Linux系统环境下如何获得U盘拔插的信息

获得U盘的插入或者拔取得信息的传统方法是在内核级运行hotplug程序，相关参数通过环境变量传递过来，再由hotplug通知其他关注hotplug的应用程序。这样的做法效率有些低，现在通过一种特殊类型的socket netlink实现获取U盘拔插的信息。netlink专门用于内核空间和用户空间的异步通信。

下面的例子可以监听内核的hotplug事件，源代码如下：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include <errno.h>

#define UEVENT_BUFFER_SIZE 2048

static int init_hotplug_sock(void);

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int hotplug_sock = init_hotplug_sock();
while(1){
char buf[UEVENT_BUFFER_SIZE*2] = {0};
recv(hotplug_sock, &buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
printf("%s\n", buf);

}
return 0;
}

static int init_hotplug_sock(void)
{
struct sockaddr_nl snl;
const int buffersize = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
int retval;

memset(&snl, 0x00, sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl));
snl.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
snl.nl_pid = getpid();
snl.nl_groups = 1;
int hotplug_sock = socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_DGRAM, NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT);

if (hotplug_sock == -1) {
printf("error getting socket: %s", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}

/* set receive buffersize */
setsockopt(hotplug_sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &buffersize, sizeof(buffersize));
retval = bind(hotplug_sock, (struct sockaddr *) &snl, sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl));

if (retval < 0) {
printf("bind failed: %s", strerror(errno));
close(hotplug_sock);
hotplug_sock = -1;
return -1;
}

return hotplug_sock;
}