【C++ Primer Chapter 2 总结】decltype & auto

decltype gives the declared type of the expression that is passed to it. 
auto does the same thing as template type deduction. 
So, for example, if you have a function that returns a reference, auto will still be a value (you need auto& to get a reference), 
but decltype will be exactly the type of the return value.
 
decltype给出其修饰的表达式的类型,auto作用与template类型推断类似。
例如:函数返回值是引用,auto仍然返回的是值本身,因此需要使用 auto& 来获得该引用。 而decltype推断出来的直接是该返回值的类型:引用。
 
#include <iostream>
int global{};
int& foo(){
   return global;
}
 
 
int main(){
    decltype(foo()) a = foo();         //a is an `int&`
    auto b = foo(); //b is an `int`
    b = 2;
 
 
    std::cout << "a: " << a << '\n';     //prints "a: 0"
    std::cout << "b: " << b << '\n';     //prints "b: 2"
 
    decltype(foo()) c = foo(); //c is an `int&`
    c = 10;
 
    std::cout << "---\n";
    std::cout << "a: " << a << '\n';     //prints "a: 10"
    std::cout << "b: " << b << '\n';     //prints "b: 2"
    std::cout << "c: " << c << '\n';     //prints "c: 10"
 
    auto& d = foo();
    d = 5;
 
    std::cout << "---\n";
    std::cout << "a: " << a << '\n';     //prints "a: 5"
    std::cout << "b: " << b << '\n';     //prints "b: 2"
    std::cout << "c: " << c << '\n';     //prints "c: 5"
    std::cout << "d: " << d << '\n';     //prints "d: 5"
 
}
 
多维数组:
int a[3][4];
for(auto& row : a) {         //  row的类型: int (&row) [4];  row是大小为4的数组的引用。如果这里是auto row,会编译错误。 因为auto row推断出来的row是int*类型(数组类型会自动转换为指向第一个元素的指针),但是指针类型无法使用for遍历
    for(auto& col : row) {     // col的类型: int  &col;
        col = cnt;
        ++cnt;
    }
}
 
1.auto通常忽视top-level const,保留low-level const。
int i = 0;
const int ci = i, &cr = ci; 
auto b = ci;                 // b is an int, top=level in ci is dropped
auto c = cr;                 // c in an int, cr is an alias for ci whose const is top-level
auto d = &i;                 // d is an int*, & of an int object is int*
auto e = &ci;                // e is an const int*, & of a const object is low-level const
 
//如果想要推理出来的类型有top-level const,需要显示说明:
const auto f = ci;
 
2.decltype处理top-level const和引用的方式与auto不同。
当应用decltype的表达式是一个变量时,decltype返回该变量的类型,包括top-level const和引用。
当应用decltype的表达式不是变量时,decltype返回该表达式产生的类型。表达式产生可以作为赋值语句左值的对象时,decltype返回引用类型。
decltype解引用操作的表达式(lvalue)得到的是引用类型。
将变量包装在一组或多组括号中,则编译器会将操作数视为表达式。变量是一个表达式,可以是赋值的左侧,在这样的表达式上的decltype得到引用类型。
const int ci = 0, &cj = ci;
decltype(ci) x = 0;             // x has type const int
cecltype(cj) y = x;             // y has type const int& and is bound to x
decltype(cj) z;                // error: z is a reference and must be initialized 
 
int i = 42, *p = &i, &r = i;  
decltype(r+0) b;               // addition yields an int (rvalue)
decltype(*p) c;                // error: *p yields lvalue, so c is int& and must be initialized
 
decltype((i)) d;              // error: (i) is an expression, i is lvalue, so d is int& and must be initialized
decltype(i) e;                 // i is int;
 
 
posted @ 2021-05-29 17:27  萌新的学习之路  阅读(71)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报