文件初学
文件初学
1. 让我们做任务一（system的相关用法在注释中，不单独列出）
FILE* fp;
char name[10][100] = { "黄","林","万","张","王","何","李","吴","商","潘" };
char name2[10][100] = { "黄","林","万","张","王","何","李","吴","商","潘" };//因为name字符数组被改变
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
sprintf(name[i], "%s.txt", name[i]);//以二维字符数组里的元素作为文件名，使其变为name[i].txt
fp = fopen(name[i], "w");//利用fopen函数用“w"方式写，创建新文件
if (fp == NULL) {//安全检查,文件可能打开失败
break;
}
if (fclose(fp)) {
printf("Can't close the file!\n");
exit(0);
}
}
system("dir");//读取目录中文件名
system("pause");
system("cls");
2. 让我们做任务二
使用fputs(写fwrite比较长，就不搞上去了)
char num[20][20];
char class3_4[10][10];
char sex[10][10];
char linear_algebra_score[10][10];//定义数据
printf("Please enter num class sex linear_algebra_score\n");
system("color 1a");
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if ((fp = fopen(name[i], "w+")) == NULL) {//打开文件
printf("File open error!\n");
exit(0);//退出程序，关闭流，防止异常
}
scanf("%s %s %s %s", num[i], class3_4[i], sex[i], linear_algebra_score[i]);//键盘输入数据
//fprintf(fp, "%s %s %s %s", num[i], class3_4[i], sex[i], linear_algebra_score[i]);//文件读入数据
fputs(num[i], fp);//文件读入字符串
fprintf(fp, " ");
fputs(class3_4[i], fp);
fprintf(fp, " ");
fputs(sex[i], fp);
fprintf(fp, " ");
fputs(linear_algebra_score[i], fp);
if (fclose(fp)) {
printf("Can't close the file!\n");
exit(0);
}
}
system("pause");//暂停
system("cls");//清屏
使用fprintf
char num[20][20];
char class3_4[10][10];
char sex[10][10];
char linear_algebra_score[10][10];//定义数据
printf("Please enter num class sex linear_algebra_score\n");
system("color 1a");
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if ((fp = fopen(name[i], "w+")) == NULL) {//打开文件
printf("File open error!\n");
exit(0);//退出程序，关闭流，防止异常
}
scanf("%s %s %s %s", num[i], class3_4[i], sex[i], linear_algebra_score[i]);//键盘输入数据
fprintf(fp, "%s %s %s %s", num[i], class3_4[i], sex[i], linear_algebra_score[i]);//文件读入数据
if (fclose(fp)) {
printf("Can't close the file!\n");
exit(0);
}
}
3.让我们做任务三
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if ((fp = fopen(name[i], "r")) == NULL) {
printf("File open error");
exit(0);
}
while (!feof(fp)) {//看文件是否读到尾，防止出错
fscanf(fp, "%s %s %s %s", student1[i].num1, student1[i].class3_41, student1[i].sex1, student1[i].linear_algebra_score1);
}
if (fclose(fp)) {
printf("Can't close the file!\n");
exit(0);
}
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
system("color 0a");//颜色函数
printf("you will find name num class sex linear_algebra_score\n");
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
strcpy(student1[i].name1, name2[i]);//将原有的的姓名数组复制到结构体的姓名数组
printf("%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n",student1[i].name1, student1[i].num1, student1[i].class3_41, student1[i].sex1, student1[i].linear_algebra_score1);
//检验数据是否读入结构体
}
//system("pause");
Sleep(2500);//windows头文件里的函数，程序休眠2500秒
4.任务四在代码中
5.附完整代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <windows.h>
struct student {
char name1[10];
char num1[20];
char class3_41[10];
char sex1[10];
char linear_algebra_score1[10];
}student1[15];//定义结构体，通过student1调用
int main() {
FILE* fp;
char name[10][100] = { "黄","林","万","张","王","何","李","吴","商","潘" };
char name2[10][100] = { "黄","林","万","张","王","何","李","吴","商","潘" };//因为name字符数组被改变
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
sprintf(name[i], "%s.txt", name[i]);//以二维字符数组里的元素作为文件名，使其变为name[i].txt
fp = fopen(name[i], "w");//利用fopen函数用“w"方式写，创建新文件
if (fp == NULL) {//安全检查,文件可能打开失败
break;
}
if (fclose(fp)) {
printf("Can't close the file!\n");
exit(0);
}
}
system("dir");//读取目录中文件名
system("pause");
system("cls");
char num[20][20];
char class3_4[10][10];
char sex[10][10];
char linear_algebra_score[10][10];//定义数据
//printf(" num class sex linear_algebra_score\n");
system("color 0a");
printf(" |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n");
printf(" ||** ****** ** ** ****** **||\n");
printf(" ||******* ~~ 欢迎使用 ~~ *******||\n");
printf(" ||*************************** please enter data *****************************||\n");
printf(" |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n");
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if ((fp = fopen(name[i], "w+")) == NULL) {//打开文件
printf("File open error!\n");
exit(0);//退出程序，关闭流，防止异常
}
printf(" || \\\\num class sex linear_algebra_score// ||\n");
printf(" ******\n");
scanf(" %s %s %s %s", num[i], class3_4[i], sex[i], linear_algebra_score[i]);//键盘输入数据
printf(" || \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\//////////////////////// ||\n");
//fprintf(fp, "%s %s %s %s", num[i], class3_4[i], sex[i], linear_algebra_score[i]);//文件读入数据
fputs(num[i], fp);
fprintf(fp, " ");
fputs(class3_4[i], fp);
fprintf(fp, " ");
fputs(sex[i], fp);
fprintf(fp, " ");
fputs(linear_algebra_score[i], fp);
if (fclose(fp)) {
printf("Can't close the file!\n");
exit(0);
}
}
system("pause");//暂停
system("cls");//清屏
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if ((fp = fopen(name[i], "r")) == NULL) {
printf("File open error");
exit(0);
}
while (!feof(fp)) {//看文件是否读到尾，防止出错
fscanf(fp, "%s %s %s %s", student1[i].num1, student1[i].class3_41, student1[i].sex1, student1[i].linear_algebra_score1);
}
if (fclose(fp)) {
printf("Can't close the file!\n");
exit(0);
}
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
system("color 0a");//颜色函数
printf(" |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n");
printf(" ||** ****** ** ** ****** **||\n");
printf(" ||******* ~~ 感谢使用 ~~ *******||\n");
printf(" ||*************************** please output data*****************************||\n");
printf(" |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n");
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
strcpy(student1[i].name1, name2[i]);//将原有的的姓名数组复制到结构体的姓名数组
printf(" || ||\n");
printf(" || ** %s\t %s\t%s\t%s\t%s ** ||\n", student1[i].name1, student1[i].num1, student1[i].class3_41, student1[i].sex1, student1[i].linear_algebra_score1);
//检验数据是否读入结构体
printf(" || ||\n");
}
printf(" |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n");
//system("pause");
Sleep(2500);//windows头文件里的函数，程序休眠2500秒
return 0;
}
6. 总结
- 了解了文件的各种函数，并试验了一下
- 了解了system函数,system("pause")是暂停，system("cls")是清屏，system("color,0A")是改变字体颜色与背景颜色
- 尝试了改变界面
- 初步了解了windows函数，可惜没打算用
