java接口自动化系列（09）：发送http请求

 

本系列汇总，请查看这里：https://www.cnblogs.com/uncleyong/p/15867903.html 

实现目标

发送http请求，获取服务器响应。

 

关于被测试接口

配套练习环境（含相关接口）：https://www.cnblogs.com/uncleyong/p/17165143.html

 

添加pom依赖

发送http请求的依赖

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents/httpclient -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>4.5.6</version>
        </dependency>

 

创建配置文件

config.properties（被测试项目的ip、端口）

project.ip = 192.168.117.180
project.port = 18089

 

拼接ip、端口、url

测试类BaseCase中添加属性和静态代码快

    public static Properties properties = new Properties();
    
    static {
        try {
            // 解决properties中中文乱码
            InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("src\\test\\resources\\config.properties"), "GBK");
            properties.load(inputStreamReader);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

 

测试方法中添加拼接url的逻辑

        // 拼接url
        url = "http://" + properties.getProperty("project.ip").trim() + ":"+ properties.getProperty("project.port").trim() + url;
        logger.info(url);

　

添加工具类

发送json：HttpRequestJsonUtil.java

package com.qzcsbj.autotest.utils;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * @博客 : www.cnblogs.com/uncleyong
 * @微信 : ren168632201
 * @描述 : <json方式：post请求>
 */
public class HttpRequestJsonUtil {

    // 声明为静态方法，方便调用
    public static String postRequest(String url, JSONObject jsonObject, JSONObject headers){
        String res = "";
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        // 通过形参设置请求头
        Set<String> headerkeys = headers.keySet();
        for (String headerkey : headerkeys) {
            httpPost.addHeader(headerkey.trim(),headers.getString(headerkey).trim());
        }

        // 发送 json 类型数据
        httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(jsonObject.toString(),"UTF-8"));

        // 创建可供关闭的发包客户端
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        // 发送请求
        HttpResponse httpResponse = null;
        try {
            httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            // System.out.println("状态码：" + httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
            res = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity());
            // res = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity(),"UTF-8");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                httpClient.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        return res;
    }

    public static String sendRequest(String url, String requestType, JSONObject jsonObject, JSONObject headers){
        String response = "";
        if ("post".equalsIgnoreCase(requestType)){
            response = postRequest(url, jsonObject, headers);
        }else {
            response = "error request type!!!";
        }
        return response;
    }
}

 

发送非json：HttpRequestUtil.java

package com.qzcsbj.autotest.utils;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * @博客 : www.cnblogs.com/uncleyong
 * @微信 : ren168632201
 * @描述 : <k-v方式：get、post请求>
 */
public class HttpRequestUtil {
    // 声明为静态方法，方便调用
    public static String getRequest(String url, Map<String,String> params){
        String res = "";
        boolean flag = true;
        Set<String> keys = params.keySet();
        for (String key : keys) {
            // 第一个参数用?连接，后面的用&连接
            if (flag){
                url += "?" + key + "=" + params.get(key);
                flag = false;
            }else {
                url += "&" + key + "=" + params.get(key);
            }
        }
        // System.out.println(url);
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        try {
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            res = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                ((CloseableHttpClient) httpClient).close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return res;
    }

    // 声明为静态方法，方便调用
    public static String postRequest(String url, Map<String,String> params){
        String res = "";
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        ArrayList<BasicNameValuePair> basicNameValuePairs = new ArrayList<BasicNameValuePair>();
        // 上面可以写为：
        // List<NameValuePair> basicNameValuePairs = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();

        // 遍历map，放到basicNameValuePairs中
        Set<String> keys = params.keySet();
        for (String key : keys) {
            basicNameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key,params.get(key)));
        }
        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        try {
            // 将Content-Type设置为application/x-www-form-urlencoded类型
            httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(basicNameValuePairs,"utf-8"));
            HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            res = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity());
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                ((CloseableHttpClient) httpClient).close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return res;
    }

    public static String sendRequest(String url, String requestType, Map<String, String> parameters){
        String response = "";
        if ("get".equalsIgnoreCase(requestType)){
            response = getRequest(url, parameters);
        }else if ("post".equalsIgnoreCase(requestType)){
            response = postRequest(url, parameters);
        }else {
            response = "error request type!!!";
        }
        return response;
    }
}

 

发送http请求

测试方法中添加以下逻辑

        String actual = null;
        JSONObject headsJsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(headers);
        // 根据请求头判断是发送json还是非json
        if (headsJsonObject!=null && "application/json".equals(headsJsonObject.getString("Content-Type"))){
            // 解析json格式字符串为JSONObject
            JSONObject paramJsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(parameters);

            // 请求
            actual = HttpRequestJsonUtil.sendRequest(url, requestType, paramJsonObject,headsJsonObject);
            logger.info("json请求返回结果： " + actual);

        } else {
            HashMap<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
            // 解析json格式字符串为JSONObject
            JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(parameters);
            // JSONObject转换为map
            Set<String> keys = jsonObject.keySet();
            for (String key : keys) {
                params.put(key, jsonObject.getString(key));
            }
            // 请求，获取结果
            actual = HttpRequestUtil.sendRequest(url, requestType, params);
            logger.info("k-v请求返回结果： " + actual);
        }

 

结果演示

测试数据

 

运行testng.xml结果