学习Swift第一天的笔记

  1 import Foundation
  2 
  3 println("Hello, World!")
  4 
  5 /*
  6     let 定义常量,var 定义变量
  7 */
  8 var hello = "Hello, World!"           //定义一个变量
  9 var helloWorld: String = "Hello, World!"  //一般情况下Swift会自动推断其所属类型,如果想要显示的指定其类型,就在变量名后面跟“: 类型名”
 10 helloWorld += "!"                //借鉴了C++里面的运算符重载,追加字符串
 11 println(helloWorld)               //后台打印变量"hello"的值
 12 println("hell0 = \(hello)")           //在打印的字符串中引入变量
 13 
 14 var 你好 = "你好"                 //Swift中支持几乎所有的Unicode字符,除了数学上的符号、剪头、横杠以及系统关键字以外
 15 let 动物园 = "zoo"
 16 println("\(你好),\(动物园)")          //后台打印中文字符的变量,并进行变量拼接
 17 
 18 let 动物 = "animal"; let 猴子 = "monkey"    //单行创建多个变量或常量其间需要使用";"隔开
 19 
 20 let a: Int8 = 8                            //整形会自动推断为Int类型(在32位机器上是Int32,在64位机器上是Int64),如果想声明为其他类型,则需要显示指定其类型。
 21 
 22 let b = 12.0                   //浮点型数据会自动推断为Double类型。
 23 let c: Float = 16.0               //指定浮点型变量为Float类型需要显示指定。
 24 //let d = a + b                //两个不同数据类型的常量/变量不能直接进行运算,因为Swift中没有隐式转换,必须开发者显示转换。
 25 let d = Double(a) + b             //添加显示转换的两个不同类型的变量间运算,显示转换方式:类型名(常量/变量)
 26 
 27 /*
 28     元组分解
 29 */
 30 let http404ErrorA = (404, "httpRequestError")
 31 println("errorCode = \(http404ErrorA.0)")                                       //通过下标分解元组
 32 println("errorCode = \(http404ErrorA.0), errorMessage = \(http404ErrorA.1)")    //通过下标分解元组并拼接字符串
 33 
 34 let http404ErrorB = (errorCode:404,errorMessage:"httpRequestError")
 35 println("errorCode = \(http404ErrorB.errorCode),errorMessage = \(http404ErrorB.errorMessage)")
 36 
 37 
 38 /*
 39     数组,一个数组里只能存储一种类型的数据
 40 */
 41 
 42 var nameArrayA:String[] = ["zhangsan","lisi","wangwu"]  //显示表示字符串数组
 43 var nameArrayB = ["zhangsan","lisi","wangwu",32]        //显示表示字符串数组
 44 var nameArrayC = [12,22,32,43]
 45 
 46 println("nameArrayA = \(nameArrayA)")//
 47 println("nameArrayB = \(nameArrayB)")//
 48 println("nameArrayC = \(nameArrayC)")//
 49 
 50 println("nameArrayA = \(nameArrayA),nameArrayB = \(nameArrayB)")
 51 
 52 nameArrayA.append("32")                 //Swift中的数组内只能拼接同一种类型的数据
 53 nameArrayA.removeAtIndex(0)             //Swift中移除数组中的一条数据,remove后只是删除了相应字段的内容值,但不会删除字段
 54 nameArrayA[0] = "xingxing"              //Swift中修改数组中的一条数据
 55 println("nameArrayA = \(nameArrayA)")
 56 
 57 //循环遍历数组(两种方法)
 58 for name in nameArrayA{
 59     println("name = \(name)")
 60 }
 61 for (index, name) in enumerate(nameArrayA){
 62     println("index = \(index),name = \(name)")
 63 }
 64 
 65 var person:Dictionary<String, String> = ["name":"zhangsan","sex":"m"]  //Swift中定义字典
 66 println("\(person)")
 67 
 68 //添加数组成份
 69 person["habit"] = "football"
 70 person["name"] = "gavin"
 71 person["sex"] = "m";
 72 println("person1 = \(person)")
 73 
 74 //添加具有相同字段名的成份
 75 person["name"] = "xiaoli"
 76 person["sex"] = "w"
 77 person["habit"] = "read"
 78 println("person2 = \(person)")
 79 
 80 //更新数组中相应字段名的数据
 81 let oldName = person.updateValue("baobei",forKey:("name"))
 82 println("person = \(person), oldName = \(oldName)")
 83 
 84 //循环遍历字典
 85 for (key, value) in person{
 86     println("key = \(key), value = \(value)")
 87 }
 88 /*
 89     数组可以进行更新,字典不可以更新
 90 */
 91 
 92 var condition = true
 93 var number = 1
 94 
 95 /*
 96     if条件语句
 97 */
 98 //错误if条件语句
 99 //if number {                     //if条件语句不需要添加小括号,判断条件必须为bool类型数据
100 //    println("do something")
101 //}
102 //正确if条件语句
103 if condition {                   //if条件语句不需要添加小括号,判断条件必须为bool类型数据
104     println("do something")
105 }
106 /*
107     for循环
108 */
109 for var i = 0; i < 100; i++ {
110     print("\(i)   ")         //不换行打印
111     println("i = \(i)")     //换行打印
112 }
113 
114 /*
115     switch语句
116 */
117 var s = 5
118 switch s{
119 case 1:
120     println("s = 1")
121 //    fallthrough         //强制执行下一句
122 case 2..6:                //范围运算符“1..10”:只包括1,不包括10,“1...10”:1和10都包括
123     println("s = 2")
124 //    fallthrough
125 case 3..11 where s==10:   //双重判定
126     println("s = 3")
127 //    fallthrough
128 default:
129     println("s = other number")
130 }
131 
132 var point1 = (3, 4)
133 
134 switch point1 {
135 case (0, 0):
136     println("origion")
137 case (0,_):             //“_”忽略这个位置的值
138     println("y axis")
139 case (_,0):
140     println("x axis")
141 default:
142     println("in range")
143 }
144 var point2 = (0, 4)
145 
146 switch point2 {
147 case (0, 0):
148     println("origion")
149 case (0,let y):
150     println("y axis, y = \(y)") //输出y轴上的值
151 case (_,0):
152     println("x axis")
153 default:
154     println("in range")
155 }
156 
157 /*
158 ——————————optionals可选变量————————————
159 1.nil:所有类型为空均可使用
160 2.optionals声明
161 3.optionals拆包(Forced Unwrapping)
162 */
163 
164 var value: Int?//“?”用在数据类型之后代表为可选类型,值可能为nil
165 
166 //将字符串转换为Int类型
167 let numberStr = "12345"
168 value = numberStr.toInt()           //value返回一个bool类型
169 
170 //解包
171 if value{
172     println("value = \(value!)")    //"!"表示解包,表示将value中的值取出
173     var acceptValue: Int = value!   //使用“!”可将value中的值取出并赋给其他变量
174 }else{
175     
176 }
177 /*
178     函数:func 函数名 (参数列表) 返回值 {
179         实现体
180 181 */
182 func sayHello(name: String) -> String{
183     return "Hello" + name
184 }
185 
186 println(sayHello("zhangsan"))
187 
188 //函数的类型:参数类型+返回值类型
189 
190 var funcType1:(String) -> String = sayHello //定义一个名称为"funcType"的函数
191 
192 func sayGoodBye(name: String) -> String{
193     return "GoodBye" + name
194 }
195 
196 println(funcType1("lisi"))
197 
198 funcType1 = sayGoodBye
199 
200 var funcType2:(String) -> String = sayGoodBye
201 
202 println(funcType1("lisi"))
203 println(funcType2("lisi"))
204 
205 func count(name: String) -> (vowels: Int, consonant: Int)
206 {
207     var vowels = 0, consonants = 0
208     for character in name{
209         var string: String = String(character).lowercaseString
210         switch string{
211             case "a","e","i","o","u":
212             vowels++
213             case "b","c","d","f","g","h","j","k","l","m","n","p","q","r","s","t","v","w","x","y","z":
214             consonants++
215         default:
216             println("非字母")
217         }
218     }
219     return(vowels, consonants)
220 }
221 println(count("woshixingxing"))
222 
223 var array = count("我是xingxing")
224 println("vowels = \(array.0) consonants = \(array.1)")
225 
226 /*
227     局部变量和外部变量
228 */
229 
230 func join1(string1: String, string2: String) -> String{
231     return string1 + string2
232 }
233 
234 println(join1("Hello"," Xiaoxingxing"))
235 
236 func join2(externalName1 string1: String, string2: String) -> String{
237     return string1 + string2
238 }
239 
240 println(join2(externalName1:"Hello"," Xiaoxingxing"))            //"externalName1"为外部变量名,"string1"为局部变量名
241 
242 func join3(#string1: String, #string2: String, #joiner:String) -> String{
243     return string1 + joiner + string2
244 }
245 println(join3(string1:"Hello",string2:"xingxing",joiner:"-"))
246 
247 func join4(#string1: String, #string2: String, joiner: String = "-") -> String{
248     return string1 + joiner + string2
249 }
250 println(join4(string1:"Hello",string2:"xingxing"))
251 println(join4(string1:"Hello",string2:"xingxing",joiner:"*"))
252 //println(join3(string1:"Hello",string2:" Xiaoxingxing"))       //在"string1"和"string2"前加”#“,"string1"和"string2"既为局部变量名也是外部变量名
253 
254 func join5(#string1: String, #string2: String,_ joiner: String = "-") -> String{     //”_“取消其外部名称
255     return string1 + joiner + string2
256 }
257 println(join5(string1:"Hello",string2:"xingxing"))
258 //println(join5(string1:"Hello",string2:"xingxing",joiner:"#"))
259 println(join5(string1:"Hello",string2:"xingxing","#"))
260 
261 func caculateMeal(numbers: Double ...) -> Double
262 {
263     var sum = 0.0
264     for number in numbers{                         //获取每一个参数的值
265         sum += number
266     }
267     return sum/Double(numbers.count)
268 }
269 
270 println("meal = \(caculateMeal(1.0,2.0,3.0))")
271 
272 func incream(var a: Int,var b: Int)
273 {
274     a++
275 }
276 
277 var increamNumber = 5
278 incream(increamNumber, 3)               279 println("increamNumber = \(increamNumber)")
280 
281 func swapTwoInt(inout a: Int,inout b: Int)                 //”inout“为可修改关键字,即:传进的参数可以进行修改
282 {
283     var temp = a
284     a = b
285     b = temp
286 }
287 
288 var swapValueA = 3,swapValueB = 5
289 swapTwoInt(&swapValueA, &swapValueB)                     //传变量地址进行修改
290 println("swapValueA = \(swapValueA), swapValueB = \(swapValueB)")
291 
292 
293 /*
294     函数嵌套
295 */
296 //外部函数
297 func stepBackward(number: Int) -> Int
298 {
299     return number - 1
300 }
301 
302 func stepForward(number: Int) -> Int
303 {
304     return number + 1
305 }
306 
307 //内部嵌套函数
308 func changeValue(isStepBackward: Bool) -> (Int) -> Int
309 {
310     //被嵌套的函数
311     func stepBackward(number: Int) -> Int
312     {
313         return number - 1
314     }
315     
316     func stepForward(number: Int) -> Int
317     {
318         return number + 1
319     }
320     return isStepBackward ? stepBackward : stepForward
321 }
322 
323 var changeValueFunc: (Int) -> Int = changeValue(true)
324 var changedValue = 3
325 println("after changed: changedValue = \(changeValueFunc(changedValue))")
326 //——————————闭包——————————
327 var names = ["zhangsan","lisi","wangwu","zhaoliu"]
328 
329 //var sortedNames = sort(names,{
330 //    (stringA: String ,stringB: String)  -> Bool in return stringA > stringB
331 //})
332 
333 //自动类型推断
334 var sortedNames = sort(names,{
335     (stringA ,stringB)  -> Bool in return stringA > stringB
336 })
337 println("sortedNames = \(sortedNames)")
338 
339 //var sortedNmaes  = sort(names,{stringA,stringB->Bool in stringA > stringB})
340 
341 //var sortedNmaes  = sort(names,{$0>$1})
342 
343 var sortedNmaes  = sort(names,>)
344 
345 //如果函数中有闭包的话就把闭包放到外面 并且闭包参数是最后一个 例如:
346 var sortedNmaes1 = sort(names){
347     $0>$1
348 }
posted @ 2014-06-07 22:49  激情为梦想而生  阅读(162)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报