Flutter学习笔记（36）--常用内置动画

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Flutter给我们提供了很多而且很好用的内置动画，这些动画仅仅需要简单的几行代码就可以实现一些不错的效果，Flutter的动画分为补间动画和基于物理的动画，基于物理的动画我们先不说。

补间动画很简单，Android里面也有补间动画，就是给UI设置初始的状态和结束状态，经过我们定义的一段时间，系统去帮助我们实现开始到结束的过渡变化，这就是补间动画。

今天我们要看的Flutter的内置动画就是补间动画，根据Flutter提供的动画组件，我们去设置初始、结尾的状态，并且定义一下这个变化过程所需要的时间，再经过系统的处理（其实就是setState()）来达到动画的效果。

接下来我们会写一下常用的内置动画组件，并且提供一下动画效果的gif，方便大家更直观的去理解。

• AnimatedContainer

看到Container我们就会知道这是一个带有动画属性的容器组件，这个组件可以定义大小、颜色等属性，那么我们是不是就可以给这个组件设置初始和结束的大小及颜色的属性值，然后通过系统来帮助我们来补足中间过程的动画呢？

答案是可以的，下面看一下demo和动画效果：

class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
  double _width = 100.0;
  double _height = 100.0;
  Color _color = Colors.red;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text(widget.title),
      ),
      body: AnimatedContainer(
        width: _width,
        height: _height,
        duration: Duration(seconds: 2),
        color: _color,
        curve: Curves.bounceInOut,
      ),
      floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
        onPressed: () {
          setState(() {
            _width = 300.0;
            _height = 300.0;
            _color = Colors.green;
          });
        },
        tooltip: 'Increment',
        child: Icon(Icons.adjust),
      ), // This trailing comma makes auto-formatting nicer for build methods.
    );
  }
}

 

demo很简单，就是先定义好组件初始的大小和颜色，点击按钮，在按钮事件里面去更改大小和颜色的属性值。这里唯一需要特别说一下就是curve这个属性。

curve指的是动画曲线？我开始的时候不理解这个动画曲线是什么意思，后来看了一组图之后，豁然开朗。demo里面curve我们用的是Curves.bounceInOut。如下：

 

它其实就是一个非线性的动画的变化形式（变化过程）也可以理解为就是一种函数，也不知道这么说大家能不能理解。

/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_bounce_in.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_bounce_in_out.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_bounce_out.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_decelerate.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_in.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_in_sine.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_in_quad.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_in_cubic.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_in_quart.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_in_quint.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_in_expo.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_in_circ.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_in_back.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_in_out.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_in_out_sine.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_in_out_quad.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_in_out_cubic.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_in_out_quart.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_in_out_quint.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_in_out_expo.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_in_out_circ.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_in_out_back.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_out.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_out_sine.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_out_quad.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_out_cubic.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_out_quart.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_out_quint.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_out_expo.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_out_circ.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_ease_out_back.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_elastic_in.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_elastic_in_out.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_elastic_out.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_fast_out_slow_in.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_slow_middle.mp4}
/// {@animation 464 192 https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/animation/curve_linear.mp4}

 

这里是每一种curve曲线的表现形式，大家可以看看，也可以在demo里面多尝试，或者可以看另一篇博客，有动画曲线Curves 效果。

• AnimatedCrossFade

Flutter中文网：一个widget，在两个孩子之间交叉淡入，并同时调整他们的尺寸。

个人说明：CrossFade，故名思意，淡入淡出，AnimatedCrossFade组件包含两个子widget，一个firstChild一个secondChild，这两个组件根据状态（我们自己定义的一个标识）改变状态，

一个淡入，一个淡出，同时改变大小或颜色等属性。

class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
  bool _showFirst = true;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text(widget.title),
      ),
      body: AnimatedCrossFade(
        firstChild: Container(
          width: 100,
          height: 100,
          color: Colors.red,
          alignment: Alignment.center,
          child: Text('firstChild'),
        ),
        secondChild: Container(
          width: 200,
          height: 200,
          color: Colors.green,
          alignment: Alignment.center,
          child: Text('secondChild'),
        ),
        duration: Duration(seconds: 3),
        crossFadeState:
            _showFirst ? CrossFadeState.showFirst : CrossFadeState.showSecond,
      ),
      floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
        onPressed: () {
          setState(() {
            _showFirst = false;
          });
        },
        tooltip: 'Increment',
        child: Icon(Icons.adjust),
      ), // This trailing comma makes auto-formatting nicer for build methods.
    );
  }
}

 

• Hero

Hero常用于页面跳转的过长动画，比如电商App有一个商品列表，列表的每个item都有一张缩略图，点击会跳转到详情页面，在Flutter中将图片从一个路由飞到另一个路由称为hero动画，尽管相同的动作有时也称为 共享元素转换。

class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text(widget.title),
      ),
      body: Hero(
        tag: 'heroTag',
        child: ClipOval(
          child: Image.asset(
            'images/banner.png',
            width: 60,
            height: 60,
            fit: BoxFit.cover,
          ),
        ),
      ),
      floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
        onPressed: () {
          setState(() {
            Navigator.push(context, MaterialPageRoute(builder: (_) {
              return new HeroPage();
            }));
          });
        },
        tooltip: 'Increment',
        child: Icon(Icons.adjust),
      ), // This trailing comma makes auto-formatting nicer for build methods.
    );
  }
}

 

详情页面：

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

class HeroPage extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'HeroPage',
      home: Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(
          title: Text('HeroPage'),
        ),
        body: Center(
          child: GestureDetector(
            child: Hero(
              tag: 'heroTag',
              child: ClipOval(
                child: Image.asset(
                  'images/banner.png',
                  width: 300,
                  height: 300,
                  fit: BoxFit.cover,
                ),
              ),
            ),
            onTap: () {
              Navigator.pop(context);
            },
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

 

注：特别强调一下，为了将两个页面的元素关联起来，hero有个tag标识，前后两个页面的tag标识必须一样，不然的话元素是关联不起来的，也就意味着不会产生hero动画。

1.同级tag不允许相同。

2.前后页面想要有hero动画，tag必须相同。

3.前后关联起来的hero组件，其各自内部的child组件不是必须一样的，就是说前面的hero的子组件可以是image，后面的hero的子组件可以是image以外的其他组件。

• AnimatedBuilder

class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage>
    with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
  Animation<double> _animation;
  AnimationController _animationController;

  @override
  void initState() {
    _animationController =
        AnimationController(duration: Duration(seconds: 3), vsync: this);
    _animation =
        new Tween(begin: 0.0, end: 200.0).animate(_animationController);
    _animationController.forward();
    super.initState();
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _animationController.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(
          title: Text(widget.title),
        ),
        body: AnimatedBuilder(
          animation: _animation,
          builder: (BuildContext context, Widget child) {
            return Center(
              child: Container(
                color: Colors.red,
                width: _animation.value,
                height: _animation.value,
                child: child,
              ),
            );
          },
        ));
  }
}

AnimationController：动画控制器（定义动画过程时长）。

Animation：动画变化区间值（也可以说是开始和结束的关键帧值），demo里定义的值为初始0，结束200。

_animation.value：关键帧值是0和200，_animation.value的值为0--200之间连续变化的值（0-1-2-3-...-198-199-200）。

• DecoratedBoxTransition

Decortated可以给容器添加各种外观装饰，比如增加圆角、阴影等装饰。DecoratedBox的动画版本，可以给它的Decoration不同属性使用动画

class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage>
    with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
  Animation<Decoration> _animation;
  AnimationController _animationController;

  @override
  void initState() {
    _animationController =
        AnimationController(duration: Duration(seconds: 3), vsync: this);
    _animation = DecorationTween(
            begin: BoxDecoration(
                borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(0.0)),
                color: Colors.red),
            end: BoxDecoration(
                borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(30.0)),
                color: Colors.green))
        .animate(_animationController);
    _animationController.forward();
    super.initState();
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _animationController.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: Text(widget.title)),
      body: Center(
        child: DecoratedBoxTransition(
          decoration: _animation,
          child: Container(
            width: 100,
            height: 100,
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

• FadeTransition

透明度变化动画，因为透明度也是在0-1之间变化的，所以animation就还继续用double类型的就可以了。

class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage>
    with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
  Animation<double> _animation;
  AnimationController _animationController;

  @override
  void initState() {
    _animationController =
        AnimationController(duration: Duration(seconds: 2), vsync: this);
    _animation = Tween(begin: 1.0, end: 0.0).animate(_animationController);
    _animationController.forward();
    super.initState();
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _animationController.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: Text(widget.title)),
      body: Center(
        child: FadeTransition(
          opacity: _animation,
          child: Container(
            width: 100,
            height: 100,
            decoration: BoxDecoration(
              color: Colors.red,
            ),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

• RotationTransition

旋转动画，对widget使用旋转动画 1~360°（Tween(begin: 0.0, end: 1.0)）这里的0-1指的是0°-360°

class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage>
    with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
  Animation<double> _animation;
  AnimationController _animationController;

  @override
  void initState() {
    _animationController =
        AnimationController(duration: Duration(seconds: 2), vsync: this);
    _animation = Tween(begin: 0.0, end: 1.0).animate(_animationController);
    _animationController.forward();
    super.initState();
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _animationController.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: Text(widget.title)),
      body: Center(
        child: RotationTransition(
          turns: _animation,
          child: Container(
            width: 100,
            height: 100,
            decoration: BoxDecoration(
              color: Colors.red,
            ),
            child: Center(child: Text('data')),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

• ScaleTransition

缩放动画，Tween(begin: 1.0, end: 0.2)指的是原大小的倍数，demo里是由原大小缩小到原来的0.2倍。

class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage>
    with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
  Animation<double> _animation;
  AnimationController _animationController;

  @override
  void initState() {
    _animationController =
        AnimationController(duration: Duration(seconds: 2), vsync: this);
    _animation = Tween(begin: 1.0, end: 0.2).animate(_animationController);
    _animationController.forward();
    super.initState();
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _animationController.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: Text(widget.title)),
      body: Center(
        child: ScaleTransition(
          scale: _animation,
          child: Container(
            width: 200,
            height: 200,
            decoration: BoxDecoration(
              color: Colors.red,
            ),
            child: Center(child: Text('data')),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

• SizeTransition

仅一个方向进行缩放

class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage>
    with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
  Animation<double> _animation;
  AnimationController _animationController;

  @override
  void initState() {
    _animationController =
        AnimationController(duration: Duration(seconds: 2), vsync: this);
    _animation = Tween(begin: 1.0, end: 0.2).animate(_animationController);
    _animationController.forward();
    super.initState();
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _animationController.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: Text(widget.title)),
      body: Center(
        child: SizeTransition(
          axis: Axis.horizontal,
          sizeFactor: _animation,
          child: Center(
            child: Container(
              width: 200,
              height: 200,
              decoration: BoxDecoration(
                color: Colors.red,
              ),
              child: Center(child: Text('data')),
            ),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

 

以上！有任何疑问欢迎留言！