openSUSE 使用docker安装 Oracle 19c 数据库
一、需求
因工作需要搭建一套Oracle环境用于远程开发使用，主要是写一些存储过程SQL，存有少量数据用于验证程序是否可以正确运行。为什么选用docker，因为在宿主机（物理机）上安装需要配置的东西实在是太多了，找捷径使用别人做好的镜像少量更改即可使用，这也是本次部署的主要出发点。
CentOS社区关闭后，我就考虑使用openSUSE做代替品了，选用这个操作系统是多年前工作时接触过，感觉还不错。
本文都将以openSUSE15为例，其他操作系统请自行调整代码。
二、环境信息
ESXi平台部署的openSUSE 15
内存4GB
磁盘400GB
三、安装步骤
3.1.安装docker
操作系统安装略，使用哪家都可以，需要先安装docker。
3.1.1搜索docker包
localhost:~ # zypper search docker Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... S | Name | Summary | Type --+---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+----------- | containment-rpm-docker | Wraps OBS/kiwi-built images in rpms | package | docker | The Moby-project Linux container runtime | package | docker | The Moby-project Linux container runtime | srcpackage | docker-bash-completion | Bash Completion for docker | package | docker-bench-security | Docker Bench for Security | package | docker-distribution-registry | Registry server for Docker | package | docker-fish-completion | Fish completion for docker | package | docker-img-store-setup | Setup btrfs or xfs image store for docker | package | docker-kubic | The Moby-project Linux container runtime | package | docker-kubic | The Moby-project Linux container runtime | srcpackage | docker-kubic-bash-completion | Bash Completion for docker-kubic | package | docker-kubic-fish-completion | Fish completion for docker-kubic | package | docker-kubic-kubeadm-criconfig | docker container runtime configuration for kubeadm | package | docker-kubic-zsh-completion | Zsh Completion for docker-kubic | package | docker-libnetwork | Docker Networking | package | docker-libnetwork-kubic | Docker Networking | package | docker-runc | Tool for spawning and running OCI containers | package | docker-runc-kubic | Tool for spawning and running OCI containers | package | docker-zsh-completion | Zsh Completion for docker | package | golang-github-docker-libnetwork | Docker Networking | package | golang-github-docker-libnetwork-kubic | Docker Networking | package | kiwi-image-docker-requires | KIWI - buildservice host requirements for docker images | package | obs-service-docker_label_helper | OBS Service to add prefixed labels in Dockerfile builds | package | openSUSE-release-appliance-docker | openSUSE Leap 15.4 | package | ovn-docker | Docker network plugins for OVN | package | pcp-pmda-docker | Performance Co-Pilot (PCP) metrics from the Docker daemon | package | podman-docker | Emulate Docker CLI using podman | package | python3-avocado-plugins-runner-docker | Avocado Runner for Execution on Docker Containers | package | python3-docker | Docker API Client | package | python3-docker-compose | Tool to define and run complex applications using Docker | package | python3-docker-pycreds | Python bindings for the Docker credentials store API | package | python3-dockerpty | Docker API Client | package | rubygem-docker-api | A simple REST client for the Docker Remote API | package | rubygem-docker-api-doc | RDoc documentation for docker-api | package | rubygem-docker-api-testsuite | Test suite for docker-api | package | yast2-docker | YaST2 - GUI for docker management | package | zypper-docker | Easy patch and update solution for Docker images | package
3.1.2安装docker
localhost:~ # zypper install docker Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following recommended package was automatically selected: criu The following 9 NEW packages are going to be installed: catatonit containerd criu docker docker-bash-completion libnet9 python3-ipaddr python3-protobuf runc 9 new packages to install. Overall download size: 48.7 MiB. Already cached: 0 B. After the operation, additional 223.6 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/v/...? shows all options] (y): y Retrieving package catatonit-0.1.5-3.3.2.x86_64 (1/9), 257.2 KiB (696.5 KiB unpacked) Retrieving: catatonit-0.1.5-3.3.2.x86_64.rpm .....................................................................................................................................[done] Retrieving package libnet9-1.2~rc3-1.29.x86_64 (2/9), 44.6 KiB (100.2 KiB unpacked) Retrieving: libnet9-1.2~rc3-1.29.x86_64.rpm ......................................................................................................................................[done] Retrieving package python3-ipaddr-2.1.11-2.24.noarch (3/9), 38.7 KiB (179.7 KiB unpacked) Retrieving: python3-ipaddr-2.1.11-2.24.noarch.rpm ....................................................................................................................[done (1.8 KiB/s)] Retrieving package python3-protobuf-3.9.2-4.12.1.x86_64 (4/9), 585.7 KiB ( 5.4 MiB unpacked) Retrieving: python3-protobuf-3.9.2-4.12.1.x86_64.rpm .............................................................................................................................[done] Retrieving package criu-3.16.1-bp154.1.33.x86_64 (5/9), 681.9 KiB ( 2.6 MiB unpacked) Retrieving: criu-3.16.1-bp154.1.33.x86_64.rpm ........................................................................................................................[done (1.8 KiB/s)] Retrieving package runc-1.1.3-150000.30.1.x86_64 (6/9), 2.6 MiB ( 9.1 MiB unpacked) Retrieving: runc-1.1.3-150000.30.1.x86_64.rpm ........................................................................................................................[done (1.6 KiB/s)] Retrieving package containerd-1.6.6-150000.73.2.x86_64 (7/9), 17.7 MiB ( 74.2 MiB unpacked) Retrieving: containerd-1.6.6-150000.73.2.x86_64.rpm .................................................................................................................[done (19.4 MiB/s)] Retrieving package docker-20.10.17_ce-150000.166.1.x86_64 (8/9), 26.6 MiB (131.4 MiB unpacked) Retrieving: docker-20.10.17_ce-150000.166.1.x86_64.rpm ..............................................................................................................[done (13.5 MiB/s)] Retrieving package docker-bash-completion-20.10.17_ce-150000.166.1.noarch (9/9), 121.3 KiB (113.6 KiB unpacked) Retrieving: docker-bash-completion-20.10.17_ce-150000.166.1.noarch.rpm ...............................................................................................[done (1.7 KiB/s)] Checking for file conflicts: .....................................................................................................................................................[done] (1/9) Installing: catatonit-0.1.5-3.3.2.x86_64 ...................................................................................................................................[done] (2/9) Installing: libnet9-1.2~rc3-1.29.x86_64 ....................................................................................................................................[done] (3/9) Installing: python3-ipaddr-2.1.11-2.24.noarch ..............................................................................................................................[done] (4/9) Installing: python3-protobuf-3.9.2-4.12.1.x86_64 ...........................................................................................................................[done] (5/9) Installing: criu-3.16.1-bp154.1.33.x86_64 ..................................................................................................................................[done] (6/9) Installing: runc-1.1.3-150000.30.1.x86_64 ..................................................................................................................................[done] (7/9) Installing: containerd-1.6.6-150000.73.2.x86_64 ............................................................................................................................[done] Updating /etc/sysconfig/docker ... (8/9) Installing: docker-20.10.17_ce-150000.166.1.x86_64 .........................................................................................................................[done] (9/9) Installing: docker-bash-completion-20.10.17_ce-150000.166.1.noarch .........................................................................................................[done]
3.1.3安装完成后验证
localhost:~ # docker info Client: Context: default Debug Mode: false Server: Containers: 0 Running: 0 Paused: 0 Stopped: 0 Images: 0 Server Version: 20.10.17-ce Storage Driver: btrfs Build Version: Btrfs v4.15 Library Version: 102 Logging Driver: json-file Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs Cgroup Version: 1 Plugins: Volume: local Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog Swarm: inactive Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux oci runc Default Runtime: runc Init Binary: docker-init containerd version: 10c12954828e7c7c9b6e0ea9b0c02b01407d3ae1 runc version: v1.1.3-0-ga916309fff0f init version: Security Options: apparmor seccomp Profile: default Kernel Version: 5.14.21-150400.24.21-default Operating System: openSUSE Leap 15.4 OSType: linux Architecture: x86_64 CPUs: 2 Total Memory: 3.825GiB Name: localhost.localdomain ID: MBGH:Z3RA:IAEX:QTNN:VKFO:CQPL:PABA:U4T3:X455:NCQQ:YBGJ:AUK6 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker Debug Mode: false Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/ Labels: Experimental: false Insecure Registries: 127.0.0.0/8 Live Restore Enabled: false
3.1.4设置docker开机自己启动，并验证
localhost:~ # systemctl enable docker Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service. localhost:~ # systemctl restart docker localhost:~ # docker info Client: Context: default Debug Mode: false Server: Containers: 0 Running: 0 Paused: 0 Stopped: 0 Images: 0 Server Version: 20.10.17-ce Storage Driver: btrfs Build Version: Btrfs v4.15 Library Version: 102 Logging Driver: json-file Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs Cgroup Version: 1 Plugins: Volume: local Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog Swarm: inactive Runtimes: runc io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux oci Default Runtime: runc Init Binary: docker-init containerd version: 10c12954828e7c7c9b6e0ea9b0c02b01407d3ae1 runc version: v1.1.3-0-ga916309fff0f init version: Security Options: apparmor seccomp Profile: default Kernel Version: 5.14.21-150400.24.21-default Operating System: openSUSE Leap 15.4 OSType: linux Architecture: x86_64 CPUs: 2 Total Memory: 3.825GiB Name: localhost.localdomain ID: MBGH:Z3RA:IAEX:QTNN:VKFO:CQPL:PABA:U4T3:X455:NCQQ:YBGJ:AUK6 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker Debug Mode: false Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/ Labels: Experimental: false Insecure Registries: 127.0.0.0/8 Live Restore Enabled: false
3.1.5拉取Oracle19C的镜像
localhost:~ # docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhuyijun/oracle:19c 19c: Pulling from zhuyijun/oracle bce8f778fef0: Pull complete 3fc3fd32c0bc: Pull complete 02948dd6d654: Pull complete 67f2dfeb2f1b: Pull complete 2e42d8039fd9: Pull complete b94f01bb60c6: Pull complete Digest: sha256:3898a9394720f30ce7f0b83ef2d172f4cd11b958282e0505f83cf2b0e5eaf7d4 Status: Downloaded newer image for registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhuyijun/oracle:19c registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhuyijun/oracle:19c
并作验证
localhost:~ # docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhuyijun/oracle 19c 7b5eb4597688 2 years ago 6.61GB
3.1.6创建Oracle数据文件存放路径，在宿主机创建（物理机），需要授权777，为了省事我是这么写的，如果你对权限较为敏感需要自行研究下权限配置。关于文件路径，例如存在/u01目录下，可以根据自己需求来决定，后面配置时改成对应的路径即可，这个不是强制要求这样写
localhost:~ # mkdir /u01/oracle/oradata -p localhost:~ # chmod 777 /u01/oracle/oradata/
3.1.7配置Oracle初始化安装脚本，准备进入安装
localhost:~ # docker run -d \ > -p 1521:1521 -p 5500:5500 \ > -e ORACLE_SID:ORCLPDB \ > -e ORACLE_PDB:ORCLPDB1 \ > -e ORACLE_PWD=oracle \ > -e ORACLE_EDITION=standard \ > -e ORACLE_CHARACTERSET=AL32UTF8 \ > -v /u01/oracle/oradata:/opt/oracle/oradata \ > --name oracle19c \ > registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhuyijun/oracle:19c b5afbb001c0b8fee8505efd1ae505129f0d8bac8ceebe39736d29f81c00ab644
最后一行代码即是docker运行的进程
-p 1521:1521 -p 5500:5500 \ //配置Oracle服务端口 -e ORACLE_SID:ORCLPDB \ //配置ORACLEPDB，似乎是12C的新特性有别于11g -e ORACLE_PDB:ORCLPDB1 \ -e ORACLE_PWD=oracle \ //配置Oracle的管理用户密码，可自行调整设置 -e ORACLE_EDITION=standard \ //配置Oracle的版本，standard即为标准版，可满足大多数需求 -e ORACLE_CHARACTERSET=AL32UTF8 \ //配置Oracle实例的字符集，这里设置的是UTF8，如果需要gbk则配置为zhs16gbk -v /u01/oracle/oradata:/opt/oracle/oradata \ //配置Oracle数据文件的存储路径，上述命令mkdir那一段你配置的什么这里就写什么 --name oracle19c \ //给容器起了个名字，你想叫什么都可以
上述代码配置好以后，回车即可进入安装，安装的过程可以使用下述命令来观察，直到出现“DATABASE IS READY TO USE!”则安装结束
localhost:~ # docker logs -ft oracle19c 2022-09-27T17:04:43.575564431Z Relinking oracle binary for edition: standard 2022-09-27T17:04:43.575594872Z make -f /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk edition_standard ioracle 2022-09-27T17:04:43.605310381Z Deploying Oracle Database Standard Edition 2022-09-27T17:04:43.606338466Z mv -f /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/lib/libedtn19.a /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/lib/libedtn19_backup.a 2022-09-27T17:04:43.639200887Z cp /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/lib/libedtn19_std.a /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/lib/libedtn19.a 2022-09-27T17:04:43.653293476Z chmod 755 /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/bin 2022-09-27T17:04:43.671867296Z 2022-09-27T17:04:43.673400646Z - Linking Oracle
内容较多，此处省略
2022-09-27T17:30:16.342415712Z Pluggable database altered.
2022-09-27T17:30:16.342450623Z
2022-09-27T17:30:19.489645247Z SQL>
2022-09-27T17:30:19.489934088Z PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
2022-09-27T17:30:19.489947739Z
2022-09-27T17:30:19.491761146Z SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 19c Standard Edition 2 Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
2022-09-27T17:30:19.491780679Z Version 19.3.0.0.0
2022-09-27T17:30:21.684442655Z The Oracle base remains unchanged with value /opt/oracle
2022-09-27T17:30:22.811238083Z #########################
2022-09-27T17:30:22.811280997Z DATABASE IS READY TO USE!
2022-09-27T17:30:22.811293213Z #########################
2022-09-27T17:30:22.816476715Z The following output is now a tail of the alert.log:
2022-09-27T17:30:22.825296778Z 2022-09-27T17:30:15.157556+00:00
2022-09-27T17:30:22.825329071Z ALTER SYSTEM SET control_files='/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/control01.ctl' SCOPE=SPFILE;
2022-09-27T17:30:22.825347962Z 2022-09-27T17:30:15.198890+00:00
2022-09-27T17:30:22.825355700Z ALTER SYSTEM SET local_listener='' SCOPE=BOTH;
2022-09-27T17:30:22.825361934Z ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ORCLPDB1 SAVE STATE
2022-09-27T17:30:22.825368031Z 2022-09-27T17:30:16.329977+00:00
2022-09-27T17:30:22.825374193Z Completed: ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ORCLPDB1 SAVE STATE
2022-09-27T17:30:22.825380155Z 2022-09-27T17:30:16.840766+00:00
2022-09-27T17:30:22.825385694Z
2022-09-27T17:30:22.825391198Z XDB initialized.
首先使用zypper命令安装docker
四、验证成果
4.1登录到docker容器内，验证Oracle服务
localhost:~ # docker exec -it oracle19c /bin/bash [oracle@b5afbb001c0b ~]$ ls setPassword.sh [oracle@b5afbb001c0b ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Tue Sep 27 18:16:35 2022 Version 19.3.0.0.0 Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved. ERROR: ORA-12162: TNS:net service name is incorrectly specified Enter user-name: ^C
报错了，服务名不正确，我们查看一下Oracle SID的变量是什么
[oracle@b5afbb001c0b ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID //查看SID值显示为空，我们需要设置一下 [oracle@b5afbb001c0b ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB //设置SID，此处回到上面3.1.7，你配置的是什么就写什么，否则无法登陆到数据库内 [oracle@b5afbb001c0b ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba //使用数据库管理员登录，因为是Oracle用户，所以可以不输入密码 SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Tue Sep 27 18:17:45 2022 Version 19.3.0.0.0 Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 19c Standard Edition 2 Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production Version 19.3.0.0.0 SQL> show pdbs; //正确登录，可以查看一下数据库的实例名 CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- 2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO 3 ORCLPDB1 READ WRITE NO SQL> select 1 from dual; 1 ---------- 1 SQL>
4.2使用sqlplus登录验证
C:\Users\tonka>sqlplus sys/oracle@172.16.1.42/ORCLPDB1 as sysdba //根据配置的用户密码进行登录 SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 星期三 9月 28 02:35:00 2022 Version 19.3.0.0.0 Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved. ERROR: ORA-28040: No matching authentication protocol //提示错误，认证协议不匹配导致的
认证协议不匹配一般情况下是Oracle客户端与服务器不一致，需要做一些调整才可以正常登录
4.3调整Oracle服务器配置
[oracle@b5afbb001c0b ~]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME //显示Oracle主目录
/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1
[oracle@b5afbb001c0b ~]$ vi /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora //编辑sqlnet文件
sqlnet文件内容新增如下
NAME.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, EZCONNECT, HOSTNAME) //原有的不动 #add //新增的内容 SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_SERVER=10 SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_CLIENT=10 //版本可以更小，取决你客户端是什么，如果是11g就写10就可以，否则写 9 8 都可以
4.4再次验证
C:\Users\tonka>sqlplus sys/oracle@172.16.1.42/ORCLPDB1 as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 星期三 9月 28 02:39:10 2022 Version 19.3.0.0.0 Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved. 连接到: Oracle Database 19c Standard Edition 2 Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production Version 19.3.0.0.0 SQL> select 1 from dual; 1 ---------- 1 SQL>
可以正确连接使用了。
五、写在最后
docker的性能不如物理机安装，不过可以应付一下了。
