如何在MONO 3D寻找最短路路径
前段时间有个客户说他们想在我们的3D的机房中找从A点到B点的最短路径,然而在2D中确实有很多成熟的寻路算法,其中A*是最为常见的,而这个Demo也是用的A*算法,以下计算的是从左上角到右下角的最短路径:
具体的实现方式是,先将地板进行了分割,分成一个数组,然后再计算该点上是否有3D的对象,若是有,就置成该点不能通过的标记,否则就表示该点可以通过(如果你分割的越细那么算的就越精确,但是算的当然也就慢一些,关键看你的要求),以下是分割地板的代码:
var size = {x: 100, y: 100}; // 100*100 var topLeft = {x: 228, y: 53}; var width = 524; var height = 400; var dw = width / size.x; var dh = height / size.y; var start; var end; var graph; function to2d() { var nodes = []; for (var i = 0; i < size.x; i++) { var nodeRow = []; var x = topLeft.x + dw * i for (var j = 0; j < size.y; j++) { var y = topLeft.y + dh * j; if (isHasObj(x, y)) { //判断该点上是否有物体 nodeRow.push(0); } else { nodeRow.push(1); } } nodes.push(nodeRow); } graph = new Graph(nodes, { closest: null, diagonal: false }); //这里是找一条从(0,0)到(79,80)的路径。 start = graph.grid[0][0]; drawPath(79, 80); }
分割好地板后就相当于将3D中的寻路转换成了2D中的寻路,此时就可以直接使用A*算法来进行寻路了,这里的A*寻路算法如下:
function search(graph, start, end, options) { astar.init(graph); options = options || {}; var heuristic = options.heuristic || astar.heuristics.manhattan, closest = options.closest || false; var openHeap = getHeap(), closestNode = start; // set the start node to be the closest if required start.h = heuristic(start, end); openHeap.push(start); while(openHeap.size() > 0) { var currentNode = openHeap.pop(); if(currentNode === end) { return pathTo(currentNode); } // Normal case -- move currentNode from open to closed, process each of its neighbors. currentNode.closed = true; // Find all neighbors for the current node. var neighbors = graph.neighbors(currentNode); for (var i = 0, il = neighbors.length; i < il; ++i) { var neighbor = neighbors[i]; if (neighbor.closed || neighbor.isWall()) { // Not a valid node to process, skip to next neighbor. continue; } var gScore = currentNode.g + neighbor.getCost(currentNode), beenVisited = neighbor.visited; if (!beenVisited || gScore < neighbor.g) { neighbor.visited = true; neighbor.parent = currentNode; neighbor.h = neighbor.h || heuristic(neighbor, end); neighbor.g = gScore; neighbor.f = neighbor.g + neighbor.h; if (closest) { if (neighbor.h < closestNode.h || (neighbor.h === closestNode.h && neighbor.g < closestNode.g)) { closestNode = neighbor; } } if (!beenVisited) { // Pushing to heap will put it in proper place based on the 'f' value. openHeap.push(neighbor); } else { openHeap.rescoreElement(neighbor); } } } } if (closest) { return pathTo(closestNode); } return []; }
看似实现了,如果你细心的话,你可以会发现在3D中存在类似像门那样的可以穿过的物体,或者说有两层楼,那这就不好转换了,确实是存在这样的问题,但是我们可以改进isHasObj这个方法,假如我们寻路的是一个人的话,那么我们人是有高度的,设置高度为man.height,我们判断某点上是否存在物体的话,然后在该点上“发射”一条Ray的方式(具体实现牵涉到一些数学知识,这里不多讲,下次可以单独弄了blog讲解),然后会返回的参数中有一个“距离”的属性,该属性就是我们地板上的点到该点上面那个物体的距离,因此我们可以通过这个距离来和man的身高的关系来确定该点是否可以通过,代码如下:
function isHasObj(x, y) { var obj = getElementsByPosition(x, y); if (obj && obj.length > 1) { //length > 1, bc is must a obj that is shapenode for (var i = 0; i < obj.length; i++) { if (obj[i] && !(obj[i].element instanceof mono.ShapeNode) && obj[i].element != man) { if (isCheckHeight) { console.log("x:" + x + ";y:" + y + ";distance:" + obj[i].distance); if (obj[i].distance < (man.height + 10)) { return true; } else { return false; } } else { return true; } } } } return false; }
如下是通过一个ShapePath这样的物体:
该Demo主要是想表达这个意思,美化方面还有改进的空间,比如可以考虑用我们的mono创建一个人的模型,还可以去判断该通过物体的宽度等等!