Spring MVC执行流程
Spring mvc 是控制层框架
DispatherServlet 是一个servlet
请求交给dispatcherServlet 进行管理
重写了这个doService方法
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { String method = req.getMethod(); //判断请求方法 if (method.equals(METHOD_GET)) { //如果是get方法 long lastModified = getLastModified(req); if (lastModified == -1) { // servlet doesn't support if-modified-since, no reason // to go through further expensive logic doGet(req, resp); } else { long ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader(HEADER_IFMODSINCE); if (ifModifiedSince < lastModified) { // If the servlet mod time is later, call doGet() // Round down to the nearest second for a proper compare // A ifModifiedSince of -1 will always be less maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified); doGet(req, resp); } else { resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_MODIFIED); } } } else if (method.equals(METHOD_HEAD)) { long lastModified = getLastModified(req); maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified); doHead(req, resp); } else if (method.equals(METHOD_POST)) { doPost(req, resp); } else if (method.equals(METHOD_PUT)) { doPut(req, resp); } else if (method.equals(METHOD_DELETE)) { doDelete(req, resp); } else if (method.equals(METHOD_OPTIONS)) { doOptions(req,resp); } else if (method.equals(METHOD_TRACE)) { doTrace(req,resp); } else { // // Note that this means NO servlet supports whatever // method was requested, anywhere on this server. // String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented"); Object[] errArgs = new Object[1]; errArgs[0] = method; errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs); resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, errMsg); } }
流程:
1 spring mvc 任何请求先交给DispatcherServlet进行管理
@SuppressWarnings("serial") public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet { )
2 执行DispatcherServlet的 doService方法 交给doDispatch方法
@Override protected void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
try { doDispatch(request, response); }
看这个核心的方法:
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request; HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null; boolean multipartRequestParsed = false; WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request); try { ModelAndView mv = null; //返回给客户端的 Exception dispatchException = null; try { processedRequest = checkMultipart(request); //检查上传文件的 multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request); // Determine handler for the current request. mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest); //获取到HandlerMapping 任何一个请求到这里都可以拿到一个注册信息了 哪个controller 哪个方法 if (mappedHandler == null) { noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response); return; } // Determine handler adapter for the current request. HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler()); //适配器 主要做拦截器操作(在方法执行之前执行) // Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler. String method = request.getMethod(); boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method); //判断是get请求 if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) { long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler()); if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) { return; } } if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) { return; } // Actually invoke the handler. mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler()); //开始执行 执行完毕获取到当前ModeAndView if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { return; } applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv); mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv); } catch (Exception ex) { dispatchException = ex; } catch (Throwable err) { // As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well, // making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios. dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err); } processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException); } catch (Exception ex) { triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex); } catch (Throwable err) { triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err)); } finally { if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { // Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion if (mappedHandler != null) { mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response); } } else { // Clean up any resources used by a multipart request. if (multipartRequestParsed) { cleanupMultipart(processedRequest); } } } }
3 doDispatch获取HandlerMapping。表示获取当前的具体的请求信息class地址和方法名称,获取到适配器
4HandlerAdapter 开始拦截
5 执行完毕之后,获取当前ModelAndView
6 执行视图解析
Spring工作流程描述
1. 用户向服务器发送请求,请求被Spring 前端控制Servelt DispatcherServlet捕获;
2. DispatcherServlet对请求URL进行解析,得到请求资源标识符(URI)。然后根据该URI,调用HandlerMapping获得该Handler配置的所有相关的对象(包括Handler对象以及Handler对象对应的拦截器),最后以HandlerExecutionChain对象的形式返回;
3. DispatcherServlet 根据获得的Handler,选择一个合适的HandlerAdapter。(附注:如果成功获得HandlerAdapter后,此时将开始执行拦截器的preHandler(...)方法)
4. 提取Request中的模型数据,填充Handler入参,开始执行Handler(Controller)。 在填充Handler的入参过程中,根据你的配置,Spring将帮你做一些额外的工作:
HttpMessageConveter: 将请求消息(如Json、xml等数据)转换成一个对象,将对象转换为指定的响应信息
数据转换:对请求消息进行数据转换。如String转换成Integer、Double等
数据根式化:对请求消息进行数据格式化。 如将字符串转换成格式化数字或格式化日期等
数据验证: 验证数据的有效性(长度、格式等),验证结果存储到BindingResult或Error中
5. Handler执行完成后,向DispatcherServlet 返回一个ModelAndView对象;
6. 根据返回的ModelAndView,选择一个适合的ViewResolver(必须是已经注册到Spring容器中的ViewResolver)返回给DispatcherServlet ;
7. ViewResolver 结合Model和View,来渲染视图
8. 将渲染结果返回给客户端。
Spring工作流程描述
为什么Spring只使用一个Servlet(DispatcherServlet)来处理所有请求?
详细见J2EE设计模式-前端控制模式
Spring为什么要结合使用HandlerMapping以及HandlerAdapter来处理Handler?
符合面向对象中的单一职责原则,代码架构清晰,便于维护,最重要的是代码可复用性高。如HandlerAdapter可能会被用于处理多种Handler。