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源码分析@Autowired和@Resource的区别

零、前言

@Autowired@Resource注解都可以在Spring应用中进行声明式的依赖注入。以前都是看的网上关于两者的区别,但是实际和网上说的有出入,故从源码角度进行分析、验证。

以下源码基于spring 5.3.20(通过springboot 2.7.0引入)

一、结论

1、@Autowired注解总结

  • 可用于构造函数,成员变量以及set方法
  • Spring 4.3开始,如果目标Bean只有一个构造函数,则在该构造函数上可以省略@Autowired注解;如果目标Bean有多个构造函数则不可省略

@Autowired注入方式:

  • 按照type查找bean,如果使用@Qualifier注解声明了name,则从结果集中取出与该name相匹配的bean返回(此时可以视为通过name和type获取bean,但实质是先通过type获取所有bean,然后通过name筛选,详情见后文findAutowireCandidates()方法源码分析)
  • 如果没有使用@Qualifier注解,且找到多个bean,则判断这些bean中是否有使用@Primary注解和@Priority注解,有就返回优先级最高的哪一个bean,没有就按照字段名称去匹配bean,匹配成功返回,不成功抛出异常。(详情见后文determineAutowireCandidate()方法源码解析)

整体注入流程如下所示:

2、@Resource注解总结

  • 可用于成员变量以及set方法

  • 若不指定name属性,则会把name属性值处理为字段名set方法标识的字段名

  • 若指定type属性,则type属性值必须与字段类型或set方法返回值类型为父子关系(type属性值可以是子类,也可以是超类),否则会抛出异常

  • @Resource先按照name属性值注入,若未找到,则按type属性值注入。即默认的name或指定的name找不到 bean ,就会按type注入

整体注入流程如下所示:

二、@Autowired注入过程源码分析

1、AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor#buildAutowiringMetadata():切入点

首先定位到org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor#buildAutowiringMetadata()方法,代码如下。可以看到,如果是在属性上声明@Autowired,则构造AutowiredFieldElement对象,如果是在方法上声明@Autowired,则构造AutowiredFieldElement对象。

private InjectionMetadata buildAutowiringMetadata(Class<?> clazz) {
    if (!AnnotationUtils.isCandidateClass(clazz, this.autowiredAnnotationTypes)) {
        return InjectionMetadata.EMPTY;
    }

    List<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> elements = new ArrayList<>();
    Class<?> targetClass = clazz;

    do {
        final List<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> currElements = new ArrayList<>();

        // 字段调用
        ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalFields(targetClass, field -> {
            MergedAnnotation<?> ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(field);
            if (ann != null) {
                if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) {
                    if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                        logger.info("Autowired annotation is not supported on static fields: " + field);
                    }
                    return;
                }
                boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);
                // 构造AutowiredFieldElement对象
                currElements.add(new AutowiredFieldElement(field, required));
            }
        });

        // 方法调用
        ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalMethods(targetClass, method -> {
            Method bridgedMethod = BridgeMethodResolver.findBridgedMethod(method);
            if (!BridgeMethodResolver.isVisibilityBridgeMethodPair(method, bridgedMethod)) {
                return;
            }
            MergedAnnotation<?> ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(bridgedMethod);
            if (ann != null && method.equals(ClassUtils.getMostSpecificMethod(method, clazz))) {
                if (Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())) {
                    if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                        logger.info("Autowired annotation is not supported on static methods: " + method);
                    }
                    return;
                }
                if (method.getParameterCount() == 0) {
                    if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                        logger.info("Autowired annotation should only be used on methods with parameters: " +
                                    method);
                    }
                }
                boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);
                PropertyDescriptor pd = BeanUtils.findPropertyForMethod(bridgedMethod, clazz);
                // 构造AutowiredMethodElement对象
                currElements.add(new AutowiredMethodElement(method, required, pd));
            }
        });

        elements.addAll(0, currElements);
        targetClass = targetClass.getSuperclass();
    }
    while (targetClass != null && targetClass != Object.class);

    return InjectionMetadata.forElements(elements, clazz);
}

AutowiredFieldElementAutowiredFieldElement对象很类似,都是构造器初始化数据,inject()获取bean,现以AutowiredFieldElement为例进行说明。

2、AutowiredFieldElement对象

private class AutowiredFieldElement extends InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement {

    private final boolean required;

    private volatile boolean cached;

    @Nullable
    private volatile Object cachedFieldValue;

    // 1、构造器初始化数据,由于@Autowired就一个required属性,故非常见到那
    public AutowiredFieldElement(Field field, boolean required) {
        super(field, null);
        this.required = required;
    }

    // 2、inject()方法获取bean
    @Override
    protected void inject(Object bean, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
        Field field = (Field) this.member;
        Object value;
        if (this.cached) {
            try {
                // 2.1 开启缓存,调用resolvedCachedArgument获取bean
                value = resolvedCachedArgument(beanName, this.cachedFieldValue);
            }
            catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
                // Unexpected removal of target bean for cached argument -> re-resolve
                // 调用resolvedCachedArgument获取bean,则调用resolveFieldValue获取bean
                value = resolveFieldValue(field, bean, beanName);
            }
        }
        else {
            // 2.2 调用resolveFieldValue获取bean
            value = resolveFieldValue(field, bean, beanName);
        }
        if (value != null) {
            ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(field);
            field.set(bean, value);
        }
    }

    // 3、调用resolveFieldValue()获取bean
    @Nullable
    private Object resolveFieldValue(Field field, Object bean, @Nullable String beanName) {
        DependencyDescriptor desc = new DependencyDescriptor(field, this.required);
        desc.setContainingClass(bean.getClass());
        Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(1);
        Assert.state(beanFactory != null, "No BeanFactory available");
        TypeConverter typeConverter = beanFactory.getTypeConverter();
        Object value;
        try {
            // 3.1 实际上就是调用beanFactory.resolveDependency方法
            value = beanFactory.resolveDependency(desc, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
        }
        catch (BeansException ex) {
            throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(null, beanName, new InjectionPoint(field), ex);
        }
        synchronized (this) {
            if (!this.cached) {
                Object cachedFieldValue = null;
                if (value != null || this.required) {
                    cachedFieldValue = desc;
                    registerDependentBeans(beanName, autowiredBeanNames);
                    if (autowiredBeanNames.size() == 1) {
                        String autowiredBeanName = autowiredBeanNames.iterator().next();
                        if (beanFactory.containsBean(autowiredBeanName) &&
                            beanFactory.isTypeMatch(autowiredBeanName, field.getType())) {
                            cachedFieldValue = new ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(
                                desc, autowiredBeanName, field.getType());
                        }
                    }
                }
                this.cachedFieldValue = cachedFieldValue;
                this.cached = true;
            }
        }
        return value;
    }
}

如果开启缓存,则inject()方法直接调用resolvedCachedArgument()方法获取bean,否则调用resolveFieldValue()方法,而resolveFieldValue()方法又会去调用beanFactory.resolveDependency()方法,即调用org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory#resolveDependency()方法,进而调用doResolveDependency()方法

3、DefaultListableBeanFactory对象

3.1 resolveDependency():@Lazy懒加载处理

总结:如果使用了@Lazy,则生成cglib代理对象返回;否则调用doResolveDependency()方法获取bean

@Override
@Nullable
public Object resolveDependency(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, @Nullable String requestingBeanName,
               @Nullable Set<String> autowiredBeanNames, @Nullable TypeConverter typeConverter) throws BeansException {

    descriptor.initParameterNameDiscovery(getParameterNameDiscoverer());
    if (Optional.class == descriptor.getDependencyType()) {
        return createOptionalDependency(descriptor, requestingBeanName);
    }
    else if (ObjectFactory.class == descriptor.getDependencyType() ||
             ObjectProvider.class == descriptor.getDependencyType()) {
        return new DependencyObjectProvider(descriptor, requestingBeanName);
    }
    else if (javaxInjectProviderClass == descriptor.getDependencyType()) {
        return new Jsr330Factory().createDependencyProvider(descriptor, requestingBeanName);
    }
    // 上面是一些特殊逻辑处理,下面才是主流程
    else {
        // 如果使用@Autowired的同时使用了@Lazy,则这里返回一个cglib代理对象,否则返回null
        Object result = getAutowireCandidateResolver().getLazyResolutionProxyIfNecessary(
            descriptor, requestingBeanName);
        if (result == null) {
            // 也就是说只有单独使用@Autowired才会进这里
            result = doResolveDependency(descriptor, requestingBeanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
        }
        return result;
    }
}

3.2 doResolveDependency():获取bean的处理流程

// 注入依赖时未使用@Lazy注解,调用此方法
@Nullable
public Object doResolveDependency(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, @Nullable String beanName,
               @Nullable Set<String> autowiredBeanNames, @Nullable TypeConverter typeConverter) throws BeansException {

		......
            
        // 1、按类型查找所有的bean,未通过@Qualifier指定name时,查到几个就是几个;
        // 	若通过@Qualifier指定name,则将查到的bean与name进行匹配,没有匹配的就返回空集合
        // findAutowireCandidates()方法详解见下文
        Map<String, Object> matchingBeans = findAutowireCandidates(beanName, type, descriptor);
        if (matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {	// 没有找到
            if (isRequired(descriptor)) {	// required值为true,必须有值,抛出异常
                raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(type, descriptor.getResolvableType(), descriptor);
            }
            return null;	//required值为false,返回null
        }

        String autowiredBeanName;
        Object instanceCandidate;

        // 2、按类型找到多个bean
        if (matchingBeans.size() > 1) {
            // 从多个bean中找到那唯一一个,没有找到返回null
            // 寻找规则:@Primary > @Priority (若有多个,返回优先级最高的那个,值越小优先级越高) > 按照字段名匹配
			// determineAutowireCandidate()方法详解见下文
            autowiredBeanName = determineAutowireCandidate(matchingBeans, descriptor);
            if (autowiredBeanName == null) {
                // 没有从多个bean中选出唯一一个,而且还是必须的,则抛出异常
                if (isRequired(descriptor) || !indicatesMultipleBeans(type)) {
                    return descriptor.resolveNotUnique(descriptor.getResolvableType(), matchingBeans);
                }
                else {
                    return null;
                }
            }
            instanceCandidate = matchingBeans.get(autowiredBeanName);
        }
        else {
            // We have exactly one match.
            // 3、按类型找到一个bean,直接返回
            Map.Entry<String, Object> entry = matchingBeans.entrySet().iterator().next();
            autowiredBeanName = entry.getKey();
            instanceCandidate = entry.getValue();
        }

     ......
}

3.3 findAutowireCandidates():通过类型查找bean的处理流程

方法路径:org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory#findAutowireCandidates()

总结:

  1. 获取所有类型的bean
  2. 如果使用@Qualifier声明name,则将指定name的bean放入结果集中,若没有则返回空
  3. 如果未使用@Qualifier声明name,则将所有bean放入结果集中,返回
protected Map<String, Object> findAutowireCandidates(
    @Nullable String beanName, Class<?> requiredType, DependencyDescriptor descriptor) {

    // 1、获取该类型的所有bean
    String[] candidateNames = BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(
        this, requiredType, true, descriptor.isEager());
    
    // 2、将resolvableDependencies集合中类型相同的bean放到result中
    Map<String, Object> result = CollectionUtils.newLinkedHashMap(candidateNames.length);
    for (Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object> classObjectEntry : this.resolvableDependencies.entrySet()) {
        Class<?> autowiringType = classObjectEntry.getKey();
        if (autowiringType.isAssignableFrom(requiredType)) {
            Object autowiringValue = classObjectEntry.getValue();
            autowiringValue = AutowireUtils.resolveAutowiringValue(autowiringValue, requiredType);
            if (requiredType.isInstance(autowiringValue)) {
                result.put(ObjectUtils.identityToString(autowiringValue), autowiringValue);
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    
    // 3、循环所有bean数组,将满足条件的bean放入result中
    for (String candidate : candidateNames) {
        // isSelfReference:判断是否为自引用
        // isAutowireCandidate:判断指定的 bean 是否有资格作为自动装配候选者。
        // 	如果没有使用@Qualifier声明name,则都有资格;若声明了name,则只有beanName等于name时才有资格
        //  具体调用路径见后文
        if (!isSelfReference(beanName, candidate) && isAutowireCandidate(candidate, descriptor)) {
            addCandidateEntry(result, candidate, descriptor, requiredType);
        }
    }
    // 后备匹配选项,暂时忽略
    ......
    return result;
}

isAutowireCandidate()方法调用流程简单说明(通过debug可以快速走出来)

// 第一步:重载方法
@Override
public boolean isAutowireCandidate(String beanName, DependencyDescriptor descriptor)
    throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException {

    return isAutowireCandidate(beanName, descriptor, getAutowireCandidateResolver());
}

// 第二步:重载方法
protected boolean isAutowireCandidate(
    String beanName, DependencyDescriptor descriptor, AutowireCandidateResolver resolver)
    throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException {

    String bdName = BeanFactoryUtils.transformedBeanName(beanName);
    if (containsBeanDefinition(bdName)) {
        // 2、走这里
        return isAutowireCandidate(beanName, getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(bdName), descriptor, resolver);
    }
    else if (containsSingleton(beanName)) {
        return isAutowireCandidate(beanName, new RootBeanDefinition(getType(beanName)), descriptor, resolver);
    }
    // 代码省略
	......
}

// 第三步:
protected boolean isAutowireCandidate(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd,
			DependencyDescriptor descriptor, AutowireCandidateResolver resolver) {
	// 代码省略
    ......
    // 3、走这里
    return resolver.isAutowireCandidate(holder, descriptor);
}

// 第四步:org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.QualifierAnnotationAutowireCandidateResolver#isAutowireCandidate()
@Override
public boolean isAutowireCandidate(BeanDefinitionHolder bdHolder, DependencyDescriptor descriptor) {
    boolean match = super.isAutowireCandidate(bdHolder, descriptor);
    if (match) {
        // 4、判断Qualifier注解声明的name是否与当前bean匹配
        match = checkQualifiers(bdHolder, descriptor.getAnnotations());
        if (match) {
            MethodParameter methodParam = descriptor.getMethodParameter();
            if (methodParam != null) {
                Method method = methodParam.getMethod();
                if (method == null || void.class == method.getReturnType()) {
                    match = checkQualifiers(bdHolder, methodParam.getMethodAnnotations());
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return match;
}

// 第五步:将给定的限定符(即Qualifier声明的name)与候选 bean 的beanName匹配
protected boolean checkQualifiers(BeanDefinitionHolder bdHolder, Annotation[] annotationsToSearch) {
    ......
}

3.4 determineAutowireCandidate():找到多个bean的处理流程

方法路径:org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory#determineAutowireCandidate()

总结:

  1. 判断是否有使用@Primary注解的bean,有直接返回,没有返回null
  2. 判断是否有使用@Priority注解的bean,没有返回null;有一个直接返回;有多个,返回优先级最高的那个(@Priority值越小优先级越高)
  3. 既没有使用@Primary,也没有使用@Priority,用被@Autowired注解字段名称当做beanName去匹配,匹配成功直接返回,否则返回null
@Nullable
protected String determineAutowireCandidate(Map<String, Object> candidates, DependencyDescriptor descriptor) {
    Class<?> requiredType = descriptor.getDependencyType();
    // 1、判断是否有使用@Primary注解的bean,有直接返回,没有返回null
    String primaryCandidate = determinePrimaryCandidate(candidates, requiredType);
    if (primaryCandidate != null) {
        return primaryCandidate;
    }
    // 2、判断是否有使用@Priority注解的bean,没有返回null;有一个直接返回;有多个,返回优先级最高的那个(@Priority值越小优先级越高)
    String priorityCandidate = determineHighestPriorityCandidate(candidates, requiredType);
    if (priorityCandidate != null) {
        return priorityCandidate;
    }
    // Fallback
    // 3、既没有使用@Primary,也没有使用@Priority,用被@Autowired注解字段名称当做beanName去匹配,匹配成功直接返回,否则返回null
    for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : candidates.entrySet()) {
        String candidateName = entry.getKey();
        Object beanInstance = entry.getValue();
        // matchesBeanName():判断候选bean集合中是否存在与字段名称相同的bean
        if ((beanInstance != null && this.resolvableDependencies.containsValue(beanInstance)) ||
            matchesBeanName(candidateName, descriptor.getDependencyName())) {
            return candidateName;
        }
    }
    return null;
}

三、@Resource注入过程源码分析

1、CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor#buildResourceMetadata():切入点

首先定位到org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor#buildResourceMetadata()方法,里面有这么一段代码:判断字段是否使用@Resource注解:先判断是否为静态字段,然后判断字段类型是否为忽略的类型,若不是则构建一个ResourceElement对象。

......
else if (field.isAnnotationPresent(Resource.class)) {
    // 判断是否为静态字段
    if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("@Resource annotation is not supported on static fields");
    }
    // 判断字段类型是否为忽略的类型,若不是则构建一个ResourceElement对象
    if (!this.ignoredResourceTypes.contains(field.getType().getName())) {
        currElements.add(new ResourceElement(field, field, null));
    }
}
......

2、ResourceElement对象

对象路径:org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.ResourceElement()

ResourceElement类包含2个方法:一个构造器,一个getResourceToInject()方法。构造器只要功能就是初始化数据,代码如下:

public ResourceElement(Member member, AnnotatedElement ae, @Nullable PropertyDescriptor pd) {
    super(member, pd);
    Resource resource = ae.getAnnotation(Resource.class);
    // 1、获取注解的name属性值
    String resourceName = resource.name();
    // 2、获取注解的type属性值
    Class<?> resourceType = resource.type();
    // 3、判断name属性值是否为默认值""
    this.isDefaultName = !StringUtils.hasLength(resourceName);
    if (this.isDefaultName) {
        // 3.1 获取被注解原始的名称:用在字段上,则拿到的就是字段名称,否则是set方法
        resourceName = this.member.getName();
        // 3.2 如果是方法,则截取set后的元素,并将首字母改为小写
        if (this.member instanceof Method && resourceName.startsWith("set") && resourceName.length() > 3) {
            resourceName = Introspector.decapitalize(resourceName.substring(3));
        }
    }
    else if (embeddedValueResolver != null) {
        // 4、指定了name属性,则进行解析(占位符的处理等)
        resourceName = embeddedValueResolver.resolveStringValue(resourceName);
    }
    // 5、若显示指定了type属性值,则判断指定的值与字段的类型或set方法返回值类型是否为父子关系,若不是则抛出异常
    if (Object.class != resourceType) {
        checkResourceType(resourceType);
    }
    else {
        // 未指定type属性值,使用默认值Object.class,则获取字段类型或set方法的返回值类型
        resourceType = getResourceType();
    }
    // 6、将name属性值和type属性值赋值给成员变量
    this.name = (resourceName != null ? resourceName : "");
    this.lookupType = resourceType;
    String lookupValue = resource.lookup();
    this.mappedName = (StringUtils.hasLength(lookupValue) ? lookupValue : resource.mappedName());
    // 7、@Lazy懒加载处理
    Lazy lazy = ae.getAnnotation(Lazy.class);
    this.lazyLookup = (lazy != null && lazy.value());
}

@Override
protected Object getResourceToInject(Object target, @Nullable String requestingBeanName) {
    // this.lazyLookup = true,表示使用了@Lazy注解,此时调用buildLazyResourceProxy返回cglib代理对象,否则调用getResource方法
    return (this.lazyLookup ? buildLazyResourceProxy(this, requestingBeanName) :
            getResource(this, requestingBeanName));
}

总结:

  1. 从这里可以看出,只要你不指定name属性,则都会把name属性值处理未字段名或set方法声明的字段名称
  2. 除非你指定的type属性值与字段类型或set方法返回值类型为父子关系(指定值可以是子类,也可以是超类),否则都会抛出异常
  3. @Resource 在不指定 name 的情况下,默认的name是字段名或set方法标识的字段名称;如果默认的name 或指定的name找不到 bean ,就会按 type 注入。

3、autowireResource():获取bean流程

调用链:getResourceToInject() -> getResource() -> autowireResource

方法路径:org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.autowireResource()

protected Object autowireResource(BeanFactory factory, LookupElement element, @Nullable String requestingBeanName)
      throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException {

   Object resource;
   Set<String> autowiredBeanNames;
   String name = element.name;

    // 1、判断beanFactory类型
   if (factory instanceof AutowireCapableBeanFactory) {
      AutowireCapableBeanFactory beanFactory = (AutowireCapableBeanFactory) factory;
      DependencyDescriptor descriptor = element.getDependencyDescriptor();
      // 1.1 根据 name 属性值获取不到bean
      if (this.fallbackToDefaultTypeMatch && element.isDefaultName && !factory.containsBean(name)) {
         autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>();
         // 1.1.1 根据 type 类型获取bean
         resource = beanFactory.resolveDependency(descriptor, requestingBeanName, autowiredBeanNames, null);
         // 1.1.2 获取不到抛出异常
         if (resource == null) {
            throw new NoSuchBeanDefinitionException(element.getLookupType(), "No resolvable resource object");
         }
      }
       // 1.2 根据name属性获取到bean,判断类型是否相同,不同抛出异常
      else {
         resource = beanFactory.resolveBeanByName(name, descriptor);
         autowiredBeanNames = Collections.singleton(name);
      }
   }
   else {	// 2、根据name属性获取到bean,判断类型是否相同,不同抛出异常
      resource = factory.getBean(name, element.lookupType);
      autowiredBeanNames = Collections.singleton(name);
   }

   if (factory instanceof ConfigurableBeanFactory) {
      ConfigurableBeanFactory beanFactory = (ConfigurableBeanFactory) factory;
      for (String autowiredBeanName : autowiredBeanNames) {
         if (requestingBeanName != null && beanFactory.containsBean(autowiredBeanName)) {
            beanFactory.registerDependentBean(autowiredBeanName, requestingBeanName);
         }
      }
   }

   return resource;
}
posted @ 2022-07-23 19:25  OMaster  阅读(77)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报