410开发板刷debian个人记录

一.刷入Debian11

项目地址：https://github.com/OpenStick/OpenStick

wiki地址：https://www.kancloud.cn/handsomehacker/openstick/2637559

二.完成刷入后，通过adb shell指令进入控制台并连接网络

1.配置网络环境

export TERM=linux

 2.进入网络管理

sudo nmtui

3.修改root用户密码

passwd root 密码

 

三.安装基本软件

1.更新软件列表并安装wget和curl

sudo apt-get update
apt-get install wget
apt-get install curl

2.安装docker和fastos docker面板/portainer面板

//安装docker
sudo apt-get update
curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/docker | sh

//设置docker自启
sudo systemctl enable docker
sudo systemctl start docker

//安装可视化面板fastos docker
docker run --restart always -p 8081:8081 -d -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -v /etc/docker/:/etc/docker/ wangbinxingkong/fast:latest

ps:首次登录需要注册，注册成功后即可正常使用

可视化面板项目地址：https://hub.docker.com/r/wangbinxingkong/fast

//安装portainer面板
docker run -d -p 8080:9000 --restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --name prtainer  portainer/portainer

汉化包地址:https://www.u-share.cn/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=192866&highlight=portainer

3.设置DDNS

项目地址：https://github.com/jeessy2/ddns-go

//拉取ddns镜像并部署
docker run -d --name ddns-go --restart=always --net=host jeessy/ddns-go

• 在浏览器中打开http://主机IP:9876，修改你的配置，成功

• [可选] 支持启动带参数 -l监听地址 -f间隔时间(秒)

docker run -d --name ddns-go --restart=always --net=host jeessy/ddns-go -l :9877 -f 600

四.进阶部分

1.开启ssh登陆root账户

• 安装nano编辑器

sudo apt-get install nano

• 编辑sshd_config

sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

　　将34行#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password改为PermitRootLogin yes

　　将58行#PasswordAuthentication yes的#去掉

• 重启

reboot

2.修改host加速GitHub访问

　　使用winscp打开/etc/hosts,并加入以下内容（末尾为项目地址）

# GitHub520 Host Start
140.82.112.25                 alive.github.com
140.82.112.25                 live.github.com
185.199.108.154               github.githubassets.com
140.82.112.21                 central.github.com
185.199.108.133               desktop.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.153               assets-cdn.github.com
185.199.108.133               camo.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.133               github.map.fastly.net
199.232.69.194                github.global.ssl.fastly.net
140.82.113.4                  gist.github.com
185.199.108.153               github.io
140.82.114.4                  github.com
192.0.66.2                    github.blog
140.82.114.6                  api.github.com
185.199.108.133               raw.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.133               user-images.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.133               favicons.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.133               avatars5.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.133               avatars4.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.133               avatars3.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.133               avatars2.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.133               avatars1.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.133               avatars0.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.133               avatars.githubusercontent.com
140.82.112.10                 codeload.github.com
52.216.21.147                 github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com
52.217.229.65                 github-com.s3.amazonaws.com
52.217.96.28                  github-production-release-asset-2e65be.s3.amazonaws.com
52.217.77.92                  github-production-user-asset-6210df.s3.amazonaws.com
52.217.172.9                  github-production-repository-file-5c1aeb.s3.amazonaws.com
185.199.108.153               githubstatus.com
64.71.144.202                 github.community
23.100.27.125                 github.dev
140.82.114.21                 collector.github.com
13.107.43.16                  pipelines.actions.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.133               media.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.133               cloud.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.133               objects.githubusercontent.com


# Update time: 2022-02-24T14:06:14+08:00
# Update url: https://raw.hellogithub.com/hosts
# Star me: https://github.com/521xueweihan/GitHub520
# GitHub520 Host End

重启生效

3.设置USB拓展

切换USB模式

sudo -s
echo host > /sys/kernel/debug/usb/ci_hdrc.0/role

挂载外接存储

fdisk -l
sudo mount -t /sd?1 /你要挂载的目录（？字母参考上条代码输出路径）

（如显示fdisk未安装)

sudo apt-get install -y fdisk

 3.1显示没有写权限的解决方案（NTFS）

安装ntfs-3g

apt-get install -y ntfs-3g

修复NTFS

sudo ntfsfix /dev/sd?1

返回结果

Mounting volume… The disk contains an unclean file system (0, 0).
Metadata kept in Windows cache, refused to mount.
FAILED
Attempting to correct errors…
Processing $MFT and $MFTMirr…
Reading $MFT… OK
Reading $MFTMirr… OK
Comparing $MFTMirr to $MFT… OK
Processing of $MFT and $MFTMirr completed successfully.
Setting required flags on partition… OK
Going to empty the journal ($LogFile)… OK
Checking the alternate boot sector… OK
NTFS volume version is 3.1.
NTFS partition /dev/vdb2 was processed successfully.

最后正常挂载

mount -t ntfs /dev/ad?1 /xxx

3.2通过udisks2安全弹出外接硬盘

udisksctl unmount -b /dev/sda1
//卸载挂载点。相当与(umount /devsda1)
udisksctl power-off -b /dev/sda1
//安全关闭驱动器

参考：https://qastack.cn/unix/178638/eject-safely-remove-vs-umount

3.2-1通过udisks2断电外接硬盘

udisksctl power-off --block-device /dev/sdb

参考：https://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewtopic.php?t=480394

3.3关闭LED灯

参考openstick Wiki

cd /sys/class/leds/red:os
echo usb-gadget > trigger
cd /sys/class/leds/blue:wifi
echo usb-gadget > trigger

这样就可以把wifi灯和系统指示灯关了（开着太nm闪了）

3.4更新源出现报错的解决方案

更换默认源

安装CA

apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates

更新源

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

更换为以下内容

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释

deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free

deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free

deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free

deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free

禁用Mobian源

sudo sed -i '1c #deb http://repo.mobian-project.org/ bullseye main non-free' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mobian.list

删除不可用仓库

cd /etc/apt/source.list.d
rm -r ./需要删除的仓库

 

最后正常执行apt-get update

4.安装OMV

4.1.卸载重装python3

1、卸载python3
sudo apt-get remove python3

2、卸载python3及其依赖
sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove python3

3、清除python3
sudo apt-get purge python3
or
sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove python3

4.安装python3
sudo apt-get install python3

 

4.2.修改hosts,拉取一键安装脚本

通过该网站获取github以及raw的地址

raw.Githubusercontent.com | Easy, Fast and FREE (ipaddress.com)

把ip加入/etc/hosts中即可

例如

140.82.112.4 github.com

185.199.108.133 raw.githubusercontent.com

完成hosts添加后，往下

一键安装omv脚本项目地址：OpenMediaVault-Plugin-Developers/installScript: script that installs omv-extras and openmediavault if not installed already. (github.com)

离线安装：

wget https://github.com/OpenMediaVault-Plugin-Developers/installScript/raw/master/install
chmod +x install
sudo ./install -n

curl拉取（适用于网络条件差的情况）：

sudo curl -sSL https://github.com/OpenMediaVault-Plugin-Developers/installScript/raw/master/install | sudo bash

执行sudo ./install -n 开始自动安装，等待安装完成即可

4.3.报错解决办法

填坑：解决Unit file is masked问题
在某些机器（如VPS）上手动安装OMV时，常常会出现“Unit file is masked”的问题。该问题非常致命，会中断OMV后续的安装进程。

Failed to preset unit: Unit file /etc/systemd/system/openmediavault-cleanup-php.service is masked.
/usr/bin/deb-systemd-helper: error: systemctl preset failed on openmediavault-cleanup-php.service: No such file or directory
dpkg: error processing package openmediavault (--configure):
installed openmediavault package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
openmediavault
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

实际上，了解systemd对服务的管理机制，就不难得知，这里的“mask”是系统服务的一个状态，相当于被“屏蔽”。据此，解决办法很简单，但凡有一个服务提示被masked，就运行下面的命令来unmask，然后重新安装，直到安装过程能够顺利继续：

# systemctl unmask <被报错的服务名>，例如：
systemctl unmask openmediavault-cleanup-php.service 

5.安装snap和hacs

为确保蓝牙功能能正常使用，需要先安装蓝牙程序

apt install bluetooth

安装完成后确认蓝牙设备是否启动

hcioconfig -a

显示为DOWN则未开启，手动开启

hciconfig hci0 up

接下来安装snap和core

apt install snapd

安装完snap后注销用户或重启

snap install core

安装完成snap后，即可安装hacs(snapcraft.io)

sudo snap install home-assistant-hacs

安装完成后重启，之后进入localhost:8123，手动配置HACS