读写XML文件
本文将会涉及3个方面的内容:
1.存取XML文件
2.XML文档对象模型
3.XML和DataSet
这里我们先介绍操作XML文件的两个对象:XmlTextReader和XmlTextWriter
打开和读取Xml文件使用到的对象就是XmlTextReader对象。下面的例子打开了与程序在同一路径下的一个例子文件sample.xml
然后我们可以通过其Read方法实现自动便利XML文件。例:
{
//在这里填写对于XML的操作代码
}
下面我们看一个复杂一些的例子。
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从第3行开始我们就根据NodeType属性去判断节点的类型,根据节点的不同类型进行不同的处理。
下表列出了一些常用的节点类型。
XmlTextReader的NodeType的取值 | |
类型 |
说明 |
All |
所有节点 |
Attribute |
一个属性 |
CDATA |
转义那些会被看作标记语言(如HTML)的文本 |
Comment |
使用<!—和-->分隔的注释 |
Document |
XML数据树的根节点 |
DocumentType |
文档的类型声明,即<!DOCTYPE…>标记 |
Element |
一个元素,通常是XML文件中的实际数据 |
EndTag |
元素的结束位置 |
None |
不是节点 |
Text |
返回元素的文本内容 |
XMLDeclaration |
XML声明节点,例如<?xml version=’ |
在进行写入XML文件时我们使用的XmlTextWriter类,它是XmlWriter的子类,速度快且不使用缓存,但是同XmlTextReader一样,在写入XML文件时只能向前。
我们假定要写入的XML文件在C盘根目录下:
在这里如果不想把数据写入文件,而只是想在命令窗口显示,则可以把“Console.Out”作为参数传递给构造器,此时应把上述语句改为:
下面我们介绍一下写入XML文件数据的一些常用方法:
XmlTextWriter的常用方法 | ||
方法 |
说明 |
用法 |
WriteStartDocument |
写XML声明部分,即“<?xml version=” |
writer.WriteStartDocument(); |
WriteEndDocument |
使没有闭合元素闭合 |
writer.WriteEndDocument(); |
WriteDocType |
写DOCTYPE声明 |
writer.WriteDocType("sample2",null,null,"<!ENTITY h 'hardcover'>"); |
WriteStartElement |
写元素的开始标志 |
writer.WriteStartElement("sample2"); |
WriteEndElement |
写元素的结束标志 |
writer.WriteEndElement(); |
WriteString |
写入字符串 |
writer.WriteString("Pride And Prejudice"); |
WriteCData |
写CDATA块,即写入的文字在<![CDATA[…]]>间 |
writer.WriteCData("Price 15% off!!"); |
WriteRaw |
手工写入一行,不作任何处理 |
writer.WriteRaw("this & that"); |
WriteEntityRef |
写入实体引用,即前面加“&”后面加“;” |
writer.WriteEntityRef("h"); |
WriteProcessingInstruction |
写入处理指令,即前面加“<?”后面加“?>” |
writer.WriteProcessingInstruction("xml-stylesheet",PItext); |
WriteComment |
写入注释,自动加入注释标志“<!--”和“à” |
writer.WriteComment("sample XML"); |
Flush |
把缓存中的内容写入文件 |
writer.Flush(); |
Close |
关闭,如有未闭合的元素,自动闭合 |
writer.Close(); |
其中WriteString方法会对字符串进行下述处理:
1.字符“&”、“<”和“>”转化为“&”、“<”和“>”。
2.ASCII码为0~
3.如果是在写属性的值则双引号“””转化为“"”;单引号 “’”转化为“'”。
下面给大家写出一个例程,由于注释比较详细就不作过多解释了。
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本文参考自突破C#编程