kubernetes的Service Account和secret
Service Account
Service Account概念的引入是基于这样的使用场景：运行在pod里的进程需要调用Kubernetes API以及非Kubernetes API的其它服务。Service Account它并不是给kubernetes集群的用户使用的，而是给pod里面的进程使用的，它为pod提供必要的身份认证。
kubectl get sa --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME SECRETS AGE
default build-robot 1 1d
default default 1 32d
default kube-dns 1 31d
kube-public default 1 32d
kube-system dashboard 1 31d
kube-system default 1 32d
kube-system heapster 1 30d
kube-system kube-dns 1 31d
如果kubernetes开启了ServiceAccount（–admission_control=…,ServiceAccount,… ）那么会在每个namespace下面都会创建一个默认的default的sa。
如下，其中最重要的就是secrets，它是每个sa下面都会拥有的一个加密的token，这个在下面的secret会详细介绍。
kubectl get sa default -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
creationTimestamp: 2017-05-02T06:39:12Z
name: default
namespace: default
resourceVersion: "175"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/serviceaccounts/default
uid: 0de23575-2f02-11e7-98d0-5254c4628ad9
secrets:
- name: default-token-rsf8r
当用户在该namespace下创建pod的时候都会默认使用这个sa，下面是get pod 截取的部分，可以看到kubernetes会把默认的sa挂载到容器内。
volumes:
- name: default-token-rsf8r
secret:
defaultMode: 420
secretName: default-token-rsf8r
具体看一下secret
kubectl get secret default-token-rsf8r -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
ca.crt: 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
namespace: ZGVmYXVsdA==
token: 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
kind: Secret
metadata:
annotations:
kubernetes.io/service-account.name: default
kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 0de23575-2f02-11e7-98d0-5254c4628ad9
creationTimestamp: 2017-05-02T06:42:07Z
name: default-token-rsf8r
namespace: default
resourceVersion: "12551"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/secrets/default-token-rsf8r
uid: 75c0a236-2f02-11e7-98d0-5254c4628ad9
type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
上面的内容是经过base64加密过后的，我们直接进入容器内：
~ ls -l /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 May 4 23:57 ca.crt -> ..data/ca.crt
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 May 4 23:57 namespace -> ..data/namespace
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 May 4 23:57 token -> ..data/token
可以看到已将ca.crt 、namespace和token放到容器内了，那么这个容器就可以通过https的请求访问apiserver了。
Secret
Kubernetes提供了Secret来处理敏感信息，目前Secret的类型有3种:
- Opaque(default): 任意字符串
- kubernetes.io/service-account-token: 作用于ServiceAccount，就是上面说的。
- kubernetes.io/dockercfg: 作用于Docker registry，用户下载docker镜像认证使用。
Opaque Secret
Opaque Secret就是字符串
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: mysecret
type: Opaque
data:
username: YWRtaW4=
password: MWYyZDFlMmU2N2Rm
在使用的时候可以选择已volume方式或者是已环境变量的方式放到容器内使用。
{
"apiVersion": "v1",
"kind": "Pod",
"metadata": {
"name": "mypod",
"namespace": "default"
},
"spec": {
"containers": [{
"name": "mypod",
"image": "busybox",
"command": ["sleep","3600"],
"imagePullPolicy": "IfNotPresent",
"volumeMounts": [{
"name": "foo",
"mountPath": "/etc/foo",
"readOnly": true
}]
}],
"volumes": [{
"name": "foo",
"secret": {
"secretName": "mysecret"
}
}]
}
}
这样就可以通过文件的方式挂载到容器内，在/etc/foo目录下会生成这个文件。
如果是环境变量当然也是ok的
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: secret-env-pod
spec:
containers:
- name: mycontainer
image: busybox
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
command:
- sleep
- "3600"
env:
- name: SECRET_USERNAME
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: mysecret
key: username
- name: SECRET_PASSWORD
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: mysecret
key: password
进入容器通过env命令，你将可以看到这两个环境变量被注入到容器内
imagePullSecrets
当在需要安全验证的环境中拉取镜像的时候，需要通过用户名和密码。
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: myregistrykey
namespace: awesomeapps
data:
.dockerconfigjson: UmVhbGx5IHJlYWxseSByZWVlZWVlZWVlZWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGx5eXl5eXl5eXl5eXl5eXl5eXl5eSBsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbG9vb29vb29vb29vb29vb29vb29vb29vb29vb25ubm5ubm5ubm5ubm5ubm5ubm5ubm5ubmdnZ2dnZ2dnZ2dnZ2dnZ2dnZ2cgYXV0aCBrZXlzCg==
type: kubernetes.io/dockerconfigjson
或者直接通过命令创建
kubectl create secret docker-registry myregistrykey --docker-server=DOCKER_REGISTRY_SERVER --docker-username=DOCKER_USER --docker-password=DOCKER_PASSWORD --docker-email=DOCKER_EMAIL
