实验1 c++
任务1:
task1.cpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <vector> 4 #include <algorithm> 5 6 using namespace std; 7 8 // 声明 9 // 模板函数声明 10 template<typename T> 11 void output(const T &c); 12 13 // 普通函数声明 14 void test1(); 15 void test2(); 16 void test3(); 17 18 int main() { 19 cout << "测试1: \n"; 20 test1(); 21 22 cout << "\n测试2: \n"; 23 test2(); 24 25 cout << "\n测试3: \n"; 26 test3(); 27 } 28 29 // 函数实现 30 // 输出容器对象c中的元素 31 template <typename T> 32 void output(const T &c) { 33 for(auto &i: c) 34 cout << i << " "; 35 cout << endl; 36 } 37 38 // 测试1 39 // 组合使用算法库、迭代器、string反转字符串 40 void test1() { 41 string s0{"0123456789"}; 42 cout << "s0 = " << s0 << endl; 43 44 string s1{s0}; 45 reverse(s1.begin(), s1.end()); // 反转指定迭代器区间的元素 46 cout << "s1 = " << s1 << endl; 47 48 string s2{s0}; 49 reverse_copy(s0.begin(), s0.end(), s2.begin()); // 将指定迭代区间的元素拷贝到指定迭代器开始的目标区间,并且在复制过程中反转次序 50 cout << "s2 = " << s2 << endl; 51 } 52 53 // 测试2 54 // 组合使用算法库、迭代器、vector反转动态数组对象vector内数据 55 void test2() { 56 vector<int> v0{2, 0, 4, 9}; 57 cout << "v0: "; 58 output(v0); 59 60 vector<int> v1{v0}; 61 reverse(v1.begin(), v1.end()); 62 cout << "v1: "; 63 output(v1); 64 65 vector<int> v2{v0}; 66 reverse_copy(v0.begin(), v0.end(), v2.begin()); 67 cout << "v2: "; 68 output(v2); 69 } 70 71 // 测试3 72 // 组合使用算法库、迭代器、vector实现元素旋转移位 73 void test3() { 74 vector<int> v0{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}; 75 cout << "v0: "; 76 output(v0); 77 78 vector<int> v1{v0}; 79 rotate(v1.begin(), v1.begin()+1, v1.end()); // 旋转指定迭代器区间[v1.begin(), v1.end())之间的数据项,旋转后从迭代器v1.begin()+1位置的数据项开始 80 cout << "v1: "; 81 output(v1); 82 83 vector<int> v2{v0}; 84 rotate(v2.begin(), v2.begin()+2, v2.end()); 85 cout << "v2: "; 86 output(v2); 87 88 vector<int> v3{v0}; 89 rotate(v3.begin(), v3.end()-1, v3.end()); 90 cout << "v3: "; 91 output(v3); 92 93 vector<int> v4{v0}; 94 rotate(v4.begin(), v4.end()-2, v4.end()); 95 cout << "v4: "; 96 output(v4); 97 }
运行结果:
任务2:
task2.cpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <vector> 3 #include <string> 4 #include <algorithm> 5 #include <numeric> 6 #include <iomanip> 7 8 using namespace std; 9 10 // 函数声明 11 // 模板函数声明 12 template<typename T> 13 void output(const T &c); 14 15 // 普通函数声明 16 int rand_int_100(); 17 void test1(); 18 void test2(); 19 20 int main() { 21 cout << "测试1: \n"; 22 test1(); 23 24 cout << "\n测试2: \n"; 25 test2(); 26 } 27 28 // 函数实现 29 // 输出容器对象c中的元素 30 template <typename T> 31 void output(const T &c) { 32 for(auto &i: c) 33 cout << i << " "; 34 cout << endl; 35 } 36 37 // 返回[0, 100]区间内的一个随机整数 38 int rand_int_100() { 39 return rand() % 101; 40 } 41 42 // 测试1 43 // 对容器类对象指定迭代器区间进行赋值、排序 44 void test1() { 45 vector<int> v0(10); // 创建一个动态数组对象v0, 对象大小为10 46 generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), rand_int_100); // 产生[0, 100]之间的随机整数赋值给指定迭代器区间[v0.begin(), v0.end())内的每个数据项 47 cout << "v0: "; 48 output(v0); 49 50 vector<int> v1{v0}; 51 sort(v1.begin(), v1.end()); // 对指定迭代器区间[v1.begin(), v1.end())内数据项进行升序排序 52 cout << "v1: "; 53 output(v1); 54 55 vector<int> v2{v0}; 56 sort(v2.begin()+1, v2.end()-1); // 对指定迭代器区间[v1.begin()+1, v1.end()-1)内数据项进行升序排序 57 cout << "v2: "; 58 output(v2); 59 } 60 61 // 测试2 62 // 对容器类对象指定迭代器区间进行赋值、计算最大值/最小值/均值 63 void test2() { 64 vector<int> v0(10); 65 generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), rand_int_100); 66 cout << "v0: "; 67 output(v0); 68 69 auto iter1 = min_element(v0.begin(), v0.end()); 70 cout << "最小值: " << *iter1 << endl; 71 72 auto iter2 = max_element(v0.begin(), v0.end()); 73 cout << "最大值: " << *iter2 << endl; 74 75 auto ans = minmax_element(v0.begin(), v0.end()); 76 cout << "最小值: " << *(ans.first) << endl; 77 cout << "最大值: " << *(ans.second) << endl; 78 double avg1 = accumulate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), 0)/v0.size(); 79 cout << "均值: " << fixed << setprecision(2) << avg1 << endl; 80 81 cout << endl; 82 83 vector<int> v1{v0}; 84 cout << "v0: "; 85 output(v0); 86 sort(v1.begin(), v1.end()); 87 double avg2 = accumulate(v1.begin()+1, v1.end()-1, 0)/(v1.size()-2); 88 cout << "去掉最大值、最小值之后,均值: " << avg2 << endl; 89 }
运行结果:
任务3:
task3.cpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <algorithm> 4 5 bool is_palindrome(std::string s); 6 7 int main() { 8 using namespace std; 9 string s; 10 11 while(cin >> s) // 多组输入,直到按下Ctrl+Z后结束测试 12 cout << boolalpha << is_palindrome(s) << endl; 13 } 14 15 // 函数is_palindrom定义 16 // 待补足 17 bool is_palindrome(std::string s){ 18 std::string s2{s}; 19 reverse_copy(s.begin(),s.end(),s2.begin()); 20 bool flag=false; 21 if(s==s2){ 22 flag=true; 23 } 24 return flag; 25 }
运行结果:
任务4:
task4.cpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <algorithm> 4 5 std::string dec2n(int x, int n = 2); 6 7 int main() { 8 using namespace std; 9 10 int x; 11 while(cin >> x) { 12 cout << "十进制: " << x << endl; 13 cout << "二进制: " << dec2n(x) << endl; 14 cout << "八进制: " << dec2n(x, 8) << endl; 15 cout << "十六进制: " << dec2n(x, 16) << endl << endl; 16 } 17 } 18 19 // 函数dec2n定义 20 // 待补足 21 std::string dec2n(int x,int n) { 22 if(x==0){ 23 return "0"; 24 } 25 std::string s; 26 std::string hex{"0123456789ABCDEF"}; 27 if(n!=16){ 28 while(x){ 29 s+=x%n+'0'; 30 x/=n; 31 } 32 } 33 else{ 34 while(x){ 35 s+=hex.at(x%n); 36 x/=n; 37 } 38 } 39 std::reverse(s.begin(),s.end()); 40 return s; 41 }
运行结果:
任务5:
task5.cpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <algorithm> 3 #include <iomanip> 4 #include <vector> 5 6 using namespace std; 7 8 int main(){ 9 vector <char> s{'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z'}; 10 cout<<setw(2)<<' '; 11 for(char const &x:s) 12 cout<<setw(2)<<x; 13 cout<<endl; 14 for(int i=1;i<=26;i++){ 15 cout<<setw(2)<<i; 16 rotate(s.begin(),s.begin()+1,s.end()); 17 for(char const &x:s) 18 cout<<setw(2)<<char(x-32); 19 cout<<endl; 20 } 21 return 0; 22 }
运行结果:
任务6:
task6.cpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <stdlib.h> 4 #include <time.h> 5 #include <iomanip> 6 7 using namespace std; 8 9 int fun(char f,int n1,int n2){ 10 switch(f){ 11 case '+':{ 12 return n1+n2; 13 break; 14 } 15 case '-':{ 16 return n1-n2; 17 break; 18 } 19 case '*':{ 20 return n1*n2; 21 break; 22 } 23 case '/':{ 24 return n1/n2; 25 break; 26 } 27 } 28 } 29 30 int main(){ 31 int ans; 32 double acc=0; 33 string c{"+-*/"}; 34 srand((unsigned)time(NULL)); 35 for(int i=0;i<10;i++){ 36 int rand_num1=rand()%10+1; 37 int rand_num2; 38 char fuhao=c.at(rand()%4); 39 if(fuhao=='-'){ 40 rand_num2=rand()%10+1; 41 while(rand_num2==rand_num1) 42 rand_num2=rand()%10+1; 43 if(rand_num1<rand_num2) 44 swap(rand_num1,rand_num2); 45 } 46 else if(fuhao=='/'){ 47 rand_num2=rand()%10+1; 48 while(rand_num1%rand_num2!=0) { 49 rand_num2=rand()%10+1; 50 } 51 } 52 else{ 53 rand_num2=rand()%10+1; 54 } 55 cout<<rand_num1<<' '<<fuhao<<' '<<rand_num2<<" = "; 56 cin>>ans; 57 if(ans==fun(fuhao,rand_num1,rand_num2)) 58 acc++; 59 } 60 acc=acc*10; 61 cout.setf(ios::fixed); 62 cout<<"正确率:"<<setprecision(2)<<acc<<'%'<<endl; 63 64 return 0; 65 }
运行结果:
实验总结:
1.调用库函数可以更方便、快捷地解决问题;
2.rand函数若没有通过srand使计数器初始化,每次随机的结果会一致;