Flutter学习笔记(22)--单个子元素的布局Widget(Container、Padding、Center、Align、FittedBox、Offstage、LimitedBox、OverflowBox、SizedBox)

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入门学习Flutter有一段时间了,Demo用过的Widget也有不少,想着整体的梳理一下,所以今天结合Flutter中文网和书籍梳理一下Widget的使用,首先梳理一下拥有单个子元素的布局Widget。

  • Container:一个拥有绘制、定位、调整大小的Widget
  • Padding:一个Widget,会给其子Widget添加指定的填充
  • Center:将其子Widget居中显示在自身内部的Widget
  • Align:一个WIdget,它可以将其子Widget对其,并可以根据子Widget的大小自动调整大小
  • FittedBox:按自己的大小调整其子Widget的大小和位置
  • Baseline:根据子项的基准线对它们的位置进行定位的Widget
  • Offstage:一个布局Widget,可以控制其子Widget的显示和隐藏
  • LimitedBox:一个当其自身不受约束时才限制其大小的盒子
  • OverflowBox:对其子项施加不同约束的Widget,它可能允许子项溢出父级
  • SizedBox:一个特定大小的盒子,这个Widget强制它的孩子有一个特性的宽度和高度。如果宽度或高度为Null,则此Widget将调整自身大小以匹配该维度中的孩子的大小

接下来就是按照上面列出来的Widget,一个一个写Demo,每个Demo里面会有注释,还会附上效果截图

 

  • Container

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() => runApp(DemoApp());

class DemoApp extends StatelessWidget{
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new MaterialApp(
      title: 'child demo',
      home: new Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(
          title: new Text('child demo'),
        ),
        body: new _containerDemo(),
      ),
    );
  }
}

class _containerDemo extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new Container(
      width: 300.0,
      height: 200.0,
//          color: Colors.cyan,
      margin: EdgeInsets.only(left: 20.0,top: 10.0,right: 0,bottom: 0),
      decoration: new BoxDecoration(
          color: Colors.green,//填充色
          border: new Border.all(
            color: Colors.deepOrange,//边框颜色
          ),
          borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(10.0))//圆角大小
      ),
    );
  }
}

 

  • Padding

 

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() => runApp(DemoApp());

class DemoApp extends StatelessWidget{
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new MaterialApp(
      title: 'child demo',
      home: new Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(
          title: new Text('child demo'),
        ),
        body: new _containerDemo(),
      ),
    );
  }
}

class _paddingDemo extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new Padding(
        padding: EdgeInsets.all(30.0),
        child: new Card(
          color: Colors.pink,
        ),
    );
  }
}

class _containerDemo extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new Container(
      width: 300.0,
      height: 200.0,
//          color: Colors.cyan,
      margin: EdgeInsets.only(left: 20.0,top: 10.0,right: 0,bottom: 0),
      decoration: new BoxDecoration(
          color: Colors.green,//填充色
          border: new Border.all(
            color: Colors.deepOrange,//边框颜色
          ),
          borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(10.0))//圆角大小
      ),
      child: new _paddingDemo(),
    );
  }
}

class _centerDemo extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new Center(
      child: Text('Center Demo'),
    );
  }
}

 

  • Center

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() => runApp(DemoApp());

class DemoApp extends StatelessWidget{
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new MaterialApp(
      title: 'child demo',
      home: new Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(
          title: new Text('child demo'),
        ),
        body: new _containerDemo(),
      ),
    );
  }
}

class _containerDemo extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new Container(
      width: 300.0,
      height: 200.0,
//          color: Colors.cyan,
      margin: EdgeInsets.only(left: 20.0,top: 10.0,right: 0,bottom: 0),
      decoration: new BoxDecoration(
          color: Colors.green,//填充色
          border: new Border.all(
            color: Colors.deepOrange,//边框颜色
          ),
          borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(10.0))//圆角大小
      ),
      child: new _centerDemo(),
    );
  }
}

class _centerDemo extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new Center(
      child: Text('Center Demo'),
    );
  }
}

 

  • Align

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() => runApp(DemoApp());

class DemoApp extends StatelessWidget{
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new MaterialApp(
      title: 'child demo',
      home: new Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(
          title: new Text('child demo'),
        ),
        body: new _containerDemo(),
      ),
    );
  }
}


class _containerDemo extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new Container(
      width: 300.0,
      height: 200.0,
//          color: Colors.cyan,
      margin: EdgeInsets.only(left: 20.0,top: 10.0,right: 0,bottom: 0),
      decoration: new BoxDecoration(
          color: Colors.green,//填充色
          border: new Border.all(
            color: Colors.deepOrange,//边框颜色
          ),
          borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(10.0))//圆角大小
      ),
      child: new _alignDemo(),
    );
  }
}

class _alignDemo extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new Stack(
      children: <Widget>[
        new Align(
          child: new Text('align demo 1'),
          alignment: FractionalOffset.topLeft,//左上角
        ),
        new Align(
          child: new Text('align demo 2'),
          alignment: FractionalOffset.center,//水平、垂直方向居中
        ),
        new Align(
          child: new Text('align demo 3'),
          alignment: FractionalOffset.bottomRight,//右下角
        ),
      ],
    );
  }
}

 

  • FittedBox

布局行为分两种情况:

1.如果外部有约束的话,按照外部约束调整自身尺寸,然后缩放调整child,按照指定的条件进行布局。

2.如果外部没有约束条件的话,则跟child尺寸一致,指定的缩放以及位置属性将不起作用。

FittedBox有两个重要属性,fit和alignment

fit:缩放的方式,默认的属性是BoxFit.Contain,child在FittedBox范围内,尽可能大,但是不会超出其尺寸,这里需要注意一点,contain是在保持这child宽高比的大前提下,尽可能的填满,一般情况下,宽度或高度达到最大值时,就会停止缩放。

BoxFit.none:没有任何填充模式。

BoxFit.fill:全部覆盖,不按照宽高比填充,内容不会超过容器范围。

BoxFit.contain:按宽高比等比填充模式,内容不会超过容器范围。

BoxFit.cover:按原始尺寸填充整个容器模式,内容有可能会超过容器。

BoxFit.width:按照内容宽度填充整个容器,内容不会超过容器。

BoxFit.height:按照内容高度填充整个容器,内容不会超过容器。

  • Baseline

Baseline基准线是指将所有元素底部放在同一条水平线上。

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() => runApp(DemoApp());

class DemoApp extends StatelessWidget{
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new MaterialApp(
      title: 'child demo',
      home: new Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(
          title: new Text('child demo'),
        ),
        body: new _baselineDemo(),
      ),
    );
  }
}

class _baselineDemo extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new Row(
      children: <Widget>[
        new Baseline(
            baseline: 100.0,
            baselineType: TextBaseline.ideographic,
            child: new Text('AaBbCcDd',style: TextStyle(fontSize: 30.0),),
        ),
      ],
    );
  }
}

 

  • Offstage

Offstage的作用很简单,通过一个参数来控制child是否显示,也算是比较常用的组件

offstage属性:默认为true,表示不显示,当为false的时候,会显示该组件

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() => runApp(DemoApp());

class DemoApp extends StatelessWidget{
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new MaterialApp(
      title: 'child demo',
      home: new _offstageDemo()
    );
  }
}

class _offstageDemo extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  State<StatefulWidget> createState() {
    // TODO: implement createState
    return new _offstageDemoState();
  }
}

class _offstageDemoState extends State {
  bool _offstage = false;
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: new Text('child demo'),
      ),
      floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(onPressed: (){
        setState(() {
          _offstage = !_offstage;
        });
      }),
      body: new Center(
        child: new Offstage(
          offstage: _offstage,
          child: new Text('显示和隐藏',style: TextStyle(fontSize: 40.0),),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

 

  • LimitedBox

 

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() => runApp(DemoApp());

class DemoApp extends StatelessWidget{
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new MaterialApp(
      title: 'child demo',
      home: new Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(
          title: new Text('child demo'),
        ),
        body: new Row(
          children: <Widget>[
            new Container(
              width: 100.0,
              color: Colors.blue,
            ),
            new LimitedBox(
              maxWidth: 100,
              child: new Container(
                color: Colors.pink,
                width: 300,
              ),
            )
          ],
        ),
      )
    );
  }
}

 

  • OverflowBox

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() => runApp(DemoApp());

class DemoApp extends StatelessWidget{
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new MaterialApp(
      title: 'child demo',
      home: new Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(
          title: new Text('child demo'),
        ),
        body: new Container(
          color: Colors.blue,
          width: 200,
          height: 200,
          padding: EdgeInsets.all(20.0),
          child: new OverflowBox(
            alignment: Alignment.topLeft,
            maxWidth: 200,
            maxHeight: 200,
            child: new Container(
              color: Colors.pink,
            ),
          ),
        ),
      )
    );
  }
}

 

  • SizedBox

SizedBox组件是一个特定大小的盒子,这个组件强制它的child有特定的宽度和高度,如果宽度和高度为null,则此组件将调整自身的大小以匹配该维度中child的大小

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() => runApp(DemoApp());

class DemoApp extends StatelessWidget{
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return new MaterialApp(
      title: 'child demo',
      home: new Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(
          title: new Text('child demo'),
        ),
        body: new SizedBox(
          width: 200,
          height: 200,
          child: new Container(
            width: 100,
            height: 600,
            color: Colors.blue,
          ),
        ),
      )
    );
  }
}

 

 以上就是单个子元素的布局Widget的梳理,并不是很全,我只是把我认为在开发中可能会经常用到的Widget梳理了一下,也方便自己以后查看!!!

posted @ 2019-08-23 18:29  CurtisWgh  阅读(2577)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报