服务网关Spring Cloud Zuul
Spring Cloud Zuul
开发环境
- idea 2019.1.2
- jdk1.8.0_201
- Spring Boot 2.1.9.RELEASE
- Spring Cloud Greenwich SR3
Zuul介绍
Zuul是Netflix开发的一款提供动态路由、监控、弹性、安全的网关服务,他可以和Eureka,Ribbon,Hystrix等组件配合使用。还可以通过创建过滤器对校验过滤提供支持,使微服务应用更专注于业务逻辑的开发。
使用Zuul网关服务带来的好处是统一向外系统提供REST API,并额外提供了权限控制、负载均衡等功能,并且这些功能是从原先的服务中抽离出来并单独存在的。
Zuul提供了不同类型的filter用于处理请求,这些filter可以让我们实现以下功能
- 权限控制和安全性:可以识别认证需要的信息和拒绝不满足条件的请求
- 监控:监控请求信息
- 动态路由:根据需要动态地路由请求到后台的不同服务集群
- 压力测试:逐渐增大到集群的流量,以便进行性能评估
- 负载均衡:为每种类型的请求分配容量并丢弃超过限额的请求
- 限流
- 黑白名单过滤
- 静态资源处理:直接在zuul处理静态资源的响应而不需要转发这些请求到内部集群中
过滤器
ZuulFilter是一个基础的抽象类,定义了一些抽象方法
-
filterType方法: filter的类型,有”pre”, “route”, “post”, “error”, “static”
- pre:在请求被路由之前执行
- route:在请求被路由时执行
- post:在请求被路由之后执行
- error:在请求发生错误时执行
- static:特殊的 Filter 具体的可以看 StaticResponseFilter,它允许从 Zuul 本身生成响应,而不是将请求转发到源
-
filterOrder方法:优先级,级别越高,越快被执行(数值越小表示级别越高)
-
shouldFilter方法:开关,如果是true,run方法会执行,否则不会执行
-
run方法:filter执行的逻辑操作
代码实现
1.创建服务注册中心
创建 zuul-eureka-server 项目,引入eureka-server依赖,项目完整源码可以查看:Spring Cloud Zuul 示例源码
以下贴几段关键代码
pom添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
启动类增加 @EnableEurekaServer 注解
@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class ZuulEurekaServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ZuulEurekaServerApplication.class, args);
}
}
yml配置
server:
port: 8761
spring:
application:
name: zuul-eureka-server
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost # eureka 实例名称
client:
register-with-eureka: false # 不向注册中心注册自己
fetch-registry: false # 是否检索服务
service-url:
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/ # 注册中心访问地址
2.创建服务提供者1
创建 zuul-server-provider 项目,引入eureka-client依赖,项目完整源码可以查看:Spring Cloud Zuul 示例源码
以下贴几段关键代码
pom添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
编写HelloController服务
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String index(@RequestParam String name) {
log.info("request one name is " + name);
return "hello " + name + ",this is first messge";
}
}
启动类增加 @EnableDiscoveryClient 注解
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ZuulServerProviderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ZuulServerProviderApplication.class, args);
}
}
yml配置
spring:
application:
name: zuul-server-provider
server:
port: 9000
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka
3.创建服务提供者2
创建 zuul-server-provider2 项目,引入eureka-client依赖,其它同服务提供者1项目,项目完整源码可以查看:Spring Cloud Zuul 示例源码
以下贴出差异部分代码
编写服务,这里为了做服务降级测试,为当前线程设置了一个超长休眠时间
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String index(@RequestParam String name) {
log.info("request two name is " + name);
try{
//为做服务降级测试,设置一个超长休眠时间,故意导致该服务访问超时
Thread.sleep(1000000);
}catch ( Exception e){
log.error(" hello two error",e);
}
return "hello " + name + ",this is two messge";
}
}
4.创建zuul服务网关
创建 zuul-server-gateway 项目,引入netflix-zuul及eureka-client依赖,项目完整源码可以查看:Spring Cloud Zuul 示例源码
以下贴几段关键代码
pom.xml配置
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
创建过滤器TokenFilter.java
package com.easy.zuulServerGateway.filter;
import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
@Slf4j
public class TokenFilter extends ZuulFilter {
@Override
public String filterType() {
//可以在请求被路由之前调用
return "pre";
}
@Override
public int filterOrder() {
//filter执行顺序,通过数字指定 ,优先级为0,数字越大,优先级越低
return 0;
}
@Override
public boolean shouldFilter() {
//是否执行该过滤器,此处为true,说明需要过滤
return true;
}
@Override
public Object run() {
RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
log.info("--->>> TokenFilter {},{}", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString());
//获取请求的参数
String token = request.getParameter("token");
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(token)) {
//对请求进行路由
ctx.setSendZuulResponse(true);
ctx.setResponseStatusCode(200);
ctx.set("isSuccess", true);
return null;
} else {
//不对其进行路由
ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);
ctx.setResponseStatusCode(400);
ctx.setResponseBody("token is empty");
ctx.set("isSuccess", false);
return null;
}
}
}
创建 zuul-server-provider 服务对应的熔断器(这里针对整个服务熔断,也可以对单个服务接口做熔断处理),ProviderFallback.java
package com.easy.zuulServerGateway.fallback;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.FallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
@Slf4j
@Component
public class ProviderFallback implements FallbackProvider {
@Override
public String getRoute() {
return "zuul-server-provider";
}
@Override
public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse(String route, Throwable cause) {
if (cause != null) {
String reason =cause.getMessage();
log.info("Excption {}", reason);
}
return fallbackResponse();
}
public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse() {
return new ClientHttpResponse() {
@Override
public HttpStatus getStatusCode() {
return HttpStatus.OK;
}
@Override
public int getRawStatusCode() {
return 200;
}
@Override
public String getStatusText(){
return "OK";
}
@Override
public void close() {
}
@Override
public InputStream getBody() {
return new ByteArrayInputStream("The service is unavailable.".getBytes());
}
@Override
public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
return headers;
}
};
}
}
yml配置
spring:
application:
name: zuul-service-gateway
server:
port: 8888
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka
#是否开启重试功能
zuul:
retryable: true
#对当前服务的重试次数
ribbon:
MaxAutoRetries: 2
#切换相同Server的次数
MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 0
启动类增加 @EnableZuulProxy 注解,来启动服务网关
ZuulServerGatewayApplication.java
package com.easy.zuulServerGateway;
import com.easy.zuulServerGateway.filter.TokenFilter;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
public class ZuulServerGatewayApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ZuulServerGatewayApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
public TokenFilter tokenFilter() {
return new TokenFilter();
}
}
至上,示例的四个服务创建完毕,接下来运行示例查看效果
使用
现有四个项目如下
zuul-eureka-server:服务注册中心,服务名:zuul-eureka-server,端口:8761
zuul-server-provider:服务提供者1,服务名:zuul-server-provider,端口:9000
zuul-server-provider2:服务提供者,服务名:zuul-server-provider,端口:9001
zuul-server-gateway:服务网关,服务名:zuul-server-gateway,端口:8888
运行测试
分别启动zuul-eureka-server、zuul-server-gateway、zuul-server-provider三个服务
- 访问地址:http://localhost:8888/zuul-server-provider/hello?name=yuntian,返回:token is empty ,请求被拦截返回。
- 访问地址:http://localhost:8888/zuul-server-provider/hello?name=yuntian&token=xx,返回:hello yuntian,this is first messge,说明请求正常响应。
启动zuul-server-provider2
- 多次访问http://localhost:8888/zuul-server-provider/hello?name=yuntian&token=xx,此时会交替返回
hello yuntian,this is first messge
The service is unavailable
...
从返回结果可以看出:zuul-server-provider2项目已经启用了熔断,返回:The service is unavailable.