Lesson 3 - 课文 （3 / 60）
Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island
of Kea.
make a discovery (of...) = discover
为什么要用这个短语呢?
- 名词结构更正式，庄严
- 可以更灵活的添加修饰
类比：
describe → make a vivid description of ...
investigate → make a thorough investigation of ...
summarize → make a comprehensive summary of ...
**analyze **→ make a detailed analysis of ...
为什么不用人做主语呢？
Some time ago, archaeologists made an interesting discovery on the Aegean sland of Kea.
——这样子会突出“考古学家”，但这篇文章并没有介绍某个考古学家，这篇文章的重心应该是“发现”，因此人做主语会偏移重心
选取谁做主语，要根据上下文的逻辑和语境来确定。
An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini.
-
of 可以用于引出一个地理位置的名字
the city of Beijing
(NCE3-3 P22-L3) the promontory of Ayia Irini
(NCE3-16 P74-L1) the tiny village of Perachora
(NCE3-8 P42-L2) the famous monastery of St. Bernard
类比
错误：the novel of Three Kingdoms X
the novel entitled Three Kingdoms
the movie entitled Da Vinci Code
the man named / called Vincent
-
stands in 矗立在，位于
强调的主体往往比较立体
(NCE3-18 P82-L4) Strange forms stand in gardens, and outside buildings and shops.
The Monument to the People's Heroes stands in the center of Tian"anmen Square.
近义词：
sit同stand，侧重立体
The house sits on top of a hill overlooking the town.
lie侧重平面
(NCE3-8 P42-L2) The famous monastery of St. Bernard,which was founded in the 11th century, lies about a mile away.
近义词：(都是被动)
be located
be situated
be sited
-
promontory (headland): a long narrow area of high land that sticks out into the sea
The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.
-
at one time = once
曾经，暗示现在已经和往日不一样了
prosperous改写：The city at one time must have seen known prosperity.
（这里的seen是经历的意思（know）也可以）
-
enjoy 享有（好的东西）
enjoy good health
enjoy a high standard of living
The garments are magnificent and tasteful and have long enjoyed great fame both at home and abroad.
近义词：
①be blessed with幸福的拥有
They were blessed with two children, a boy and a girl.
高考真题：The underlined part in Paragraph 1 most probably means
(A) were lucky in having
(B)were asked to adopt
(C) regretted having
(D) gave birth to②endow 天生就具备，与生俱来
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by the Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
-Thomas Jefferson
③boast （物品）有好的品质、性质、特征
There is a lot of beautiful scenery in China. China boasts a lot of beautiful scenery.
They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls.
-
with 表示从属关系
with beautifully decorated walls 被装饰得很漂亮的墙
a girl with blue eyes
a mug with a broken handle
被xxx地xxx的东西，用副词+过去分词+名词结构
a vastly improved method 一个 被极大地改善的方法
a much acclaimed novel 一部备受赞誉的小说
-
翻译问题
把with后面的结构当定语：
这所房子有很大的里面的墙壁被装饰得很漂亮的房间。 X 不像中国话
这所房子里的房间很大，房间的墙壁装饰很漂亮。√
中文里并不把后置定语真的当作一个定语来翻译。
差异：
英语像大树，结构很复杂；中文像竹子，是个小并列结构。
过于复杂的英语嵌套结构，我们往往把它按并列结构来翻译成中文。
The city was equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.
-
equip
equip A with B （搭配决定了形式上是被动）
be equipped with equipment
The classrooms are equipped with modern multimedia teaching equipment.
-
a great many (of)...
= a great number of
上面两个用于可数名词
a great amount / deal of
这两个用于不可数名词
-
三组反义词
beneath/underneath → on 在底下（上） && 紧紧挨着
under → over 在下方（上方） && 有一定的距离
below → above 水平位置低于（高于） && 不一定在正下方
The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times.
-
be used as... 被当作...来用
The wooden box is used as a seat.
近义词：act/serve/ function as ...
The wooden box acts/serves/ functions as a seat.
(NCE3-25 P122-L3) She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of the past.
-
(BC): Before Christ
A.D. (AD): Anno Domini （一般省略）
in modern / recent / ancient / prehistoric times（时期）
in times of ... 在XXX样的时期
in times of peace/war 和平年代/战争年代
(NCE3-14 P66-L12) In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city- state...
近义词：
age
the lce Age 冰川时代
the Stone Age 石器时代
the modern age 现代
the computer age 信息时代
era （更正式）
the steam-engine era
搭配：
①mark the end of an **era **标志着一个时代的结束
His death marked the end of an era.
②mark the beginning of a new era 标志着一个时代的开始
(NCE3-25 P122-L9) It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era.
The foundation of the People's Republic of China marked the beginning of a new era.
-
In the most sacred room of temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted.
-
on behalf of sb. / on one's behalf （长的名词短语用前者，短的代词用后者）
On behalf of the entire company, I would ke to thank you for all your work.
Unfortunately; George cannot be with us today so I am pleased to accept this award on his behalf.
The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C.
-
date from 可以追溯到
= date back to
= can be traced back to
造句：丝绸之路（the Silk Road）的繁荣可以追溯到遥远的汉朝。
The prosperity of the Silk Road dates from/ dates back to / can be traced back to the distant Han Dynasty.
Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.
-
happen to do 偶然, 碰巧如何了（强调事情的偶然发生）
sth. happen to sb.
A car accident happened to him.
从句的形式：it happen that ...
We happened to take the same train.
= It happened that we took the same train.
近义词：
chance to do
= it chance that
We chanced to take the same train.
= It chanced that we took the same train.
近义状语：
by chance
by accident
accidentally
We took the same train by chance / by accident/ accidentally.
近义习语：
as it happen
As it happened, we took the same train.
as luck would have it (并不一定是好事，没有感情色彩)
As luck would have it, we took the same train.
Under normal conditions, but the bus was delayed because of the weather and when I stepped into a drugstore to call nome for a ride, the bus went by. As luck would have it, there was no one at home, so I had to wait another forty five minutes for the next bus.
This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved.
It was very old and precious even then.
When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the
goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.
-
preserve 保持在良好的状态
preserve one's eyesight / food
conserve 保持数量不减少
conserve wildlife / resourcesreserve 保存为了未来使用
Reserve your energy for the climb tomorrow.
| reserve the right to disagree.
含义拓展-预定：reserve a table for 2 （没有people） -
amaze
近义词辨析：
amaze 搞不清楚的震惊
astonish 难以置信的震惊
(NCE2-46 P206-L 5) He was astonished at what he found A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of woolen goods.astound 惊呆了的震惊
(NCE3-19 P86-L 16) The police were astounded when Mrs. Ramsay told them what she had done.
-
turn out to be 原来是这样（出乎意料）
prove (to be)
Eric's girlfriend turned out to be his half- sister. -
morden - looking
类似结构：adj. + v-ing
(NCE3-34 P158-L 17) an interesting- looking carved dagger
hard-working
easy-going
She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips.
-
stands 在这里作系动词，高度是表语，表示有多高
The tower stands 15 meters (high).
相似用法：weigh 有多重
The boy weighs 50 kilos.measure
The carpet measures
5 meters long. 有五米长
and 3 meters across. 有三米宽 -
rest on v.被搁在, 停留在, 信赖
= depend on（依靠, 依赖）/ lean on（靠着）
-- His hand rested lightly on my shoulder
-- Her face rested on her hands.
Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
-
Despite
表示让步的介词，连词，跟从句的介词短语
(NCE3- -52 P236-L 2) Despite the fact that the bottle is tinted a delicate shade of green, an observant visitor would soon notice that it is filled with what looks like a thick, grayish substance.
如何写出引人入胜的叙事类文章?
制造悬念(有趣发现)→层层深入,迫近主题(古城-庙宇→殿堂→神像)→揭示谜底，故事高潮(身首异处，摩登女郎)→尾声，意犹未尽(身份未知)
