java自动化前置基础(下):TestNG用法
java自动化前置基础(上):fastjson、jsonpath、httpclient等
TestNG详解(01):xml文件创建、详解
TestNG详解(02):xml文件使用
TestNG详解(03):常用注解
TestNG详解(04):参数化 - xml文件
TestNG详解(05):参数化 - @DataProvider
TestNG详解(06):忽略测试
TestNG详解(07):分组测试
TestNG详解(08):依赖测试
TestNG详解(09):超时
TestNG详解(10):断言
TestNG详解(11):并行执行
TestNG详解(12):重试
TestNG详解(13):踩坑汇总
TestNG简介
Testng是一套开源测试框架,是从Junit继承而来,testng意为test next generation
创建maven项目,添加依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.testng</groupId> <artifactId>testng</artifactId> <version>6.14.3</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>
常用注解
package com.qzcsbj; import org.testng.annotations.*; import org.testng.annotations.Test; /** * @描述 : <...> * @博客 : www.cnblogs.com/uncleyong * @微信 : ren168632201 */ public class TestAnnotation { @Test public void test(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotation.test"); System.out.println("线程ID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId()); } @Test public void test2(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotation.test2"); } @BeforeMethod public void beforeMethodTest(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotation.beforeMethodTest"); } @AfterMethod public void afterMethodTest(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotation.afterMethodTest"); } @BeforeClass public void beforeClassTest(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotation.beforeClassTest"); } @AfterClass public void afterClassTest(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotation.afterClassTest"); } @BeforeSuite public void beforeSuiteTest(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotation.beforeSuiteTest"); } @AfterSuite public void afterSuiteTest(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotation.afterSuiteTest"); } }
输出结果:
TestAnnotation.beforeSuiteTest TestAnnotation.beforeClassTest TestAnnotation.beforeMethodTest TestAnnotation.test 线程ID:1 TestAnnotation.afterMethodTest TestAnnotation.beforeMethodTest TestAnnotation.test2 TestAnnotation.afterMethodTest TestAnnotation.afterClassTest TestAnnotation.afterSuiteTest
安装插件Create TestNG XML
搜索:Create TestNG XML
安装
重启后
创建xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd"> <suite name="All Test Suite"> <!--<test verbose="2" preserve-order="true" name="test">--> <test name="test"> <classes> <class name="com.qzcsbj.TestAnnotation"/> </classes> </test> <test name="test2"> <classes> <class name="com.qzcsbj.TestAnnotationB"> <methods> <include name="testb"/> <!--指定要运行的方法--> </methods> </class> </classes> </test> </suite>
套件测试
第一个类
package com.qzcsbj; import org.testng.annotations.*; import org.testng.annotations.Test; /** * @描述 : <...> * @博客 : www.cnblogs.com/uncleyong * @微信 : ren168632201 */ public class TestAnnotation { @Test public void test(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotation.test"); System.out.println("线程ID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId()); } @Test public void test2(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotation.test2"); } @BeforeMethod public void beforeMethodTest(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotation.beforeMethodTest"); } @AfterMethod public void afterMethodTest(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotation.afterMethodTest"); } @BeforeClass public void beforeClassTest(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotation.beforeClassTest"); } @AfterClass public void afterClassTest(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotation.afterClassTest"); } @BeforeSuite public void beforeSuiteTest(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotation.beforeSuiteTest"); } @AfterSuite public void afterSuiteTest(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotation.afterSuiteTest"); } }
第二个类
package com.qzcsbj; import org.testng.annotations.*; import org.testng.annotations.Test; /** * @描述 : <...> * @博客 : www.cnblogs.com/uncleyong * @微信 : ren168632201 */ public class TestAnnotationB { @Test public void testb(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotation.testb=="); System.out.println("线程ID:" + Thread.currentThread().getId()); } @Test public void testb2(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotationB.testb2=="); } @BeforeMethod public void beforeMethodTestb(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotationB.beforeMethodTestb=="); } @AfterMethod public void afterMethodTestb(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotationB.afterMethodTestb=="); } @BeforeClass public void beforeClassTestb(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotationB.beforeClassTestb=="); } @AfterClass public void afterClassTestb(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotationB.afterClassTestb=="); } @BeforeSuite public void beforeSuiteTestb(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotationB.beforeSuiteTestb=="); } @AfterSuite public void afterSuiteTestb(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotationB.afterSuiteTestb=="); } }
输出结果:
TestAnnotation.beforeSuiteTest TestAnnotationB.beforeSuiteTestb== TestAnnotation.beforeClassTest TestAnnotation.beforeMethodTest TestAnnotation.test 线程ID:1 TestAnnotation.afterMethodTest TestAnnotation.beforeMethodTest TestAnnotation.test2 TestAnnotation.afterMethodTest TestAnnotation.afterClassTest TestAnnotationB.beforeClassTestb== TestAnnotationB.beforeMethodTestb== TestAnnotation.testb== 线程ID:1 TestAnnotationB.afterMethodTestb== TestAnnotationB.afterClassTestb== TestAnnotation.afterSuiteTest TestAnnotationB.afterSuiteTestb==
忽略测试
测试过程中,问题还没解决,可以先忽略,也就是不执行此方法
package com.qzcsbj; import org.testng.annotations.Test; /** * @博客 : www.cnblogs.com/uncleyong * @微信 : ren168632201 * @描述 : <...> */ public class TestIgnore { @Test public void testa(){ System.out.println("TestIgnore.testa"); } @Test(enabled = true) public void testb(){ System.out.println("TestIgnore.testb"); } @Test(enabled = false) public void testc(){ System.out.println("TestIgnore.testc"); } }
运行结果:
TestIgnore.testa TestIgnore.testb
分组测试
场景︰只想执行个别或者某一部分的测试用例
package com.qzcsbj; import org.testng.annotations.AfterGroups; import org.testng.annotations.BeforeGroups; import org.testng.annotations.Test; /** * @博客 : www.cnblogs.com/uncleyong * @微信 : ren168632201 * @描述 : <...> */ public class TestGroups { @Test(groups = "login") public void testa(){ System.out.println("TestIgnore.testa"); } @Test(groups = "submitOrder") public void testb(){ System.out.println("TestIgnore.testb"); } @Test(groups = "submitOrder") public void testc(){ System.out.println("TestIgnore.testc"); } @BeforeGroups("submitOrder") public void testBeforeGroups(){ System.out.println("TestGroups.testBeforeGroups"); } @AfterGroups("submitOrder") public void testAfterGroup(){ System.out.println("TestGroups.testAfterGroup"); } }
输出结果:
TestIgnore.testa TestGroups.testBeforeGroups TestIgnore.testb TestIgnore.testc TestGroups.testAfterGroup
xml方式
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd"> <suite name="All Test Suite"> <!--<test verbose="2" preserve-order="true" name="test">--> <test name="test"> <!--test必须有name属性--> <groups> <run> <include name="submitOrder"/> </run> </groups> <classes> <class name="com.qzcsbj.TestGroups"/> </classes> </test> </suite>
输出结果:
TestGroups.testBeforeGroups TestIgnore.testb TestIgnore.testc TestGroups.testAfterGroup
依赖测试
字符串数组,默认是空
dependsOnMethods和BeforeMethod的区别是: BeforeMethod是每个方法前都要执行,而dependsOnMethods只是依赖的方法前执行
package com.qzcsbj; import org.testng.annotations.Test; /** * @博客 : www.cnblogs.com/uncleyong * @微信 : ren168632201 * @描述 : <...> */ public class TestDepend { @Test(dependsOnMethods = {"test2"}) public void test(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotation.test"); } @Test public void test2(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotation.test2"); } }
运行结果:
TestAnnotation.test2 TestAnnotation.test
如果被依赖方法执行失败,有依赖关系的方法不会被执行;
应用场景,登录失败,就不能进行下单等操作
package com.qzcsbj; import org.testng.annotations.Test; /** * @博客 : www.cnblogs.com/uncleyong * @微信 : ren168632201 * @描述 : <...> */ public class TestDepend { @Test(dependsOnMethods = {"test2"}) public void test(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotation.test"); } @Test public void test2(){ System.out.println("TestAnnotation.test2"); throw new RuntimeException(); // 抛出一个异常 } }
运行结果:
TestAnnotation.test2 java.lang.RuntimeException at com.qzcsbj.TestDepend.test2(TestDepend.java:19) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at org.testng.internal.MethodInvocationHelper.invokeMethod(MethodInvocationHelper.java:124) at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeMethod(Invoker.java:583) at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethod(Invoker.java:719) at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethods(Invoker.java:989) at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:125) at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:109) at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:648) at org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:505) at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:455) at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:450) at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:415) at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:364) at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:52) at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:84) at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1208) at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1137) at org.testng.TestNG.runSuites(TestNG.java:1049) at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1017) at org.testng.IDEARemoteTestNG.run(IDEARemoteTestNG.java:72) at org.testng.RemoteTestNGStarter.main(RemoteTestNGStarter.java:123)
超时
timeout属性的单位为毫秒。
package com.qzcsbj; import org.testng.annotations.Test; /** * @博客 : www.cnblogs.com/uncleyong * @微信 : ren168632201 * @描述 : <...> */ public class TestTimeOut { @Test(timeOut = 1000) // 单位为毫秒值,期望在1秒内得到结果 public void test() throws InterruptedException { System.out.println("TestTimeOut.test"); Thread.sleep(500); } @Test(timeOut = 1000) public void test2() throws InterruptedException { System.out.println("TestTimeOut.test2"); for (int i = 10; i > 0; i--) { Thread.sleep(101); System.out.println(i); } System.out.println("执行结束。"); } }
输出结果:
TestTimeOut.test2 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 org.testng.internal.thread.ThreadTimeoutException: Method com.qzcsbj.TestTimeOut.test2() didn't finish within the time-out 1000 at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer$ConditionObject.signalAll(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:1953) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.tryTerminate(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:716) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.processWorkerExit(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1014) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1167) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
断言
package com.qzcsbj; /** * @博客 : www.cnblogs.com/uncleyong * @微信 : ren168632201 * @描述 : <...> */ public class Add { public int sum(int a, int b){ return a+b; } }
package com.qzcsbj; import org.testng.Assert; import org.testng.annotations.Test; public class MyTest { @Test public void test(){ Add add = new Add(); int actual = add.sum(1, 2); int expect = 2; Assert.assertEquals(actual,expect); } }
参数化(数据驱动测试)
两种方式向测试方法传递参数:
利用testng.xml定义parameter
利用DataProviders
xml文件参数化
package com.qzcsbj; import org.testng.annotations.Parameters; import org.testng.annotations.Test; /** * @博客 : www.cnblogs.com/uncleyong * @微信 : ren168632201 * @描述 : <...> */ public class TestParameter { @Test @Parameters({"name","id"}) public void test(String name, int id){ System.out.println("name=" + name + ", id=" + id); } }
xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd"> <suite name="All Test Suite"> <!--<test verbose="2" preserve-order="true" name="test">--> <test name="test"> <!--test必须有name属性--> <classes> <class name="com.qzcsbj.TestParameter"> <parameter name="name" value="qzcsbj"/> <parameter name="id" value="1"/> </class> </classes> </test> </suite>
运行结果:
name=qzcsbj, id=1
DataProvider参数化
代码和数据未分离
package com.qzcsbj; import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider; import org.testng.annotations.Test; /** * @博客 : www.cnblogs.com/uncleyong * @微信 : ren168632201 * @描述 : <...> */ public class TestDataProvider { @Test(dataProvider="data") // 和下面的name对应起来 public void testDataProvider(String name, int id){ System.out.println("name=" + name + ", id=" + id); } @DataProvider(name = "data") // 如果没有指定name,上面就写下面的方法名:providerData public Object[][] providerData(){ Object[][] datas = new Object[][]{ {"zhangsan",1001}, {"lisi",1002}, {"wangwu",1003} }; return datas; } }
运行结果:
name=zhangsan, id=1001 name=lisi, id=1002 name=wangwu, id=1003
代码和数据分离,数据存放在excel中
sheet名为data
ExcelUtil.java
package com.qzcsbj; import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Arrays; /** * @公众号 : 全栈测试笔记 * @博客 : www.cnblogs.com/uncleyong * @微信 : ren168632201 * @描述 : <> */ public class ExcelUtil { // 方法也可以根据情况定义更多参数,比如读取excel的列范围 public static Object[][] getdataFromExcel(String excelPath){ Object[][] datas = null; try { // 获取workbook对象 Workbook workbook = WorkbookFactory.create(new File(excelPath)); // 获取sheet对象 Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheet("data"); datas = new Object[4][2]; // 获取行 for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) { Row row = sheet.getRow(i); // 获取列 for (int j=0; j<=1;j++){ Cell cell = row.getCell(j); cell.setCellType(CellType.STRING); String value = cell.getStringCellValue(); datas[i-1][j] = value; } } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return datas; } public static void main(String[] args) { String excelPath = "E:\\case.xlsx"; Object[][] datas = getdataFromExcel(excelPath); for (Object[] data : datas) { System.out.println(Arrays.toString(data)); } } }
上面读取到的数据
LoginCase.java
package com.qzcsbj; import com.qzcsbj.HttpPostRequest; import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider; import org.testng.annotations.Test; import java.util.HashMap; /** * @博客 : www.cnblogs.com/uncleyong * @微信 : ren168632201 * @描述 : <...> */ public class LoginCase { @Test(dataProvider = "datasFromExcel") // 多条数据,且数据和代码分离 public void test(String username, String password){ String url = "http://127.0.0.1:9999/login"; HashMap<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>(); params.put("username", username); params.put("password", password); String res = HttpPostRequest.postRequest(url, params); System.out.println("入参:username=" + username + ", password=" + password); System.out.println("响应:" + res); System.out.println("============================\n"); } @DataProvider(name = "datasFromExcel") public Object[][] datasFromExcel(){ Object[][] datas = ExcelUtil.getdataFromExcel("E:\\case.xlsx"); return datas; } }
进一步优化
每行数据封装到对象或者map,返回:Iterator<Object[]>
每个一维里面是一个对象或者map
原文:https://www.cnblogs.com/uncleyong/p/15867747.html
下一系列:自动化测试框架开发(java + testng + httpclient + allure)
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