docker_info_04_image 镜像管理
docker_info_04_image镜像管理
- Docker 镜像构建分为两种，一种是手动构建，另一种是 Dockerfile（自动构建）
4.1.手动构建自定义镜像
- 基于基础系统镜像进行构建，制作 nginx 镜像
4.1.1.确认服务安装配置命令
# yum 安装：
--------------------------
yum install wget -y
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
yum install nginx -y
vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
--------------------------
# 源码安装：
--------------------------
yum install vim lrzsz net-tools wget gcc gcc-c++ make openssl-devel pcre -y
cat /etc/redhat-release
yum install -y
mkdir -p /opt/tools
cd /opt/tools/
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M www
cd nginx-1.8.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-pcre
make
make install
vim /etc/rc.local
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
--------------------------
4.1.2.创建容器制作模板镜像
# 使用官方 centos 镜像安装 nginx 软件
docker run -it --name centos-01-img -h centos-01 centos
# 也可以用官方 nginx 镜像修改配置打包自定义镜像
docker run -d -P --name nginx-01-img -h nginx-01 nginx
docker run -d -p 92:80 --name zsnginx-01 -h zsnginx-01 zhaoshuai/mynginx:v1 # 后台启动docker，要写镜像全称，带上标签
4.1.3.提交自建的 docker 镜像到镜像库
docker commit -m "<描述信息>" <目标容器ID> <自定义的容器名称（推荐:仓库名称/镜像名称:tag标记）>
----------------------------
docker commit -m "nginx-01-img-20180822" f9308d615b29 zhaoshuai/mynginx:v1
----------------------------
# 删除自建docker镜像的方法
docker rmi zhaoshuai/mynginx:v2
4.1.4.使用 Dockerfile 构建镜像
命令格式及示例：(需要在 Dockerfile 文件目录执行)
docker build -t <仓库/镜像:tag版本标记> <构建目录>
docker build -t mynginx:v2 .
4.2.手动构建自定义镜像实例演示
- 1.创建容器准备作为镜像
# 使用 centos 需要手动安装 nginx 软件
[root@zuiyoujie ~]# docker run -it --name centos-01-img -h centos-01 centos
[root@centos-01 /]# yum install wget -y # 安装下载命令
[root@centos-01 /]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
[root@centos-01 /]# yum install nginx -y # yum安装nginx
[root@centos-01 /]# vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf # 修改nginx配置文件，使之在前台运行
--------------------
daemon off; # 增加 daemon 参数，关闭后台运行,修改完成，退出查看 docker 进程
--------------------
[root@centos-01 /]# exit
# 用官方 nginx 镜像修改配置打包自定义镜像
[root@zuiyoujie tools]# docker run -d -P --name nginx-01-img -h nginx-01 nginx
[root@zuiyoujie tools]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f9308d615b29 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:32770->80/tcp nginx-01-img
----------------------------------
- 2.推送镜像到自定义仓库
[root@zuiyoujie tools]# docker commit -m "nginx-01-img-20180822" f9308d615b29 zhaoshuai/mynginx:v1
sha256:f8c6d06b3f85cf2639afcfc4493cee1772133c9bbea6a561f8cd528debdac0ac
[root@zuiyoujie tools]# docker images # 查看docker镜像库
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
zhaoshuai/mynginx v1 f8c6d06b3f85 3 seconds ago 109MB
centos latest 5182e96772bf 2 weeks ago 200MB
nginx latest c82521676580 4 weeks ago 109MB
hello-world latest 2cb0d9787c4d 6 weeks ago 1.85kB
----------------------------------
4.3.使用 Dockerfile 自动化构建镜像
- 以创建一个 nginx 的 docker 容器镜像为例进行演示
4.3.1.创建 Dockerfile 目录，上传 nginx 相关软件
mkdir -p /data/docker/data/nginx01
cd /data/docker/data/nginx01
rz -y
# 编写一个首页index文件
echo www.zuiyoujie.com >index.html
----------------------
[root@zuiyoujie ~]# cd /data/docker/data/nginx01/
[root@zuiyoujie nginx01]# echo www.zuiyoujie.com >index.html
[root@zuiyoujie nginx01]# ll
total 824
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 852 Aug 23 10:32 Dockerfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18 Aug 23 14:44 index.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 832104 Jul 27 18:37 nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
----------------------
4.3.2.创建 Dockerfile 配置文件
- 编写 Dockerfile 文件
vim Dockerfile
-------------------------
# made by zhaoshuai for Dockerfile on 20180823
# Version: 1.0
# Specify the Base images
FROM centos
# Specify the Maintenance person
MAINTAINER zhaoshuai zhaoshuai@zuiyoujie.com
# ADD:Upload userful files.
RUN mkdir -p /opt/tools
# ADD can unpack the Compression package.
ADD nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz /opt/tools
ADD index.html /opt/tools
# RUN:Install configuration command
RUN yum install -y vim net-tools lrzsz wget gcc gcc-c++ make openssl-devel
RUN useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M www
# WORKDIR:Specify the workdir
WORKDIR /opt/tools/nginx-1.8.0
RUN ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-pcre && make && make install
RUN echo "daemon off;">>/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
RUN cd /usr/local/nginx/html
RUN mv index.html index.html.ori
RUN cp /opt/tools/index.html .
ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
EXPOSE 80
CMD ["nginx"]
########## END ##########
--------------------------
- 注意：
1.Dockerfile 文件名首字母必须大写，docker 规定
2.行首的 # 才代表注释信息，行中间的 # 不识别为注释
3.创建失败的镜像文件需要手动删除,命令：
docker rmi <镜像名称>
4.Dockerfile 文件需要包含以下字段的信息，各个命令字段需要全部大写：
--------------------
1）基础镜像信息
FROM centos
2）维护者信息
MAINTAINER zhaoshuai zhaoshuai@zuiyoujie.com
3）容器中的操作指令
RUN mkdir -p /opt/tools
4）上传宿主机的文件到指定目录，压缩包会自动解压
ADD nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz /opt/tools
5）切换工作目录，类似于cd
WORKDIR /opt/tools/nginx-1.8.0
6）申明环境变量
ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
7）配置容器项目对外的端口号
EXPOSE 对外端口号
8）容器启动时执行指令
CMD ["nginx"]
9）设置卷，挂载主机目录
VOLUME
--------------------
- Dockerfile 参数解释
4.3.3.在当前目录构建 docker 镜像
------------------------
[root@zuiyoujie nginx]# docker build -t mynginx:v2 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 836.6kB
Step 1/12 : FROM centos
---> 5182e96772bf
Step 2/12 : MAINTAINER zhaoshuai
---> Running in 7b6960526477
Removing intermediate container 7b6960526477
---> 86a802d12e7d
Step 3/12 : RUN mkdir -p /opt/tools
---> Running in eae1592b5043
Removing intermediate container eae1592b5043
---> 2d0176de364e
Step 4/12 : ADD nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz /opt/tools
---> 24595cf44b63
Step 5/12 : RUN yum install -y vim net-tools lrzsz wget gcc gcc-c++ make openssl-devel
---> Running in 466996bbfacd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-28.el7_5.1 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libgomp = 4.8.5-28.el7_5.1 for package: gcc-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: cpp = 4.8.5-28.el7_5.1 for packa
......
perl-threads.x86_64 0:1.87-4.el7
perl-threads-shared.x86_64 0:1.43-6.el7
vim-common.x86_64 2:7.4.160-4.el7
vim-filesystem.x86_64 2:7.4.160-4.el7
which.x86_64 0:2.20-7.el7
zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.7-17.el7
Complete!
Removing intermediate container 466996bbfacd
---> 6af873137dee
Step 6/12 : RUN useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M www
---> Running in a7cb7eb3806a
Removing intermediate container a7cb7eb3806a
---> a7b7aba0d32a
Step 7/12 : WORKDIR /opt/tools/nginx-1.8.0
Removing intermediate container 5e7bc1b22502
---> a26176ee7848
Step 8/12 : RUN ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-pcre && make && make install
---> Running in 2f6fbca0e59a
checking for OS
+ Linux 3.10.0-862.9.1.el7.x86_64 x86_64
checking for C compiler ... found
+ using GNU C compiler
+ gcc version: 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28) (GCC)
checking for gcc -pipe switch ... found
checking for gcc builtin atomic operations ... found
checking for C99 variadic macros ... found
checking for gcc variadic macros ... found
-------------- 开始编译，可以看出，每执行 RUN 一条命令，会新生成一个容器镜像 ------------
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/html' || cp -R html '/usr/local/nginx'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/opt/tools/nginx-1.8.0'
Removing intermediate container 2f6fbca0e59a
---> 69f198548070
Step 9/12 : RUN echo "daemon off;">>/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
---> Running in c4e606942edd
Removing intermediate container c4e606942edd
---> 9ff2a70821d6
Step 10/12 : ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
---> Running in 1504f2334f44
Removing intermediate container 1504f2334f44
---> 067d03029d09
Step 11/12 : EXPOSE 80
---> Running in e3980bb8fbe5
Removing intermediate container e3980bb8fbe5
---> d763445650e9
Step 12/12 : CMD ["nginx"]
---> Running in e50d1a33f886
Removing intermediate container e50d1a33f886
---> 9e202848bd6b
Successfully built 9e202848bd6b
Successfully tagged mynginx:v2
------------- 至此安装完成，可以查看docker镜像仓库 --------------
[root@zuiyoujie nginx]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mynginx v2 9e202848bd6b About a minute ago 452MB # 这个是我构建的镜像
zhaoshuai/mynginx v1 f8c6d06b3f85 18 hours ago 109MB
centos latest 5182e96772bf 2 weeks ago 200MB
nginx latest c82521676580 4 weeks ago 109MB
hello-world latest 2cb0d9787c4d 6 weeks ago 1.85kB
[root@zuiyoujie nginx]#
# 测试启动镜像
docker run --name mynginx-test -d -p 82:80 mynginx:v2
需要加镜像版本号
---------------------------------
[root@zuiyoujie nginx]# docker run --name mynginx-test -d -p 82:80 mynginx:v2
34a3b135ede4fb473a7b9383529ba738d469fbe0781f0a1dd357c9ea81b90024
[root@zuiyoujie nginx]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
34a3b135ede4 mynginx:v2 "nginx" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:82->80/tcp mynginx-test
[root@zuiyoujie nginx]# curl 127.0.0.1:82
www.zuiyoujie.com
---------------------------------
# 至此自动创建的docker镜像文件就完成了
END
作者：天生帅才 www.zuiyoujie.com
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