DRF 视图

视图

2个视图基类

APIView

是REST framework提供的所有视图的基类，继承自Django的View父类。

get()：处理HTTP GET请求的方法。用于查询操作。
post()：处理HTTP POST请求的方法。用于创建操作。
put()：处理HTTP PUT请求的方法。用于更新操作。
delete()：处理HTTP DELETE请求的方法。用于删除。

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .models import Book
class BookView(APIView):
   
    def get(self, request):
        data_list = Book.objects.all()
        serializer =BookSerializer(instance=data_list, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)

GenericAPIView

继承自APIView，因此它继承了APIView的所有属性和方法。
queryset :使用的数据查询集,用于执行数据库查询。
serializer_class:指定视图使用的序列化器,用于序列化和反序列化数据。
get_queryset() : 返回视图使用的查询集，拿取多条数据
get_object() : 拿取单条数据
get_serializer() ：获取序列化类的方法。可以通过重写该方法来自定义序列化类。

from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
class BookView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request, pk):
        obj = self.get_object() 
        serializer = self.get_serializer(instance=obj)
        return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '成功', 'result': serializer.data})

5个视图扩展类

from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, ListModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin

继承于GenericAPIView

CreateModelMixin

新增数据
create(request, *args, **kwargs)
处理创建对象的请求。
- self.get_serializer(data=request.data）：创建一个序列化器实例
- serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)：检查传递给序列化器的数据是否有效，如果数据无效，则会引发异常
- self.perform_create(serializer) 调用序列化器的save()方法创建新的对象。
- 返回包含创建的对象数据的响应。

class BookView(GenericAPIView, CreateModelMixin):
    queryset = Book.objects.all() 
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().create(request, *args, **kwargs)

RetrieveModelMixi

查询一条数据
retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)：处理获取单个对象的请求。

class BookView(GenericAPIView, RetrieveModelMixin):

    queryset = Book.objects.all()  
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

DestroyModelMixin

删除数据
destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)：处理删除对象的请求

class BookView(GenericAPIView, DestroyModelMixin):

    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

ListModelMixin

查询所以数据
list(request, *args, **kwargs)：处理获取对象列表的请求。

class BookView(GenericAPIView, ListModelMixin):

    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().list(request, *args, **kwargs)

UpdateModelMixin

更新数据
update(request, *args, **kwargs)：处理完全更新对象的请求。

class BookView(GenericAPIView, UpdateModelMixin):

    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().update(request, *args, **kwargs)

9个视图子类

from rest_framework.generics import CreateAPIView, ListAPIView, RetrieveAPIView, DestroyAPIView, UpdateAPIView, ListCreateAPIView, RetrieveDestroyAPIView, RetrieveUpdateAPIView, RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView

class BookView(视图子类):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

1.CreateAPIView

创建数据

提供 post 方法
继承自： GenericAPIView、CreateModelMixin

class CreateAPIView(mixins.CreateModelMixin,
                    GenericAPIView):
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)

2.ListAPIView

查询所以数据

提供 get 方法
继承自：GenericAPIView、ListModelMixin

class ListAPIView(mixins.ListModelMixin,
                  GenericAPIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

3. RetrieveAPIView

查询单条数据

提供 get 方法
继承自: GenericAPIView、RetrieveModelMixin

class RetrieveAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
                      GenericAPIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

4.DestroyAPIView

删除数据

提供 delete 方法
继承自：GenericAPIView、DestoryModelMixin

class DestroyAPIView(mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
                     GenericAPIView):
    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

5.UpdateAPIView

更新数据

提供 put 和 patch 方法
继承自：GenericAPIView、UpdateModelMixin

class UpdateAPIView(mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
                    GenericAPIView):
    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs)

6.ListCreateAPIView

查询所以数据和创建数据

提供 get、post方法
继承自： GenericAPIView、ListModelMixin、CreateModelMixin

class ListCreateAPIView(mixins.ListModelMixin,
                        mixins.CreateModelMixin,
                        GenericAPIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)

7.RetrieveDestroyAPIView

查询单条数据和删除数据

提供 get、delete方法
继承自： GenericAPIView、RetrieveModelMixin、DestroyModelMixin

class RetrieveDestroyAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
                             mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
                             GenericAPIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

8.RetrieveUpdateAPIView

查询单条数据和修改数据

提供 get、put、patch方法
继承自： GenericAPIView、RetrieveModelMixin、UpdateModelMixin

class RetrieveUpdateAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
                            mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
                            GenericAPIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs)

9.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView

查询单条数据、修改数据和删除数据

提供 get、put、patch、delete方法
继承自：GenericAPIView、RetrieveModelMixin、UpdateModelMixin、DestroyModelMixin

class RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.UpdateModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,GenericAPIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

视图集

ModelViewSet

继承自：5个视图扩展类和GenericViewSet

class ModelViewSet(mixins.CreateModelMixin,
                   mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
                   mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
                   mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
                   mixins.ListModelMixin,
                   GenericViewSet):
    """
    A viewset that provides default `create()`, `retrieve()`, `update()`,
    `partial_update()`, `destroy()` and `list()` actions.
    """
    pass

GenericViewSet然后继承ViewSetMixin, GenericAPIView

ViewSetMixin

只要继承它，路由写法就变了，必须加action
action是请求方式和视图类中方法的映射关系

urls.py

urlpatterns = [
    path('books/', BookView.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})),
    path('books/<int:pk>/', BookView.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'put': 'update', 'delete': 'destroy'})),
]

views.py

class BookView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

posted @ 2024-04-22 16:40 蓝幻ﹺ 阅读(3) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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