windows 下ORCLE 10g dataguard物理standby的配置

primary(主库):    

 操作系统 :windows2003 企业版   

IP        :192.168.3.34    

数据库 :oracle 10.2  企业版  

sid      :orac

standby (备库):    

操作系统:windows2003 企业版   

IP   :192.168.3.47   

数据库:oracle 10.2  企业版

SID:无(只安装软件,不安装实例数据库)

 要求数据库的版本一致,最好安装路径一致;

ORACLE 10G DATAGUARD 配置物理STANDBY

本文档查阅了网上诸多技术人员的文档,并配合自己在虚拟机下多次的尝试最终安装成功,为此将整个过程记录下来,以防自己忘记文档中部分内

容参考了其他技术人员的文档,在此做出说明

正式开始配置

1、设置主数据库为force logging 模式

cmd> sqlplus / nolog;

SQL> conn / as sysdba;

SQL>alter database force logging;

2、设置主数据库为归档模式

SQL> archive log list

SQL> shutdown immediate

SQL> startup mount

SQL> alter database archivelog;

SQL> archive log list

3、数据文件拷贝

数据文件的拷贝可以分为两种模式:rman 和文件的直接拷贝,由于我们的

系统可以停机,所以会采用第二种方式。注意不用拷贝RED 文件,备用机在启

动的时候会自动的创建RED 文件。

3.1、拷贝主库的数据文件到备库中

SQL> SELECT NAME FROM v$datafile;

SQL> select * from v$tempfile;

把主库的以上数据文件(D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\orac)拷贝到备库上同样目录

3.2、创建备库的控制文件

在主库上为从库创建控制文件和初始化参数文件,然后拷贝到从库D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\database目录下。

(记住这个目录,在下面备库的spfile 配置中要用到)。

SQL>ALTER DATABASE CREATE STANDBY CONTROLFILE AS 'd:\backup\STANDBY.CTL';

SQL>create pfile from spfile;

D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\database目录下找到pfile(initorac.ora);

修改其参数

orac.__db_cache_size=335544320
orac.__java_pool_size=4194304
orac.__large_pool_size=4194304
orac.__shared_pool_size=251658240
orac.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='d:\oracle\product\10.2.0/admin/orac/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='d:\oracle\product\10.2.0/admin/orac/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='d:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\orac\control01.ctl','d:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\orac\control02.ctl','d:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\orac\control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='d:\oracle\product\10.2.0/admin/orac/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='orac'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='d:\oracle\product\10.2.0/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='primary'
*.FAL_CLIENT='primary'
*.FAL_SERVER='standby'
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(primary,standby)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=C:\archive\  VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=standby LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=standby'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1='ENABLE'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_format='%T%S%r.ARC'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=201326592
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=603979776
*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT='AUTO'
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='d:\oracle\product\10.2.0/admin/orac/udump'

然后保存,在主库上执行
SQL> shutdown immediate

SQL>startup pfile='D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\database\initorac.ora'

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

SQL> startup

 

 3.3 在备库上创建一个Windows服务和密码文件

创建服务C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>oradim -new -sid orac -startmode auto

创建密码文件C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>orapwd file=D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\database\PWDorac.ora password=123456 entries=5;

3.4 备库创建admin目录

将主库的d:\oracle\product\10.2.0\admin\orac 目录及文件夹(adump,bdump,cdump,dpdump,pfile,udump)拷贝到备库的相同目录。

3.5 拷贝控制文件和参数文件

备库的控制文件(D:\backup\standby。ctl)已经创建, 只需要从主库拷贝到备库的(D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\orac)下

此时备库已经存在 数据文件和控制文件。

3.6 拷贝初始化参数文件到备库

将主库下的初始化参数文件(D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\database\initorac.ora)

拷贝到备库D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\database\initorac.ora下

 

4、修改备库pfile文件

修改备库的D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\database\initorac.ora文件如下

--------------------------standby.ora------------------------------------------

orac.__db_cache_size=335544320

orac.__java_pool_size=4194304

orac.__large_pool_size=4194304

orac.__shared_pool_size=251658240

orac.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='d:\oracle\product\10.2.0/admin/orac/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='d:\oracle\product\10.2.0/admin/orac/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'

*.control_files='d:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\orac\STANDBY.CTL'
*.core_dump_dest='d:\oracle\product\10.2.0/admin/orac/cdump'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_domain=''

*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16

*.db_name='orac'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='d:\oracle\product\10.2.0/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648

*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='standby'

*.FAL_CLIENT='standby'

*.FAL_SERVER='primary'

*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(primary,standby)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=C:\archive\  VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=standby'

*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=primary LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1='ENABLE'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2='ENABLE'

*.log_archive_format='%T%S%r.ARC'

*.open_cursors=300

*.pga_aggregate_target=201326592

*.processes=150

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.sga_target=603979776

*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT='AUTO'

*.undo_management='AUTO'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='d:\oracle\product\10.2.0/admin/orac/udump'

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.2、在备库上创建spfile文件

在备库上执行以下命令:

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>sqlplus "/@standby as sysdba";

SQL> startup pfile='D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\database\initorac.ora'

SQL> CREATE SPFILE FROM PFILE='D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\database\initorac.ora';

SQL>startup

6、配置网络,修改listener.ora ,tnsnames.ora

6.1 配置

先在主从库上分别用netca 命令配置监听和本地服务名,再分别编辑主、从库的listener.ora,

tnsnames.ora,参数以下

主库的listener.ora 文件如下:

######################################################################################################

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\network\admin\listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.


SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = d:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
   (SID_DESC =
    (GLOBAL_DBNAME = ORAC)
    (ORACLE_HOME = d:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1)  
    (SID_NAME = ORAC)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = acct-zhangpei)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
    )
  )

######################################################################################################

主库的tnsnames.ora 文件如下:

######################################################################################################

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\network\admin\tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

 

ORAC =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.3.34)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orac)
    )
  )

primary =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.3.34)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orac)
    )
  )

standby =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.3.47)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orac)
    )
  )

 

######################################################################################################

从库的listeners.ora 如下

######################################################################################################

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\network\admin\listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

 

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = d:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
  (SID_DESC =
    (GLOBAL_DBNAME = ORAC)
    (ORACLE_HOME = d:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1)  
    (SID_NAME = ORAC)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = sss-f115w6wz6ge)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
    )
  )

 

######################################################################################################

从库的tnsnames.ora 文件如下:

##########################################################################################################################################################################################################

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\network\admin\tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

PRIMARY =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.3.34)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = ORAC)
    )
  )

STANDBY =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.3.47)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = ORAC)
    )
  )

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SID = PLSExtProc)
      (PRESENTATION = RO)
    )
  )

######################################################################################################

在上面配置完成之后,需要在主、备机上重启监听服务

CMD> Lsnrctl stop

CMD> lsnrctl start

可以使用lsnrctl status 命令查看监听器状态

6.2 测试网络配置

如果配置成功,在主机上测试

SQL> conn sys/123456@standby as sysdba;

如果配置成功,在备库上测试

SQL> conn sys/123456@primary as sysdba; 也能得到相似结果

则说明网络配置成功。

7、启动主备服务

7.1 主库:

SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

7.2 备库:

SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

到次为止,最关键的时刻来了,我们要测试看是否配置成功,如果成功的话在主机上的归档

就能顺利传到

7.3 测试归档

1. 测试主库产生的归档日志是否能正常传送到归档日志

在主机上

SQL>archive log list;

SQL>alter system archive log current;

SQL>archive log list;

主库进行日志切换:

SQL>Alter system switch logfile;

然后分别查看主库和备库的D:\arch 目录下是否产生了同样的归档日志

文件。

select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;

select max(sequence#) from v$log_history;

select group#,sequence#,archived,status from v$log;

select name,sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;

select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;

若不同步,

1. 看log 日志, archive 是否有丢失

2. 可以在备库做如下操作:

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

日常维护

1、正确打开主库和备库

主库:

SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

备库:

SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;

SQL>ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE

DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

2、正确关闭顺序

备库:

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;

SQL>SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;

主库

SQL>SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;

3、备库Read-Only模式打开

当前主库正常OPEN 状态、备库处于日志传送状态.

1 在备库停止日志传送

SQL> recover managed standby database cancel;

2 备库Read-only 模式打开

SQL> alter database open read only;

3 备库回到日志传送模式

SQL> recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

SQL> select status from v$instance;

4、日志传送状态监控

1 主库察看当前日志状况

SQL> select sequence#,status from v$log;

2 备库察看RFS(Remote File Service)接收日志情况和MRP 应用日志同步主库

情况

SQL> SELECT PROCESS, STATUS, THREAD#, SEQUENCE#, BLOCK#, BLOCKS

FROM V$MANAGED_STANDBY;

3 察看备库是否和主库同步

SQL> SELECT ARCHIVED_THREAD#, ARCHIVED_SEQ#, APPLIED_THREAD#,

APPLIED_SEQ# FROM V$ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS;

4 察看备库已经归档的redo

SQL> SELECT REGISTRAR, CREATOR, THREAD#, SEQUENCE#, FIRST_CHANGE#,

NEXT_CHANGE# FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG;

5 察看备库已经应用的redo

SQL> SELECT THREAD#, SEQUENCE#, FIRST_CHANGE#, NEXT_CHANGE#

FROM V$LOG_HISTORY;

6 察看备库接收,应用redo 数据过程.

SQL> SELECT MESSAGE FROM V$DATAGUARD_STATUS;

5 备库归档目录维护

1 找到备库归档目录

SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_1

2 维护策略

每周2,4,7 删除已经应用的归档文件

具体参见附录二

主库正常切换

一人工干预主库正常切换

1 在主库端检验数据库可切换状态

SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;

SWITCHOVER_STATUS:TO STANDBY 表示可以正常切换.

如果SWITCHOVER_STATUS 的值为SESSIONS ACTIVE,表示当前有会话处于ACTIVE

状态

2 开始主库正常切换

如果SWITCHOVER_STATUS 的值为TO STANDBY 则:

SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY;

如果SWITCHOVER_STATUS 的值为SESSIONS ACTIVE 则:

SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY WITH SESSION

SHUTDOWN;

成功运行这个命令后,主库被修改为备库

3 重启先前的主库

SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;

SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;

4 在备库验证可切换状态

SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;

SWITCHOVER_STATUS

-----------------

TO_PRIMARY

1 row selected

5 将目标备库转换为主库

如果SWITCHOVER_STATUS 的值为TO STANDBY 则:

SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY;

如果SWITCHOVER_STATUS 的值为SESSIONS ACTIVE 则:

SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;

成功运行这个命令后,备库被修改为主库

6 重启目标备库

SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;

SQL> STARTUP;

7 先前主库启动日志传送进程

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect;

总结: 这样主库的一次正常切换完成.切换后的状态,原先的主库变为备库,原先

的备库变为主库.

二通过运行脚本实现主库正常切换

1 主库切换为备库

在主库上运行脚本

/admin/dataGuard/switchover/primary_to_standby.sh

2 备库切换为主库

在备库上运行脚本

/admin/dataGuard/switchover/standby_to_primary.sh

脚本1 成功运行后,再运行脚本2,不能同时运行两个脚本.

经过这次切换后原来的主库变为备库,原先的备库变为主数据并且OPEN 对应用

提供服务.

3 复原最初状态

在原备库上运行脚本

/admin/dataGuard/switchover/primary_to_standby.sh

成功完成后

在原主库上运行脚本

/admin/dataGuard/switchover/standby_to_primary.sh

主库灾难切换

一人工干预主库灾难切换

二通过运行脚本实现主库灾难切换

SQL>alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

SQL>shutdown immediate

SQL>startup mount

SQL>ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE;

SQL>alter database recover managed standby database finish;

-- switch

SQL>alter database commit to switchover to primary with session shutdown;

-- open

SQL>shutdown immediate

SQL>startup

 

posted @ 2011-03-20 14:37  居后不争  阅读(1030)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报