); 62 this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.label1); 63 this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.cbStop); 64 this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.comboBox3); 65 this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.cbCheck); 66 this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.cbDataBits); 67 this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.cbBaudRate); 68 this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.cbSerialPort); 69 this.groupBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 12); 70 this.groupBox1.Name = "groupBox1"; 71 this.groupBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(464, 160); 72 this.groupBox1.TabIndex = 0; 73 this.groupBox1.TabStop = false; 74 this.groupBox1.Text = "串口设置"; 75 // 76 // btOpenSerial 77 // 78 this.btOpenSerial.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(231, 112); 79 this.btOpenSerial.Name = "btOpenSerial"; 80 this.btOpenSerial.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(187, 26); 81 this.btOpenSerial.TabIndex = 2; 82 this.btOpenSerial.Text = "打开串口"; 83 this.btOpenSerial.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true; 84 this.btOpenSerial.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.btOpenSerial_Click); 85 // 86 // label3 87 // 88 this.label3.AutoSize = true; 89 this.label3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(22, 116); 90 this.label3.Name = "label3"; 91 this.label3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(56, 17); 92 this.label3.TabIndex = 1; 93 this.label3.Text = "停止位："; 94 // 95 // label5 96 // 97 this.label5.AutoSize = true; 98 this.label5.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(231, 74); 99 this.label5.Name = "label5"; 100 this.label5.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(56, 17); 101 this.label5.TabIndex = 1; 102 this.label5.Text = "校验位："; 103 // 104 // label2 105 // 106 this.label2.AutoSize = true; 107 this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(22, 74); 108 this.label2.Name = "label2"; 109 this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(56, 17); 110 this.label2.TabIndex = 1; 111 this.label2.Text = "波特率："; 112 // 113 // label4 114 // 115 this.label4.AutoSize = true; 116 this.label4.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(231, 30); 117 this.label4.Name = "label4"; 118 this.label4.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(56, 17); 119 this.label4.TabIndex = 1; 120 this.label4.Text = "数据位："; 121 // 122 // label1 123 // 124 this.label1.AutoSize = true; 125 this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(22, 30); 126 this.label1.Name = "label1"; 127 this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(44, 17); 128 this.label1.TabIndex = 1; 129 this.label1.Text = "串口："; 130 // 131 // cbStop 132 // 133 this.cbStop.DropDownStyle = System.Windows.Forms.ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList; 134 this.cbStop.FormattingEnabled = true; 135 this.cbStop.Items.AddRange(new object[] { 136 "1", 137 "1.5", 138 "2"}); 139 this.cbStop.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(88, 113); 140 this.cbStop.Name = "cbStop"; 141 this.cbStop.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(121, 25); 142 this.cbStop.TabIndex = 0; 143 // 144 // comboBox3 145 // 146 this.comboBox3.FormattingEnabled = true; 147 this.comboBox3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(88, 113); 148 this.comboBox3.Name = "comboBox3"; 149 this.comboBox3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(121, 25); 150 this.comboBox3.TabIndex = 0; 151 // 152 // cbCheck 153 // 154 this.cbCheck.DropDownStyle = System.Windows.Forms.ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList; 155 this.cbCheck.FormattingEnabled = true; 156 this.cbCheck.Items.AddRange(new object[] { 157 "None", 158 "Odd", 159 "Even"}); 160 this.cbCheck.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(297, 71); 161 this.cbCheck.Name = "cbCheck"; 162 this.cbCheck.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(121, 25); 163 this.cbCheck.TabIndex = 0; 164 // 165 // cbDataBits 166 // 167 this.cbDataBits.DropDownStyle = System.Windows.Forms.ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList; 168 this.cbDataBits.FormattingEnabled = true; 169 this.cbDataBits.Items.AddRange(new object[] { 170 "5", 171 "6", 172 "7", 173 "8"}); 174 this.cbDataBits.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(297, 27); 175 this.cbDataBits.Name = "cbDataBits"; 176 this.cbDataBits.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(121, 25); 177 this.cbDataBits.TabIndex = 0; 178 // 179 // cbBaudRate 180 // 181 this.cbBaudRate.DropDownStyle = System.Windows.Forms.ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList; 182 this.cbBaudRate.FormattingEnabled = true; 183 this.cbBaudRate.Items.AddRange(new object[] { 184 "9600", 185 "19200", 186 "38400", 187 "57600", 188 "115200"}); 189 this.cbBaudRate.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(88, 71); 190 this.cbBaudRate.Name = "cbBaudRate"; 191 this.cbBaudRate.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(121, 25); 192 this.cbBaudRate.TabIndex = 0; 193 // 194 // cbSerialPort 195 // 196 this.cbSerialPort.DropDownStyle = System.Windows.Forms.ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList; 197 this.cbSerialPort.FormattingEnabled = true; 198 this.cbSerialPort.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(88, 27); 199 this.cbSerialPort.Name = "cbSerialPort"; 200 this.cbSerialPort.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(121, 25); 201 this.cbSerialPort.TabIndex = 0; 202 // 203 // groupBox2 204 // 205 this.groupBox2.Controls.Add(this.btSendData); 206 this.groupBox2.Controls.Add(this.tbSendData); 207 this.groupBox2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 178); 208 this.groupBox2.Name = "groupBox2"; 209 this.groupBox2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(464, 88); 210 this.groupBox2.TabIndex = 1; 211 this.groupBox2.TabStop = false; 212 this.groupBox2.Text = "发送数据"; 213 // 214 // btSendData 215 // 216 this.btSendData.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(231, 36); 217 this.btSendData.Name = "btSendData"; 218 this.btSendData.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(187, 26); 219 this.btSendData.TabIndex = 2; 220 this.btSendData.Text = "发送数据"; 221 this.btSendData.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true; 222 this.btSendData.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.btSendData_Click); 223 // 224 // tbSendData 225 // 226 this.tbSendData.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(22, 39); 227 this.tbSendData.Name = "tbSendData"; 228 this.tbSendData.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(187, 23); 229 this.tbSendData.TabIndex = 0; 230 // 231 // groupBox3 232 // 233 this.groupBox3.Controls.Add(this.rtbReceiveData); 234 this.groupBox3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 272); 235 this.groupBox3.Name = "groupBox3"; 236 this.groupBox3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(464, 172); 237 this.groupBox3.TabIndex = 2; 238 this.groupBox3.TabStop = false; 239 this.groupBox3.Text = "接收数据"; 240 // 241 // rtbReceiveData 242 // 243 this.rtbReceiveData.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(22, 22); 244 this.rtbReceiveData.Name = "rtbReceiveData"; 245 this.rtbReceiveData.ScrollBars = System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBoxScrollBars.Vertical; 246 this.rtbReceiveData.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(396, 144); 247 this.rtbReceiveData.TabIndex = 0; 248 this.rtbReceiveData.Text = ""; 249 // 250 // lReceiveCount 251 // 252 this.lReceiveCount.AutoSize = true; 253 this.lReceiveCount.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 447); 254 this.lReceiveCount.Name = "lReceiveCount"; 255 this.lReceiveCount.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(0, 17); 256 this.lReceiveCount.TabIndex = 3; 257 // 258 // Form1 259 // 260 this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(7F, 17F); 261 this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font; 262 this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(488, 468); 263 this.Controls.Add(this.lReceiveCount); 264 this.Controls.Add(this.groupBox3); 265 this.Controls.Add(this.groupBox2); 266 this.Controls.Add(this.groupBox1); 267 this.Name = "Form1"; 268 this.Text = "Form1"; 269 this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Load); 270 this.groupBox1.ResumeLayout(false); 271 this.groupBox1.PerformLayout(); 272 this.groupBox2.ResumeLayout(false); 273 this.groupBox2.PerformLayout(); 274 this.groupBox3.ResumeLayout(false); 275 this.ResumeLayout(false); 276 this.PerformLayout(); 277 278 } 279 280 #endregion 281 282 private System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox groupBox1; 283 private System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox groupBox2; 284 private System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox groupBox3; 285 private System.Windows.Forms.Button btOpenSerial; 286 private System.Windows.Forms.Label label3; 287 private System.Windows.Forms.Label label5; 288 private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2; 289 private System.Windows.Forms.Label label4; 290 private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1; 291 private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox cbStop; 292 private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox comboBox3; 293 private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox cbCheck; 294 private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox cbDataBits; 295 private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox cbBaudRate; 296 private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox cbSerialPort; 297 private System.Windows.Forms.Button btSendData; 298 private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox tbSendData; 299 private System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox rtbReceiveData; 300 private System.Windows.Forms.Label lReceiveCount; 301 } 302 }
3、逻辑代码
1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.ComponentModel; 4 using System.Data; 5 using System.Drawing; 6 using System.Linq; 7 using System.Text; 8 using System.Threading.Tasks; 9 using System.Windows.Forms; 10 using System.IO.Ports; 11 12 namespace WinFormsApp1 13 { 14 public partial class Form1 : Form 15 { 16 SerialPort serialPort = new SerialPort(); 17 public Form1() 18 { 19 InitializeComponent(); 20 } 21 22 private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) 23 { 24 // 设置默认显示第几个选项 25 cbBaudRate.SelectedIndex = 0; 26 cbDataBits.SelectedIndex = 0; 27 cbCheck.SelectedIndex = 0; 28 cbStop.SelectedIndex = 0; 29 30 // GetPortNames()获取所有串口名称 31 string[] serialPortNames = SerialPort.GetPortNames(); 32 if (serialPortNames == null) // 本机端口共七个，均不可用 33 { 34 MessageBox.Show("本机没有可使用串口！", "Error"); 35 return; 36 } 37 else 38 {// 将所有本机串口名遍历加入串口comboBox组件中 39 foreach (string item in serialPortNames) 40 cbSerialPort.Items.Add(item); 41 42 } 43 cbSerialPort.SelectedIndex = 1; 44 45 serialPort.BaudRate = 9600; // 设置选中串口的波特率 46 Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false; // 线程安全检查 47 48 //** 49 serialPort.DataReceived += SerialPortsDataReceived; // 事件函数，接受串口数据 50 //** 51 52 serialPort.DtrEnable = true; // 获取或设置数据终端就绪(DTR)信号 53 serialPort.RtsEnable = true; // 获取或设置启用请求发送(RTS)信号 54 55 serialPort.ReadTimeout = 1000; // 设置数据读取超时为1秒 56 57 serialPort.Close(); 58 } 59 60 private void SerialPortsDataReceived(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e) 61 { 62 if (serialPort.IsOpen) // 判断串口是否启用 63 { 64 DateTime dt = DateTime.Now; 65 rtbReceiveData.Text = dt.GetDateTimeFormats('f')[0].ToString() + "\r\n"; 66 try 67 { 68 // 创建字节数组，接收串口发送的数据 69 Byte[] receivedData = new Byte[serialPort.BytesToRead]; 70 // 读取数据 71 serialPort.Read(receivedData, 0, receivedData.Length); 72 // 使用UTF8编码，保证中文不会乱码 73 AddContent(new UTF8Encoding().GetString(receivedData)); 74 } 75 catch (System.Exception ex) 76 { 77 MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "错误提示"); 78 // 捕获错误后，发送框置空 79 tbSendData.Text = ""; 80 } 81 } 82 else 83 MessageBox.Show("请打开某个串口", "错误提示"); 84 } 85 86 private void AddContent(String Content) 87 { 88 this.BeginInvoke(new MethodInvoker(delegate 89 { 90 rtbReceiveData.AppendText(Content); 91 rtbReceiveData.AppendText("\r\n"); 92 lReceiveCount.Text = (int.Parse(lReceiveCount.Text) + Content.Length).ToString(); 93 })); 94 } 95 96 private void btOpenSerial_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 97 { 98 if (!serialPort.IsOpen) 99 { 100 try 101 { 102 // 设置串口号 103 string serialName = cbSerialPort.SelectedItem.ToString(); 104 serialPort.PortName = serialName; 105 106 // ========================= 107 string strBaudRate = cbBaudRate.Text; 108 string strDataBits = cbDataBits.Text; 109 string strCheckBits = cbCheck.Text; 110 Double strStopBits = Convert.ToDouble(cbStop.Text); 111 strStopBits = Math.Round(strStopBits, 1); 112 //MessageBox.Show($"{cbCheck.Text}"); 113 114 int iBaudRate; 115 if (!int.TryParse(strBaudRate, out iBaudRate)) 116 { 117 MessageBox.Show("波特率参数不正确！", "错误"); 118 return; 119 } 120 serialPort.BaudRate = iBaudRate; 121 122 int iDataBits; 123 if (!int.TryParse(strDataBits, out iDataBits)) 124 { 125 MessageBox.Show("数据位参数不正确！", "错误"); 126 return; 127 } 128 serialPort.DataBits = iDataBits; 129 130 switch (strStopBits) // 停止位 131 { 132 case 1.0: 133 serialPort.StopBits = StopBits.One; 134 break; 135 case 1.5: 136 serialPort.StopBits = StopBits.OnePointFive; 137 break; 138 case 2.0: 139 serialPort.StopBits = StopBits.Two; 140 break; 141 default: 142 MessageBox.Show("Error：Stop参数不正确!", "Error"); 143 return; 144 } 145 146 switch (strCheckBits) // 校验位 147 { 148 case "None": 149 serialPort.Parity = Parity.None; 150 break; 151 case "Odd": 152 serialPort.Parity = Parity.Odd; 153 break; 154 case "Even": 155 serialPort.Parity = Parity.Even; 156 break; 157 default: 158 MessageBox.Show("Error：Check参数不正确!", "Error"); 159 return; 160 } 161 162 if (!serialPort.IsOpen) // 如果打开失败，则更新按钮文本为"打开串口" 163 btOpenSerial.Text = "打开串口"; 164 else // 否则更新按钮文本为"关闭串口" 165 btOpenSerial.Text = "关闭串口"; 166 167 //设置必要控件不可用 168 cbSerialPort.Enabled = false; 169 cbBaudRate.Enabled = false; 170 cbDataBits.Enabled = false; 171 cbStop.Enabled = false; 172 cbCheck.Enabled = false; 173 174 serialPort.Open(); 175 } 176 catch (System.Exception ex) 177 { 178 MessageBox.Show("Error" + ex.Message, "Error"); 179 return; 180 } 181 } 182 else 183 { 184 //恢复控件功能 185 //设置必要控件不可用 186 cbSerialPort.Enabled = true; 187 cbBaudRate.Enabled = true; 188 cbDataBits.Enabled = true; 189 cbStop.Enabled = true; 190 cbCheck.Enabled = true; 191 serialPort.Close(); //关闭串口 192 btOpenSerial.Text = "打开串口"; 193 } 194 } 195 196 private void btSendData_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 197 { 198 byte[] sendData = null; 199 if (!serialPort.IsOpen) //如果没打开 200 { 201 MessageBox.Show("请先打开串口！", "Error"); 202 return; 203 } 204 String strSend = tbSendData.Text; 205 try 206 { 207 sendData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(tbSendData.Text.Trim()); 208 //sp1.WriteLine(txtSendStr.Text); //写入数据 209 serialPort.Write(sendData, 0, sendData.Length); 210 } 211 catch (Exception ex) 212 { 213 MessageBox.Show("Error:" + ex.Message, "Error"); 214 } 215 } 216 217 } 218 }
4、效果展示
5、错误提醒
