SpringBoot 过滤器和拦截器
过滤器
实现过滤器需要实现 javax.servlet.Filter
接口。重写三个方法。其中 init()
方法在服务启动时执行,destroy()
在服务停止之前执行。
可用两种方式注册过滤器:
- 使用
FilterRegistrationBean
来注入。可使用setOrder(0)
设置过滤器的优先级,越小优先级越高。 - 使用
@WebFilter(filterName = "myFilter2" ,urlPatterns = "/*")
配合@ServletComponentScan()
实现注入。(@Order
注解无效)
编写过滤器
package com.example.recorddemo.filters;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;
public class MyFilter1 implements Filter {
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("初始化过滤器:" + filterConfig.getFilterName());
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("在请求之前做处理");
if (servletRequest instanceof HttpServletRequest) {
System.out.println(" URL:" + ((HttpServletRequest)servletRequest).getRequestURL());
}
// 调用filter链中的下一个filter
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
System.out.println("在请求之后做处理");
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("销毁:MyFilter1");
}
}
注册过滤器
基于 FilterRegistrationBean
在配置类中注册一个 FilterRegistrationBean
类型的Bean。
- 如果没有设置
UrlPatterns
, 那么会自动关联到/*
上。 - 如果没有设置过滤器的名字,那么会自动推理出一个过滤器名称(bean的名字)
When no URL pattern or servlets are specified the filter will be associated to '/*'. The filter name will be deduced if not specified.
- fileter默认是enable的,将其设置为false表示关闭当前过滤器。
- 可通过
setOrder(0)
方法设置过滤器的优先级,如果优先级相同,则先定义的优先级更高。
@Configuration
public class FilterConfiguration {
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter1(){
MyFilter1 filter = new MyFilter1();
FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean(filter);
// filterRegistrationBean.addUrlPatterns("/*");
// filterRegistrationBean.setEnabled(true);
return filterRegistrationBean;
}
}
基于 @WebFilter
- 使用
@WebFilter
修饰filter。 - 在任意configuration类中添加
@ServletComponentScan("com.example.recorddemo.filters")
,包名可以不填。
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebFilter(filterName = "myFilter2" ,urlPatterns = "/*")
public class MyFilter2 implements Filter {
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
// 调用filter链中的下一个filter
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
}
@Override
public void destroy() {}
}
拦截器
拦截器会在处理指定请求之前和之后进行相关操作,配置拦截器需要两步
- 编写拦截器类(实现
HandlerInterceptor
接口) - 添加已实现的拦截器(实现
WebMvcConfigurer
接口,并重写addInterceptors()
方法) - 添加
addPathPatterns()
规定拦截哪些请求。(/*
表示只拦截/
下的所有目录,但是不包括子目录,/**
表示拦截/
下的所有目录,及其子目录)
拦截器类:
package com.example.recorddemo.interceptor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* @author wangchao
*/
@Component
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
// handle可拿到执行方法的反射对象。
System.out.println("preHandle: MyInterceptor");
return true;
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
// 对于RESTful 接口用处不大
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
// 可捕捉异常,但是springboot已经有了全局异常捕捉
}
}
配置拦截器:
package com.example.recorddemo.configuration;
import com.example.recorddemo.interceptor.MyInterceptor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
/**
* @author wangchao
*/
@Configuration
public class InterceptorConfiguration implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Resource
MyInterceptor myInterceptor;
/**
* 添加拦截器
* @param registry
*/
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
registry.addInterceptor(myInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/**");
}
}
registry.addInterceptor()
方法会返回当前的 interceptor
, 因此可直接执行 addPathPatterns()
方法
public InterceptorRegistration addInterceptor(HandlerInterceptor interceptor) {
InterceptorRegistration registration = new InterceptorRegistration(interceptor);
this.registrations.add(registration);
return registration;
}
拦截器的执行顺序类似于栈,按照如下顺序执行:
preHandle-1, preHandle-2, postHandle-2, postHandle-1, afterCompletion-2, afterCompletion-1