二进制高可用安装k8s集群下
一、Node节点配置
1.1 kubelet
Master01节点复制证书至Node节点
cd /etc/kubernetes/
for NODE in k8s-master02 k8s-master03 k8s-node01 k8s-node02; do
ssh $NODE mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki
for FILE in pki/ca.pem pki/ca-key.pem pki/front-proxy-ca.pem bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig; do
scp /etc/kubernetes/$FILE $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/${FILE}
done
done
所有节点创建相关目录,master节点也配置了kubelet
mkdir -p /var/lib/kubelet /var/log/kubernetes /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d /etc/kubernetes/manifests/
所有节点配置kubelet service
[root@k8s-master01 bootstrap]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet
Restart=always
StartLimitInterval=0
RestartSec=10
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
如果Runtime为Containerd，请使用如下Kubelet的配置：
如下配置单独指定了/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.yml配置文件
所有节点配置kubelet service的配置文件（也可以写到kubelet.service）：
# Runtime为Containerd
# vim /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubelet.conf
[Service]
Environment="KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS=--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig"
Environment="KUBELET_SYSTEM_ARGS=--network-plugin=cni --cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d --cni-bin-dir=/opt/cni/bin --container-runtime=remote --runtime-request-timeout=15m --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock --cgroup-driver=systemd"
Environment="KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS=--config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.yml"
Environment="KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=--node-labels=node.kubernetes.io/node='' "
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_SYSTEM_ARGS $KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS
如果Runtime为Docker，请使用如下Kubelet的配置：
# Runtime为Docker
# vim /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubelet.conf
[Service]
Environment="KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS=--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig"
Environment="KUBELET_SYSTEM_ARGS=--network-plugin=cni --cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d --cni-bin-dir=/opt/cni/bin"
Environment="KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS=--config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.yml --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.5"
Environment="KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=--node-labels=node.kubernetes.io/node='' "
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_SYSTEM_ARGS $KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS
创建kubelet的配置文件，如果以后要更改kubelet的配置就改这个文件
注意：如果更改了k8s的service网段，需要更改kubelet-conf.yml 的clusterDNS:配置，改成k8s Service网段的第十个地址，比如192.168.0.10
[root@k8s-master01 bootstrap]# vim /etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.yml
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: false
webhook:
cacheTTL: 2m0s
enabled: true
x509:
clientCAFile: /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem
authorization:
mode: Webhook
webhook:
cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
cgroupDriver: systemd
cgroupsPerQOS: true
clusterDNS:
- 192.168.0.10
clusterDomain: cluster.local
containerLogMaxFiles: 5
containerLogMaxSize: 10Mi
contentType: application/vnd.kubernetes.protobuf
cpuCFSQuota: true
cpuManagerPolicy: none
cpuManagerReconcilePeriod: 10s
enableControllerAttachDetach: true
enableDebuggingHandlers: true
enforceNodeAllocatable:
- pods
eventBurst: 10
eventRecordQPS: 5
evictionHard:
imagefs.available: 15%
memory.available: 100Mi
nodefs.available: 10%
nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
evictionPressureTransitionPeriod: 5m0s
failSwapOn: true
fileCheckFrequency: 20s
hairpinMode: promiscuous-bridge
healthzBindAddress: 127.0.0.1
healthzPort: 10248
httpCheckFrequency: 20s
imageGCHighThresholdPercent: 85
imageGCLowThresholdPercent: 80
imageMinimumGCAge: 2m0s
iptablesDropBit: 15
iptablesMasqueradeBit: 14
kubeAPIBurst: 10
kubeAPIQPS: 5
makeIPTablesUtilChains: true
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
nodeStatusUpdateFrequency: 10s
oomScoreAdj: -999
podPidsLimit: -1
registryBurst: 10
registryPullQPS: 5
resolvConf: /etc/resolv.conf
rotateCertificates: true
runtimeRequestTimeout: 2m0s
serializeImagePulls: true
staticPodPath: /etc/kubernetes/manifests
streamingConnectionIdleTimeout: 4h0m0s
syncFrequency: 1m0s
volumeStatsAggPeriod: 1m0s
启动所有节点kubelet
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kubelet
此时系统日志/var/log/messages显示只有如下两种信息为正常，没有循环打印日志就是正常的，如下报错信息为cailico未安装，安装calico后即可恢复
Unable to update cni config: no networks found in /etc/cni/net.d
如果有很多报错日志，或者有大量看不懂的报错，说明kubelet的配置有误，需要检查kubelet配置
查看集群状态(Ready或NotReady都正常)
[root@k8s-master01 bootstrap]# kubectl get node
1.2 kube-proxy
注意，如果不是高可用集群，10.103.236.236:8443改为master01的地址，8443改为apiserver的端口，默认是6443
以下操作只在Master01执行
cd /root/k8s-ha-install
kubectl -n kube-system create serviceaccount kube-proxy
kubectl create clusterrolebinding system:kube-proxy --clusterrole system:node-proxier --serviceaccount kube-system:kube-proxy
SECRET=$(kubectl -n kube-system get sa/kube-proxy \
--output=jsonpath='{.secrets[0].name}')
JWT_TOKEN=$(kubectl -n kube-system get secret/$SECRET \
--output=jsonpath='{.data.token}' | base64 -d)
PKI_DIR=/etc/kubernetes/pki
K8S_DIR=/etc/kubernetes
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://10.103.236.236:8443 --kubeconfig=${K8S_DIR}/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kubernetes --token=${JWT_TOKEN} --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=kubernetes --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
将kubeconfig发送至其他节点
for NODE in k8s-master02 k8s-master03; do
scp /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
done
for NODE in k8s-node01 k8s-node02; do
scp /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
done
所有节点添加kube-proxy的配置和service文件：
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube Proxy
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy \
--config=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml \
--v=2
Restart=always
RestartSec=10s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
如果更改了集群Pod的网段，需要更改kube-proxy.yaml的clusterCIDR为自己的Pod网段：以及mode=ipvs
vim /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
clientConnection:
acceptContentTypes: ""
burst: 10
contentType: application/vnd.kubernetes.protobuf
kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
qps: 5
clusterCIDR: 172.16.0.0/12
configSyncPeriod: 15m0s
conntrack:
max: null
maxPerCore: 32768
min: 131072
tcpCloseWaitTimeout: 1h0m0s
tcpEstablishedTimeout: 24h0m0s
enableProfiling: false
healthzBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10256
hostnameOverride: ""
iptables:
masqueradeAll: false
masqueradeBit: 14
minSyncPeriod: 0s
syncPeriod: 30s
ipvs:
masqueradeAll: true
minSyncPeriod: 5s
scheduler: "rr"
syncPeriod: 30s
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
metricsBindAddress: 127.0.0.1:10249
mode: "ipvs"
nodePortAddresses: null
oomScoreAdj: -999
portRange: ""
udpIdleTimeout: 250ms
所有节点启动kube-proxy
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-proxy
看下日志如果出现如下所示表示正常
查看svc，pod跟apiserver通讯都是走的如下地址
二、Calico安装
建议安装官方推荐版本
以下步骤只在master01执行
cd /root/k8s-ha-install/calico/
更改calico的网段，主要需要将红色部分的网段，改为自己的Pod网段
cp calico.yaml calico.yaml.bak
sed -i "s#POD_CIDR#172.16.0.0/12#g" calico.yaml
#检查
grep "IPV4POOL_CIDR" calico.yaml -A 1
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
#查看容器状态
kubectl get po -n kube-system
三、CoreDNS安装
安装官方推荐版本（推荐）
cd /root/k8s-ha-install/
如果更改了k8s service的网段需要将coredns的serviceIP改成k8s service网段的第十个IP
跟/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.yml文件中的一致
COREDNS_SERVICE_IP=`kubectl get svc | grep kubernetes | awk '{print $3}'`0
sed -i "s#KUBEDNS_SERVICE_IP#${COREDNS_SERVICE_IP}#g" CoreDNS/coredns.yaml
安装coredns
kubectl create -f CoreDNS/coredns.yaml
安装最新版CoreDNS（不推荐）
安装k8s推荐的版本就行了，没必要追求最新版本
COREDNS_SERVICE_IP=`kubectl get svc | grep kubernetes | awk '{print $3}'`0
git clone https://github.com/coredns/deployment.git
cd deployment/kubernetes
# ./deploy.sh -s -i ${COREDNS_SERVICE_IP} | kubectl apply -f -
查看状态
# kubectl get po -n kube-system -l k8s-app=kube-dns
四、Metrics Server安装
在新版的Kubernetes中系统资源的采集均使用Metrics-server，可以通过Metrics采集节点和Pod的内存、磁盘、CPU和网络的使用率。
k8s-ha-install目录中有metrics-server跟kubeadm-metrics-server两个目录文件，他们之间的区别对比.
vimdiff kubeadm-metrics-server/comp.yaml metrics-server/comp.yaml
可以发现只有证书部署位置不一样，kubeadm自动生成的证书文件是以.crt结尾的，二进制cfssl生成的证书文件是.pem结尾的，用的是之前生成的聚合证书。
安装metrics server
cd /root/k8s-ha-install/metrics-server
kubectl create -f .
等待metrics server启动然后查看状态
# kubectl top node
NAME CPU(cores) CPU% MEMORY(bytes) MEMORY%
k8s-master01 231m 5% 1620Mi 42%
k8s-master02 274m 6% 1203Mi 31%
k8s-master03 202m 5% 1251Mi 32%
k8s-node01 69m 1% 667Mi 17%
k8s-node02 73m 1% 650Mi 16%
五、Dashboard安装
Dashboard用于展示集群中的各类资源，同时也可以通过Dashboard实时查看Pod的日志和在容器中执行一些命令等。
安装指定版本dashboard（推荐）
cd /root/k8s-ha-install/dashboard/
kubectl create -f .
查看状态
[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl get po -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper-7fcdff5f4c-kbvx8 1/1 Running 0 59s
kubernetes-dashboard-85f59f8ff7-25zrp 1/1 Running 0 59s
查看暴露的端口号
[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl get svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper ClusterIP 192.168.208.237 <none> 8000/TCP 98s
kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 192.168.166.30 <none> 443:30812/TCP 98s
安装最新版（可以研究一下）
官方GitHub地址：https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard
可以在官方dashboard查看到最新版dashboard
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.3/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
#地址改为页面上最新的地址
创建管理员用户
vim admin.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: admin-user
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: admin-user
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: admin-user
namespace: kube-system
#应用yaml配置文件
kubectl apply -f admin.yaml -n kube-system
登录dashboard参考kubeadm，如果是谷歌浏览器需要修改属性。
更改dashboard的svc为NodePort，这样可以使用宿主机加端口访问到dashboard
kubectl edit svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard
29 selector:
30 k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
31 sessionAffinity: None
32 type: NodePort #在32行的位置修改为NodePort
查看端口号
[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl get svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper ClusterIP 192.168.208.237 <none> 8000/TCP 98s
kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 192.168.166.30 <none> 443:30812/TCP 98s
访问Dashboard：https://10.103.236.201:30812
关于token获取，看kubeadm笔记。
六、集群验证
注意：因为二进制安装master没有配置污点，是可以部署Pod的。
一个成功的集群具备如下条件
-
Pod必须能解析Service
-
Pod必须能解析跨namespace的Service
-
每个节点都必须要能访问Kubernetes的kubernetes svc 443和kube-dns的service 53
-
Pod和Pod之前要能通
- 同namespace能通信
- 跨namespace能通信
- 跨机器能通信
下面逐步验证
#配置一个busybox
cat<<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: busybox
namespace: default
spec:
containers:
- name: busybox
image: busybox:1.28
command:
- sleep
- "3600"
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
restartPolicy: Always
EOF
kubectl get pod
参看是否能解析svc
[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl exec busybox -n default -- nslookup kubernetes
Server: 192.168.0.10
Address 1: 192.168.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
Name: kubernetes
Address 1: 192.168.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
查看是否能解析跨namespace的Service
[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl exec busybox -n default -- nslookup kube-dns.kube-system
Server: 192.168.0.10
Address 1: 192.168.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
Name: kube-dns.kube-system
Address 1: 192.168.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
所有节点测试是否能访问443跟53端口
yum -y install telnet -y
[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 192.168.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 32h
telnet 192.168.0.1 443
#查看kube-dns
[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl get svc -n kube-system
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
calico-typha ClusterIP 192.168.229.37 <none> 5473/TCP 29h
kube-dns ClusterIP 192.168.0.10 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP 29h
metrics-server ClusterIP 192.168.48.97 <none> 443/TCP 12m
[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# telnet 192.168.0.10 53
[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# curl telnet 192.168.0.10:53
curl: (6) Could not resolve host: telnet; Unknown error
curl: (52) Empty reply from server #提示这个表示正常
#测试pod之间通信
[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl get po -n kube-system -owide
...省略...
[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl get po -owide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
busybox 1/1 Running 0 5m24s 172.27.14.193 k8s-node02 <none> <none>
#进入这个容器，有些容器是没有bash工具的进不了正常，换成busybox试试
kubectl exec -it busybox -- sh #或者
kubectl exec -it busybox -- bash
#注意如果进入系统组件容器要加命名空间，如
kubectl exec -it calico-kube-coxxxx -n kube-system -- sh
kubectl exec -it calico-kube-coxxxx -n kube-system -- bash
ping 其他节点
其他测试
#创建一个pod
kubectl run nginx --image=nginx
#创建一个deploy，有3个副本
kubectl create deploy nginx --image=nginx --replicas=3
kubectl get deploy
kubectl get po -owide #查看这3个pod部署哪个节点上
#删除
kubectl delete deploy nginx
kubectl delete po busybox nginx
七、参考资料
今天的学习是为了以后的工作更加的轻松！
